Grant, V. Organismic Evolution (Freeman, 1977).
Falconer, D. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (Longmans, 1981).
Levin, D. in Plant Evolutionary Biology pp. 305–329 (Chapman and Hall, 1988).
Ghalambor, C. K., McKay, J. K., Carroll, S. P. & Reznick, D. N. Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments. Funct. Ecol. 21, 394–407 (2007).
Google Scholar
Wright, S. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16, 97–159 (1931).
Google Scholar
Simpson, G. The Baldwin effect. Evolution 7, 110–117 (1953).
Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. Adaptation and Natural Selection (Princeton Univ. Press, 1966).
Kingsolver, J. G. & Huey, R. B. Evolutionary analyses of morphological and physiological plasticity in thermally variable environments. Am. Zool. 38, 545–560 (1998).
Google Scholar
Woods, H. A. & Harrison, J. F. Interpreting rejections of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis: When is physiological plasticity adaptive? Evolution 56, 1863–1866 (2002).
Google Scholar
Meyer, A. Phenotypic plasticity and heterochrony in Cichlasoma managuense (Pisces, Chichlidae) and their implications for speciation in cichlid fishes. Evolution 41, 1357 (1987).
Google Scholar
Losos, J. B. et al. Evolutionary implications of phenotypic plasticity in the hindlimb of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Evolution 54, 301–305 (2000).
Google Scholar
Kappeler, P. M. & Fichtel, C. Eco-evo-devo of the lemur syndrome: did adaptive behavioral plasticity get canalized in a large primate radiation? Front. Zool. 12, 1–16 (2015).
Google Scholar
Nunney, L. & Cheung, W. The effect of temperature on body size and fecundity in female Drosophila melanogaster: evidence for adaptive plasticity. Evolution 51, 1529 (1997).
Google Scholar
Price, T. D., Qvarnström, A. & Irwin, D. E. The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 270, 1433–1440 (2003).
Google Scholar
Corl, A. et al. The genetic basis of adaptation following plastic changes in coloration in a novel environment. Curr. Biol. 28, 2970–2977.e7 (2018).
Google Scholar
Levis, N. A., Isdaner, A. J. & Pfennig, D. W. Morphological novelty emerges from pre-existing phenotypic plasticity. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 1289–1297 (2018).
Google Scholar
Whitehead, A., Roach, J. L., Zhang, S. & Galvez, F. Genomic mechanisms of evolved physiological plasticity in killifish distributed along an environmental salinity gradient. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 6193–6198 (2011).
Google Scholar
Grant, P. R. & Grant, B. R. Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population (Univ. Chicago Press, 1989).
Huey, R. B. & Berrigan, D. in Animals and Temperature: Phenotypic and Evolutionary Adaptation pp. 205–238 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996).
Blanckenhorn, W. U. Temperature effects on egg size and their fitness consequences in the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria. Evol. Ecol. 14, 627–643 (2000).
Google Scholar
Woods, H. A. & Harrison, J. F. The beneficial acclimation hypothesis versus acclimation of specific traits: physiological change in water-stressed Manduca sexta caterpillars. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74, 32–44 (2001).
Google Scholar
Storz, J. F., Scott, G. R. & Cheviron, Z. A. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 4125–4136 (2010).
Google Scholar
Durmowicz, A. G., Hofmeister, S., Kadyraliev, T. K., Aldashev, A. A. & Stenmark, K. R. Functional and structural adaptation of the yak pulmonary circulation to residence at high altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 74, 2276–2285 (1993).
Google Scholar
Ge, R. L., Kubo, K., Kobayashi, T., Sekiguchi, M. & Honda, T. Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictive response in the rodent Ochotona curzoniae (pika) at high altitude. Am. J. Physiol. Hear. Circ. Physiol. 274, 1792–1799 (1998).
Google Scholar
Sakai, A. et al. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics of blue-sheep, Pseudois nayaur, as high-altitude adapted mammals. Jpn J. Physiol. 53, 377–384 (2003).
Google Scholar
Beall, C. M. Two routes to functional adaptation: Tibetan and andean high-altitude natives. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1, 239–255 (2007).
