Tapia, J., Audry, S., Townley, B. & Duprey, J. L. Geochemical background, baseline and origin of contaminants from sediments in the mining-impacted Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera of Oruro, Bolivia. Geochemistry 12, 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/10-RA-049 (2012).
Google Scholar
Sarricolea, E. P. & Romero, H. Variabilidad y cambios climáticos observados y esperados en el Altiplano del norte de Chile. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande. 62, 169–183 (2015).
Google Scholar
Garreaud, R., Vuille, M. & Clement, C. A. The climate of the Altiplano: observed current conditions and mechanisms of past changes. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 194(1–3), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00269-4 (2003).
Google Scholar
Vuille, M. & Keiming, F. Interannual variability of summertime convective cloudiness and precipitation in the central andes derived from ISCCP-B3 data. J. Clim. 17(17), 3334–3348. https://doi.org/10.1175/15200442(2004)017%3c3334:IVOSCC%3e2.0.CO;2 (2004).
Google Scholar
Cerveny, R. Present climates of South America. In Climates of the Southern Continents: Present, Past and Future (ed. Hobbs, J. E.) 107–135 (Wiley, Chichester, 1998).
Garreaud, R. & Aceituno, P. Interannual rainfall variability over the South American Altiplano. J. Clim. 14(12), 2779–2789. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014%3c2779:IRVOTS%3e2.0.CO;2 (2001).
Google Scholar
Coronel, J., Declerck, S. & Brendonck, L. High-altitude peatland temporary pools in Bolivia house a high cladoceran diversity. Wetlands 27(4), 1166–1174. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[1166:HPTPIB]2.0.CO;2 (2007).
Google Scholar
Dorador, C., Vila, I., Witzel, K. P. & Imhoff, J. F. Bacterial and archaeal diversity in high altitude wetlands of the Chilean Altiplano. Fundam. Appl. Limnol. 182(2), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1127/1863-9135/2013/0393 (2013).
Google Scholar
Garcia, E. & Otto, M. Caracterización ecohidrológica de humedales alto andinos usando imágenes de satélite multitemporales en la cabecera de cuenca del río Santa, Ancash, Perú. Ecología Aplicada 14(2), 115–125 (2013).
Buytaert, W., Camacho, F. C. & Tobón, C. Potential impacts of climate change on the environmental services of humid tropical alpine regions. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 20(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00585.x (2011).
Google Scholar
Hribljan, J. A. et al. Carbon storage and long-term rate of accumulation in high-altitude Andean peatlands of Bolivia. Mires Peat 15(12), 1–14 (2015).
Yager, K. et al. Dimensiones socioecológicas del cambio del paisaje pastoral andino: puente entre el conocimiento ecológico tradicional y el análisis de imágenes satelitales en Sajama Parque Nacional, Bolivia. Cambio ambiental regional 17, 27–37 (2019).
Urrutia, R. & Vuille, M. Climate change projections for the tropical Andes using a regional climate model: temperature and precipitation simulations for the end of the 21st century. J. Geophys. Res. 114, D02108. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011021 (2009).
Google Scholar
Buytaert, W. et al. Uncertainties in climate change projections and regional downscaling in the tropical Andes: implications for water resources management. Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci. 14, 1247–1258. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1247-2010 (2010).
Google Scholar
Rabatel, A. et al. Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change. Cryosphere 7, 81–102. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013 (2013).
Google Scholar
Prieto, G. et al. A mass sacrifice of children and camelids at the Huanchaquito-Las Llamas site, Moche Valley, Peru . PLoS ONE 14(3), e0211691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211691 (2019).
Google Scholar
Babidge, S., Kalazich, F., Prieto, M. & Yager, K. That’s the problem with that lake; it changes sides’: mapping extraction and ecological exhaustion in the Atacama. J. Political Ecol. 26(1), 738–760. https://doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23169 (2019).
Google Scholar
Prieto, M., Fragkou, M. & Calderón, M. Water policy and management in Chile. In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Water: Science, Technology, and Society (ed. Strickland, C.) 2589–2600 (Wiley, New York, 2020).
Fritz, S. C., Baker, P. A., Tapia, P., Spanbauer, T. & Westover, K. Evolution of the Lake Titicaca basin and its diatom flora over the last 370,000 years. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 317–318, 93–103 (2012).
Google Scholar
Cohen, S. C. Scientific drilling and biological evolution in ancient lakes: lessons learned and recommendations for the future. Hydrobiologia 682(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0546-7 (2012).
Google Scholar
Tapia, P. M., Fritz, S. C., Baker, P. A., Seltzer, G. A. & Dunbar, R. B. A Late Quaternary diatom record of tropical climatic history from Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 194, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00275-X (2003).
Google Scholar
Vining, B. R., Steinman, B. A., Abbott, M. B. & Woods, A. Paleoclimatic and archaeological evidence from Lake Suches for highland Andean refugia during the arid middle-Holocene. The Holocene 29(2), 328–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683618810405 (2019).
