Sibomana, M. S., Workneh, T. S. & Audain, K. A review of postharvest handling and losses in the fresh tomato supply chain: A focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. Food Secur. 8, 389–404 (2016).
Ochilo, W. N. et al. Characteristics and production constraints of smallholder tomato production in Kenya. Sci. Afr. 2, e00014 (2019).
Pratt, C. F., Constantine, K. L. & Murphy, S. T. Economic impacts of invasive alien species on African smallholder livelihoods. Glob. Food Sec. 14, 31–37 (2017).
Aigbedion-Atalor, P. O. et al. The South America tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), spreads its wings in Eastern Africa: distribution and socioeconomic impacts. J. Econ. Entomol. 112, 2797–2807 (2019).
Google Scholar
Brévault, T., Sylla, S., Diatte, M., Bernadas, G. & Diarra, K. Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): A new threat to tomato production in sub-Saharan Africa. African Entomol. 22, 441–444 (2014).
Guedes, R. N. C. & Picanço, M. C. The tomato borer Tuta absoluta in South America: Pest status, management and insecticide resistance. EPPO Bull. 42, 211–216 (2012).
Desneux, N. et al. Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control. J. Pest Sci. 83, 197–215 (2010).
Abbes, K., Harbi, A. & Chermiti, B. The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Tunisia: Current status and management strategies. EPPO Bull. 42, 226–233 (2012).
Biondi, A., Guedes, R. N. C., Wan, F.-H. & Desneux, N. Ecology, worldwide spread, and management of the invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta: past, present, and future. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 63, 239–258 (2018).
Google Scholar
Niassy, S., Ekesi, S., Migiro, L. & Otieno, W. Sustainable management of invasive pests in Africa. (Springer International Publishing, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41083-4.
Mansour, R. et al. Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of Tuta absoluta in Africa. Entomol. Gen. 38, 83–112 (2018).
Lietti, M. M. M., Botto, E. & Alzogaray, R. A. Insecticide resistance in Argentine populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotrop. Entomol. 34, 113–119 (2005).
Guedes, R. N. C. C. et al. Insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta: patterns, spread, mechanisms, management and outlook. J. Pest Sci. 92, 1329–1342 (2019).
APRD. Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database, Michigan State University. https://www.pesticideresistance.org/display.php?pa.
Lichtenberg, E. & Zimmerman, R. Adverse health experiences, environmental attitudes, and pesticide usage behavior of farm operators. Risk Anal. 19, 283–294 (1999).
Google Scholar
Soares, M. A. et al. Botanical insecticide and natural enemies: a potential combination for pest management against Tuta absoluta. J. Pest Sci. 92, 1433–1443 (2019).
Aigbedion-Atalor, P. O. et al. Host stage preference and performance of Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a candidate for classical biological control of Tuta absoluta in Africa. Biol. Control 144, 1–8 (2020).
Akutse, K. S., Subramanian, S., Khamis, F. M., Ekesi, S. & Mohamed, S. A. Entomopathogenic fungus isolates for adult Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) management and their compatibility with Tuta pheromone. J. Appl. Entomol. 1–11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12812.
Agbessenou, A. et al. Endophytic fungi protect tomato and nightshade plants against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) through a hidden friendship and cryptic battle. Sci. Rep. 10, 22195 (2020).
Google Scholar
Lacey, L. A. et al. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 132, 1–41 (2015).
Google Scholar
Chandler, D. et al. The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for integrated pest management. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 366, 1987–1998 (2011).
Shang, Y., Feng, P. & Wang, C. Fungi that infect insects: Altering host behavior and beyond. PLoS Pathog. 11, 1–6 (2015).
Bayissa, W. et al. Selection of fungal isolates for virulence against three aphid pest species of crucifers and okra. J. Pest Sci. 90, 355–368 (2017).
Jackson, M. A., Dunlap, C. A. & Jaronski, S. T. Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol. Biocontrol 55, 129–145 (2010).
Fang, W., Azimzadeh, P. & St. Leger, R. J. Strain improvement of fungal insecticides for controlling insect pests and vector-borne diseases. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 15, 232–238 (2012).
Tumuhaise, V. et al. Temperature-dependent growth and virulence, and mass production potential of two candidate isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin for managing Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea. African Entomol. 26, 73–83 (2018).
Onsongo, S. K., Gichimu, B. M., Akutse, K. S., Dubois, T. & Mohamed, S. A. Performance of three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and their virulence against Zeugodacus cucurbitae under different temperature regimes, with global extrapolation of their efficiency. Insects 10, 1–13 (2019).
Dimbi, S., Maniania, N. K., Lux, S. A. & Mueke, J. M. Effect of constant temperatures on germination, radial growth and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae to three species of African tephritid fruit flies. Biocontrol 49, 83–94 (2004).
Ekesi, S., Maniania, N. K. & Lux, S. A. Effect of soil temperature and moisture on survival and infectivity of Metarhizium anisopliae to four tephritid fruit fly puparia. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83, 157–167 (2003).
Google Scholar
Jaronski, S. T. Ecological factors in the inundative use of fungal entomopathogens. Biocontrol 55, 159–185 (2010).
Klass, J. I., Blanford, S. & Thomas, M. B. Development of a model for evaluating the effects of environmental temperature and thermal behaviour on biological control of locusts and grasshoppers using pathogens. Agric. For. Entomol. 9, 189–199 (2007).