Velotta, J. P., Ivy, C. M., Wolf, C. J., Scott, G. R. & Cheviron, Z. A. Maladaptive phenotypic plasticity in cardiac muscle growth is suppressed in high-altitude deer mice. Evolution 72, 2712–2727 (2018).
Ho, W. C. & Zhang, J. Evolutionary adaptations to new environments generally reverse plastic phenotypic changes. Nat. Commun. 9, 1–11 (2018).
Google Scholar
Santangelo,J. S., Ruth Rivkin, L. & Johnson, M. T. J. The evolution of city life. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 285, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1529 (2018).
Thompson, K. A., Rieseberg, L. H. & Schluter, D. Speciation and the city. Trends Ecol. Evol. 33, 815–826 (2018).
Google Scholar
Chown, S. L., Slabber, S., McGeoch, M. A., Janion, C. & Leinaas, H. P. Phenotypic plasticity mediates climate change responses among invasive and indigenous arthropods. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 274, 2531–2537 (2007).
Google Scholar
Charmantier, A. et al. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population. Science 320, 800–803 (2008).
Google Scholar
Merilä, J. & Hendry, A. P. Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: the problem and the evidence. Evol. Appl. 7, 1–14 (2014).
Google Scholar
Valladares, F. et al. The effects of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation on forecasts of species range shifts under climate change. Ecol. Lett. 17, 1351–1364 (2014).
Google Scholar
Nicotra, A. B. et al. Plant phenotypic plasticity in a changing climate. Trends Plant Sci. 15, 684–692 (2010).
Google Scholar
Oke, T. City size and the urban heat island. Atmos. Environ. 7, 769–779 (1973).
Google Scholar
Angilletta, M. J. et al. Urban physiology: city ants possess high heat tolerance. PLoS ONE 2, e258 (2007).
Google Scholar
Brans, K. I. et al. The heat is on: genetic adaptation to urbanization mediated by thermal tolerance and body size. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 5218–5227 (2017).
Google Scholar
Diamond, S. E., Chick, L., Perez, A., Strickler, S. A. & Martin, R. A. Rapid evolution of ant thermal tolerance across an urban-rural temperature cline. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 121, 248–257 (2017).
Google Scholar
Hamblin, A. L., Youngsteadt, E. & Frank, S. D. Wild bee abundance declines with urban warming, regardless of floral density. Urban Ecosyst. 21, 419–428 (2018).
Google Scholar
Diamond, S. E., Chick, L. D., Perez, A., Strickler, S. A. & Martin, R. A. Evolution of thermal tolerance and its fitness consequences: parallel and non-parallel responses to urban heat islands across three cities. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 285, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0036 (2018).
Gibert, P., Debat, V. & Ghalambor, C. K. Phenotypic plasticity, global change, and the speed of adaptive evolution. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 35, 34–40 (2019).
Google Scholar
Chick, L. D., Strickler, S. A., Perez, A., Martin, R. A. & Diamond, S. E. Urban heat islands advance the timing of reproduction in a social insect. J. Therm. Biol. 80, 119–125 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pipoly, I., Bókony, V., Seress, G., Szabó, K. & Liker, A. Effects of extreme weather on reproductive success in a temperate-breeding songbird. PLoS ONE 8, e80033 (2013).
Google Scholar
Tiatragul, S., Kurniawan, A., Kolbe, J. J. & Warner, D. A. Embryos of non-native anoles are robust to urban thermal environments. J. Therm. Biol. 65, 119–124 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kaiser, A., Merckx, T. & Van Dyck, H. The urban heat island and its spatial scale dependent impact on survival and development in butterflies of different thermal sensitivity. Ecol. Evol. 6, 4129–4140 (2016).
Google Scholar
Hall, J. M. & Warner, D. A. Thermal spikes from the urban heat island increase mortality and alter physiology of lizard embryos. J. Exp. Biol. 221, jeb181552 (2018).
Google Scholar
Johnson, J. C., Urcuyo, J., Moen, C. & Stevens, D. R. Urban heat island conditions experienced by the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus): extreme heat slows development but results in behavioral accommodations. PLoS ONE 14, 1–13 (2019).
Battles, A. C. & Kolbe, J. J. Miami heat: urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms. Glob. Chang. Biol. 25, 562–576 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hamblin, A. L., Youngsteadt, E., López-Uribe, M. M. & Frank, S. D. Physiological thermal limits predict differential responses of bees to urban heat-island effects. Biol. Lett. 13, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0125 (2017).