Google Scholar
Fritz, S. C., Baker, P. A., Tapia, P. & Garland, J. Spatial and temporal variation in cores from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru during the last 13,000 years. Quat. Int. 158(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.05.014 (2006).
Google Scholar
Hernández, A. et al. Biogeochemical processes controlling oxygen and carbon isotopes of diatom silica in Late Glacial to Holocene lacustrine rhythmites. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 299(3–4), 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.020 (2012).
Google Scholar
Placzek, C. et al. Climate in the dry central Andes over Geologic, millennial, and interannual timescales. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 96(3), 386–397. https://doi.org/10.3417/2008019 (2009).
Google Scholar
Cerda, M. et al. A new 20th century lake sedimentary record from the Atacama Desert/Chile reveals persistent PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) impact. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 95, 102302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102302 (2019).
Google Scholar
Aránguiz-Acuña, A. et al. Aquatic community structure as sentinel of recent environmental changes unraveled from lake sedimentary records from the Atacama Desert, Chile . PLoS ONE 15(2), e0229453. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229453 (2020).
Google Scholar
Flores-Varas, A. et al. Ascotán and Carcote salt flats as sensors of humidity fluctuations and anthropic impacts in the transition zone of the Andean Altiplano. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 105, 102934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102934 (2021).
Google Scholar
Maher, B. A. & Taylor, R. M. Formation of ultrafine-grained magnetite in soils. Nature 336, 368–370 (1988).
Google Scholar
Dearing, J. A. et al. Frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements of environmental materials. Geophys. J. Int. 124, 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb06366.x (1996).
Google Scholar
Evans, M. & Heller, F. Environmental magnetism: principles and applications of enviromagnetics. Int. Geophys. 86, 202 (2003).
Pizarro, H. et al. The origin of the magnetic record in Eocene-Miocene coarse-grained sediments deposited in hyper-arid/arid conditions: examples from the Desert. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 516, 322–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.12.009 (2019).
Google Scholar
Risacher, F., Alonso, H. & Salazar, C. Geoquímica de Aguas en Cuencas cerradas: I, II y III Regiones-Chile. Volumen III Estudio de Cuencas de la II Región. (Convenio de Cooperación DGA-UCN-IRD. S.I.T. Nº51, 1999).
Tapia, R. et al. Glacial differences of Southern Ocean Intermediate Waters in the Central South Pacific. Quat. Sci. Rev. 208, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.016 (2019).
Google Scholar
Horne, D. J. Life-cycles of podocopid Ostracoda – a review (with particular reference to marine and brackish-water species). In Applications of Ostracoda. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda (ed. Maddocks, R.) 581–590 (University of Houston, Texas, 1983).
Cohen, A. C. & Morin, J. G. Patterns of reproduction in ostracodes; a review. J. Crust. Biol. 10(2), 184–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/1548480 (1990).
Google Scholar
Mesquita-Joanes, F., Smith, A. J. & Viehberg, F. A. The ecology of ostracoda across levels of biological organization from individual to ecosystem. J. Quat. Sci. 17, 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53636-5.00002-0 (2012).
Google Scholar
McLay, C. L. The population biology of Cyprinotus carolinensis and Herpetocypris reptans (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Can. J. Zool. 56(5), 1170–1179. https://doi.org/10.1139/z78-161 (1978).
Google Scholar
Hamouda, S. A., Sames, B., Mohammed, A. & Bensalah, M. First record of non-marine ostracods from the Paleogene “hamadian deposits” of Méridja area, west of Bechar (southwestern Algeria). Annales de Paléontologie 104(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2017.12.001 (2018).
Google Scholar
Bergue, C. T., Maranhao, M. D. S. A. S. & Fauht, G. Paleolimnological inferences based on Oligocene ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Tremembé Formation. Southeast Brazil. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 87(3), 1531–1544. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140366 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sylvestre, F., Servant-Vildary, S. & Roux, M. Diatom-based ionic concentration and salinity models from the south Bolivian Altiplano (15–23°S). J. Paleolimnol. 25, 279–295 (2001).
Google Scholar
Nunnery, J. A., Fritz, S. C., Baker, P. A. & Selenbien, W. Lake-level variability in Salar de Coipasa, Bolivia during the past ∼40,000 yr. Quat. Res. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.108 (2018).
Google Scholar
Herrera, C. et al. Investigaciones hidrogeológicas en la laguna Tuyajto perteneciente a la Reserva Nacional de los Flamencos (Atacama, Chile). Bol. Geol. Min. 130(4), 789–806. https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.130.4.011 (2019).
Google Scholar
Houston, J. Variability of precipitation in the Atacama Desert: its causes and hydrological impact. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 26(15), 2181–2198. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1359 (2006).