Klass, J. I., Blanford, S. & Thomas, M. B. Use of a geographic information system to explore spatial variation in pathogen virulence and the implications for biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Agric. For. Entomol. 9, 201–208 (2007).
Allen, C. & Mehler, D. M. A. Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and beyond. Plos Biol. 17, 1–14 (2019).
McCammon, S. A. & Rath, A. C. Separation of Metarhizium anisopliae strains by temperature dependent germination rates. Mycol. Res. 98, 1253–1257 (1994).
Ekesi, S., Maniania, N. K. & Ampong-Nyarko, K. Effect of temperature on germination, radial growth and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on Megalurothrips sjostedti. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 9, 177–185 (1999).
De Croos, J. N. A. & Bidochka, M. J. Effects of low temperature on growth parameters in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Can. J. Microbiol. 45, 1055–1061 (1999).
Dahlberg, K. R. & Etten, J. L. V. Physiology and biochemistry of fungal sporulation. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 20, 281–301 (1982).
Google Scholar
Hywel-Jones, N. L. & Gillespie, A. T. Effect of temperature on spore germination in Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Mycol. Res. 94, 389–392 (1990).
Acheampong, M. A., Coombes, C. A., Moore, S. D. & Hill, M. P. Temperature tolerance and humidity requirements of select entomopathogenic fungal isolates for future use in citrus IPM programmes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 174, 107436 (2020).
Allen, P. J. Metabolic aspects of spores germination in fungi. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 3, 313–342 (1965).
Google Scholar
de Campos, M. R. et al. Thermal biology of Tuta absoluta: demographic parameters and facultative diapause. J. Pest Sci. (2004). (2020) doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01286-8.
Vidal, C., Fargues, J. & Lacey, L. A. Intraspecific variability of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus: Effect of temperature on vegetative growth. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 70, 18–26 (1997).
Smits, N., Brière, J.-F. & Fargues, J. Comparison of non-linear temperature-dependent development rate models applied to in vitro growth of entomopathogenic fungi. Mycol. Res. 107, 1476–1484 (2003).
Google Scholar
Cabanillas, H. E. & Jones, W. A. Effects of temperature and culture media on vegetative growth of an entomopathogenic fungus Isaria sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) naturally affecting the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in Texas. Mycopathologia 167, 263–271 (2009).
Guimapi, R. A. et al. Decision support system for fitting and mapping nonlinear functions with application to insect pest management in the biological control context. Algorithms 13, 1–21 (2020).
Smith, J. D. et al. Host range of the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on solanaceous crops and Weeds in Tanzania. Florida Entomol. 101, 573–579 (2018).
Tumuhaise, V., Khamis, F. M., Agona, A., Sseruwu, G. & Mohamed, S. A. First record of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Uganda. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 36, 135–139 (2016).
Kassa, A., Brownbridge, M., Parker, B. L. & Skinner, M. Whey for mass production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycol. Res. 112, 583–591 (2008).
Google Scholar
Jenkins, N. E., Heviefo, G., Langewald, J., Cherry, A. J. & Lomer, C. J. Development of mass production technology for aerial conidia for use as mycopesticides. Biocontrol News Inf. 19, 21–32 (1998).
Barra, P., Barros, G., Etcheverry, M. & Nesci, A. Mass production studies in solid substrates with the entomopathogenic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum. Int. J. Adv. Agric. Res. 6, 78–84 (2018).
Jackson, M. A. Optimizing nutritional conditions for the liquid culture production of effective fungal biological control agents. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19, 180–187 (1997).
Google Scholar
Goettel, M. S. & Inglis, D. G. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012432555-5/50013-0 (1997).
Google Scholar
Fargues, J., Maniania, N., Delmas, J. & Smits, N. Influence de la température sur la croissance in vitro d’hyphomycètes entomopathogènes. Agronomie 12, 557–564 (1992).
Santana, P. A., Kumar, L., Da Silva, R. S. & Picanço, M. C. Global geographic distribution of Tuta absoluta as affected by climate change. J. Pest Sci. 92, 1373–1385 (2018).
Migiro, L. N., Maniania, N. K., Chabi-Olaye, A. & Vandenberg, J. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates to the adult pea leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and prospects of an autoinoculation device for infection in the field. Environ. Entomol. 39, 468–475 (2010).
Google Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B. D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A. P. & Mackauer, M. Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. J. Appl. Ecol. 11, 431–438 (1974).
Brière, J.-F., Pracros, P., Le Roux, A.-Y. & Pierre, J.-S. A novel rate model of temperature-dependent development for arthropods. Environ. Entomol. 28, 22–29 (1999).
Archontoulis, S. V. & Miguez, F. E. Nonlinear regression models and applications in agricultural research. Agron. J. 107, 786–798 (2015).
Logan, J. A., Wollkind, D. J., Hoyt, S. C. & Tanigoshi, L. K. An analytic model for description of temperature dependent rate phenomena in arthropods. Environ. Entomol. 5, 1133–1140 (1976).
Steiniger, S. & Hunter, A. J. S. Free and open source GIS software for building a spatial data infrastructure. in Geospatial Free and Open Source Software in the 21st Century 247–261 (2012).
Abbott, W. S. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18, 265–267 (1925).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/. (2019).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