Kingsolver, J. G., Diamond, S. E. & Buckley, L. B. Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for terrestrial ectotherms. Funct. Ecol. 27, 1415–1423 (2013).
Google Scholar
Huey, R. B., Hertz, P. E. & Sinervo, B. Behavioral drive versus behavioral inertia in evolution: a null model approach. Am. Nat. 161, 357–366 (2003).
Google Scholar
Bogert, C. M. Thermoregulation in reptiles, a factor in evolution. Evolution 3, 195–211 (1949).
Google Scholar
Wingfield, J. C. & Sapolsky, R. M. Reproduction and resistance to stress: when and how. J. Neuroendocrinol. 15, 711–724 (2003).
Google Scholar
Angilletta, M. J. Looking for answers to questions about heat stress: researchers are getting warmer. Funct. Ecol. 23, 231–232 (2009).
Google Scholar
James, C. D., Whitford, W. G., James, C. D. & Whitford, W. G. An experimental study of phenotypic plasticity in the clutch size of a lizard. Oikos 70, 49–56 (1994).
Google Scholar
Sorci, G., Clobert, J. & Belichon, S. Phenotypic plasticity of growth and survival in the common lizard Lacerta vivipara. J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 781 (1996).
Google Scholar
Jordan, M. A. & Snell, H. L. Life history trade-offs and phenotypic plasticity in the reproduction of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus delanonis). Oecologia 130, 44–52 (2002).
Google Scholar
Gilbert, A. L. & Miles, D. B. Antagonistic responses of exposure to sublethal temperatures: adaptive phenotypic plasticity coincides with a reduction in organismal performance. Am. Nat. 194, 344–355 (2019).
Google Scholar
Campbell-Staton, S. C. et al. Parallel selection on thermal physiology facilitates repeated adaptation of city lizards to urban heat islands. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 652–658 (2020).
Google Scholar
Herrel, A., Vanhooydonck, B., Porck, J. & Irschick, D. Anatomical basis of differences in locomotor behavior in Anolis lizards: a comparison between two ecomorphs. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 159, 213–238 (2008).
Google Scholar
Anderson, C. V. & Roberts, T. J. The need for speed: functional specializations of locomotor and feeding muscles in Anolis lizards. J. Exp. Biol. 223, 1–9 (2020).
Cowles, R. & Bogert, C. A preliminary study of the thermal requirements of desert reptiles. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83, 265–296 (1944).
Lutterschmidt, W. I. & Hutchison, V. H. The critical thermal maximum: data to support the onset of spasms as the definitive end point. Can. J. Zool. 75, 1553–1560 (1997).
Google Scholar
Langfelder, P. & Horvath, S. WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 9, 559 (2008).
Google Scholar
Cardiello, J. F., Goodrich, J. A. & Kugel, J. F. Heat shock causes a reversible increase in RNA polymerase II occupancy downstream of mRNA genes, consistent with a global loss in transcriptional termination. Mol. Cell. Biol. 38, 1–18 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sandaltzopoulos, R. & Becker, P. B. Heat shock factor increases the reinitiation rate from potentiated chromatin templates. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 361–367 (1998).
Google Scholar
Velichko, A. K., Petrova, N. V., Kantidze, O. L. & Razin, S. V. Dual effect of heat shock on DNA replication and genome integrity. Mol. Biol. Cell. 23, 3450–3460 (2012).
Google Scholar
Barreiro, L. B., Laval, G., Quach, H., Patin, E. & Quintana-Murci, L. Natural selection has driven population differentiation in modern humans. Nat. Genet. 40, 340–345 (2008).
Google Scholar
Huey, R. B. & Webster, T. P. Thermal biology of Anolis lizards in a complex fauna: the Christatellus group on Puerto Rico. Ecology 57, 985–994 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941063 (1976).
Gorman, G. C. & Hillman, S. Physiological basis for climatic niche partitioning in two species of Puerto Rican Anolis (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). J. Herp 11, 337–340 (1977).
Google Scholar
Gunderson, A. R., Mahler, D. L. & Leal, M. Thermal niche evolution across replicated Anolis lizard adaptive radiations. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 285, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2241 (2018).