Google Scholar
Herrera, C. et al. Groundwater flow in a closed basin with a saline shallow lake in a volcanic area: Laguna Tuyajto, northern Chilean Altiplano of the Andes. Sci. Total Environ. 541, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.060 (2016).
Google Scholar
Munk, L. A., Boutt, D. F., Hynek, S. A. & Moran, B. J. Hydrogeochemical fluxes and processes contributing to the formation of lithium-enriched brines in a hyper-arid continental basin. Chem. Geol. 493, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.013 (2018).
Google Scholar
Godfrey, L. & Álvarez-Amado, F. Volcanic and Saline Lithium Inputs to the Salar de Atacama. Minerals 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10020201 (2020).
Google Scholar
Marazuela, M. A., Ayora, C., Vázquez-Suñé, E., Olivella, S. & García-Gil, A. Hydrogeological constraints for the genesis of the extreme lithium enrichment in the Salar de Atacama (NE Chile): A thermohaline flow modelling approach. Sci. Total Environ. 739, 139959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139959 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bobst, A. L. et al. A 106 ka paleoclimate record from drill core of the Salar de Atacama, northern Chile. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 173(1–2), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00308-X (2001).
Google Scholar
Baspineiro, C. F., Franco, J. & Flexer, V. Potential water recovery during lithium mining from high salinity brines. Sci. Total Environ. 720, 137523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137523 (2020).
Google Scholar
Marazuela, M. A., Vázquez-Suñé, E., Ayora, C. & García-Gil, A. Towards more sustainable brine extraction in salt flats: Learning from the Salar de Atacama. Sci. Total Environ. 703, 135605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135605 (2020).
Google Scholar
Babidge, S. Sustaining ignorance: the uncertainties of groundwater and its extraction in the Salar de Atacama, northern Chile. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 25(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12965 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sonter, L. J., Dade, M. C., Watson, J. E. M. & Valenta, R. K. Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity. Nat. Commun. 11, 4174. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17928-5 (2020).
Google Scholar
Stahl, A. T., Fremier, A. K. & Cosens, B. A. Mapping legal authority for terrestrial conservation corridors along streams. Conserv. Biol. 34(4), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13484 (2020).
Google Scholar
García, M., Prieto, M. & Kalazich, F. The protection of the mountain ecosystems of the Southern Central Andes: tensions between Aymara herding practices and conservation policies. Eco. Mont. 13(1), 22–30 (2021).
Vila, T. Geología de los depósitos salinos andinos, provincia de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista de Geología de Chile 2, 41–55 (1975).
CIREN. Catastro Agrícola, estudio de metodología para la realización y actualización de catastro agrícola regional en base a la utilización de tecnología geoespacial 1–35 (CCIRA, Atacama, 2013).
Villagrán, C., Kalin-Arroyo, M. T. & Marticorena, C. Efectos de la destización en la distribución de la flora andina de Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 56, 137–157 (1983).
CONAF. Actualización Plan de Manejo Participativo Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos, Region de Antofagasta (2008).
Núñez, L., Grosjean, M. & Cartajena, I. Ocupaciones humanas y paleoambientes en la Puna de Atacama (Universidad Católica del Norte-Taraxacum, Antofagasta, 2005).
Los Ostracodos, M. P. VI. 4f. In El lago Titicaca, síntesis del conocimiento limnológico actual (eds Dejoux, C. & Iltis, A.) 345–352 (Orstom, New Caledonia, 1991).
Karanovic, I. Recent Freshwater Ostracods of the World, Crustacea, Ostracoda, Podocopida (Springer , Berlin, 2012).
Palacios-Fest, M. R., Cusminsky, G. C. & McGlue, M. M. Late Quaternary lacustrine ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) and charophytes (Charophyta, Charales) from the Puna Plateau, Argentina. Micropaleontology 35, 66–78 (2016).
Brandão, S. N., Angel, M. V., Karanovic, I., Perrier, V. & Meidla, T. World Ostracoda Database. http://www.marinespecies.org/ostracoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1091 on 2020–01–15 (2018).
Fatela, F. & Taborda, R. Confidence limits of species proportions in microfossil assemblages. Mar. Micropaleontol. 45(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00021-X (2002).
Google Scholar
Díaz, C. P. & Maidana, N. I. Diatomeas de los Salares Atacama y Punta Negra, II Región-Chile (Centro de Ecología Aplicada , La Reina, 2005).
Diatoms of North America. The source for diatom identification and ecology. https://diatoms.org (2019).
Hammer, Ø. & Harper, D. Paleontological Data Analysis (Blackwell Publishing , Hoboken, 2006).
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. Ordination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists. Version 2.5–1. URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (2019).
McArdle, B. H. & Anderson, M. J. Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology 82(1), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0290:FMMTCD]2.0.CO;2 (2001).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com