McKechnie, A. E. & Wolf, B. O. Climate change increases the likelihood of catastrophic avian mortality events during extreme heat waves. Biol. Lett. 6, 253–256 (2010).
Google Scholar
Huey, R. B., Losos, J. B. & Moritz, C. Are lizards toast? Science 328, 832–833 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ghalambor, C. K. et al. Non-adaptive plasticity potentiates rapid adaptive evolution of gene expression in nature. Nature 525, 372–375 (2015).
Google Scholar
Van Gestel, J. & Weissing, F. J. Is plasticity caused by single genes? Nature 555, E19–E20 (2018).
Google Scholar
Turchin, M. C. et al. Evidence of widespread selection on standing variation in Europe at height-associated SNPs. Nat. Genet. 44, 1015–1019 (2012).
Google Scholar
Guo, J. et al. Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans. Nat. Commun. 9, 1–9 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mallard, F., Jakšic´, A. M. & Schlötterer, C. Contesting the evidence for non-adaptive plasticity. Nature 555, E21–E22 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ghalambor, C. K. et al. Reply to Ghalambor et al. Nature 555, E29 (2015).
Perrier, C., Caizergues, A. & Charmantier, A. in Urban Evolutionary Biology (eds. Szulkin, M., Munshi-South, J. & Charmantier, A.) pp. 74–90 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2020).
Lambert, M. R., Brans, K. I., Des Roches, S., Donihue, C. M. & Diamond, S. E. Adaptive evolution in cities: progress and misconceptions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 36, 239–257 (2021).
Google Scholar
Grether, G. F. Environmental change, phenotypic plasticity, and genetic compensation. Am. Nat. 166, https://doi.org/10.1086/432023 (2005).
Velotta, J. P. & Cheviron, Z. A. Remodeling ancestral phenotypic plasticity in local adaptation: a new framework to explore the role of genetic compensation in the evolution of homeostasis. Integr. Comp. Biol. 58, 1098–1110 (2018).
Google Scholar
Fischer, E. K., Ghalambor, C. K. & Hoke, K. L. Can a network approach resolve how adaptive vs nonadaptive plasticity impacts evolutionary trajectories? Integr. Comp. Biol. 56, 877–888 (2016).
Google Scholar
Huang, Y. & Agrawal, A. F. Experimental evolution of gene expression and plasticity in alternative selective regimes. PLoS Genet. 12, 1–23 (2016).
Leonard, A. M. & Lancaster, L. T. Maladaptive plasticity facilitates evolution of thermal tolerance during an experimental range shift. BMC Evol. Biol. 20, 1–11 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kearney, M., Shine, R. & Porter, W. P. The potential for behavioral thermoregulation to buffer “cold-blooded” animals against climate warming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3835–3840 (2009).
Huey, R. B. & Tewksbury, J. J. Can behavior douse the fire of climate warming? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3647–3648 (2009).
Google Scholar
Winchell, K. M., Reynolds, R. G., Prado-irwin, S. R., Puente-rol, A. R. & Revell, L. J. Phenotypic shifts in urban areas in the tropical lizard Anolis cristatellus. Evolution 70, 1009–1022 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. & Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114–2120 (2014).
Google Scholar
Alföldi, J. et al. The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals. Nature 477, 587–91 (2011).
Google Scholar
Kim, D. et al. TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol. 14, R36 (2013).
Google Scholar
Reimand, J. et al. g:Profiler—web-based toolset for functional profiling of gene lists from large-scale experiments. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 193–200 (2007).
Google Scholar
Robinson, M. D., Mccarthy, D. J. & Smyth, G. K. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics 26, 139–140 (2010).
Google Scholar
Dobin, A. et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29, 15–21 (2013).
Google Scholar
McKenna, D. M. et al. The genome analysis toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 20, 1297–1303 (2010).
Catchen, J., Hohenlohe, P. A., Bassham, S., Amores, A. & Cresko, W. A. Stacks: an analysis tool set for population genomics. Mol. Ecol. 22, 3124–3140 (2013).
Google Scholar
Danecek, P. et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics 27, 2156–2158 (2011).
Google Scholar
R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, https://www.r-project.org (2017).
Kembel, S. W. et al. Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology. Bioinformatics 26, 1463–1464 (2010).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com