Priddel, D. & Carlile, N. J. An artificial nest box for burrow-nesting seabirds. Emu-Austral Ornithol. 95, 290–294 (1995).
Google Scholar
Burton, N. H., Evans, P. R. & Robinson, M. A. Effects on shorebird numbers of disturbance, the loss of a roost site and its replacement by an artificial island at Hartlepool, Cleveland. Biol. Conserv. 77, 193–201 (1996).
Google Scholar
Chambers, C. L., Alm, V., Siders, M. S. & Rabe, M. J. Use of artificial roosts by forest-dwelling bats in northern Arizona. Wildl. Soc. B 30, 1085–1091 (2002).
Lausen, C. L. & Barclay, R. M. Benefits of living in a building: Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in rocks versus buildings. J. Mammal. 87, 362–370 (2006).
Google Scholar
Kelm, D. H., Wiesner, K. R. & Helversen, O. V. Effects of artificial roosts for frugivorous bats on seed dispersal in a Neotropical forest pasture mosaic. Biol. Conserv. 22, 733–741 (2008).
Google Scholar
Agnelli, P., Maltagliati, G., Ducci, L. & Cannicci, S. J. H. Artificial roosts for bats: education and research. The” Be a bat’s friend” project of the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence. Ital. J. Mammal. 22, 733–741 (2010).
Rueegger, N. Bat boxes: A review of their use and application, past, present and future. Acta Chiropterol. 18, 279–299 (2016).
Google Scholar
Brittingham, M. C. & Williams, L. M. Bat boxes as alternative roosts for displaced bat maternity colonies. Wildl. Soc. B 28, 197–207 (2000).
Lambrechts, M. M. et al. Nest box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies: A review. J. Ornithol. 153, 23–34 (2012).
Google Scholar
Easterling, D. R. et al. Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 81, 417–426 (2000).
Google Scholar
Welbergen, J. A., Klose, S. M., Markus, N. & Eby, P. Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 419–425 (2008).
Google Scholar
Adams, R. A. Bat reproduction declines when conditions mimic climate change projections for western North America. Ecology 91, 2437–2445 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ratti, J. T. & Reese, K. P. J. T. Preliminary test of the ecological trap hypothesis. J. Wildl. Manage 52, 484–491 (1988).
Google Scholar
Flaquer, C. et al. Could overheating turn bat boxes into death traps. Barb 7, 46–53 (2014).
Bideguren, G. M. et al. Bat boxes and climate change: Testing the risk of over-heating in the Mediterranean region. Biodivers. Conserv. 28, 21–35 (2019).
Google Scholar
Griffiths, S. R. et al. Surface reflectance drives nest box temperature profiles and thermal suitability for target wildlife. PLoS ONE 12, e0176951 (2017).
Google Scholar
Rowland, J. A., Briscoe, N. J. & Handasyde, K. A. Comparing the thermal suitability of nest-boxes and tree-hollows for the conservation-management of arboreal marsupials. Biol. Conserv. 209, 341–348 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zahn, A. Reproductive success, colony size and roost temperature in attic-dwelling bat Myotis myotis. J. Zool. 247, 275–280 (1999).
Google Scholar
Ruczyński, I. Influence of temperature on maternity roost selection by noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) and Leisler’s bats (N. leisleri) in Białowieża Primeval Forest Poland. Can. J. Zool. 84, 900–907 (2006).
Google Scholar
Wilcox, A. & Willis, C. K. Energetic benefits of enhanced summer roosting habitat for little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) recovering from white-nose syndrome. Conserv. Physiol. 4, 070 (2016).
Google Scholar
Thiollay, J.-M. Comparative foraging success of insectivorous birds in tropical and temperate forests: Ecological implications. Oikos 53, 17–30 (1988).
Google Scholar
Ransome, R. Population changes of greater horseshoe bats studied near Bristol over the past twenty-six years. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 38, 71–82 (1989).
Google Scholar
O’Shea, T. J. et al. Recruitment in a Colorado population of big brown bats: Breeding probabilities, litter size, and first-year survival. J. Mammal. 91, 418–428 (2010).
Google Scholar
Nurul-Ain, E., Rosli, H. & Kingston, T. Resource availability and roosting ecology shape reproductive phenology of rain forest insectivorous bats. Biotropica 49, 382–394 (2017).
Google Scholar
Racey, P. Environmental factors affecting the length of gestation in heterothermic bats. J. Reprod. Fertil. 19, 175–189 (1973).
Google Scholar
Racey, P. & Swift, S. M. Variations in gestation length in a colony of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) from year to year. J. Reprod. Fertil. 61, 123–129 (1981).
Google Scholar
Wilde, C. J., Knight, C. H. & Racey, P. A. Influence of torpor on milk protein composition and secretion in lactating bats. J. Exp. Zool. A 284, 35–41 (1999).
Google Scholar
Beer, J. R. & Richards, A. G. Hibernation of the big brown bat. J. Mammal. 37, 31–41 (1956).
Google Scholar
Pagels, J. F. Temperature regulation, body weight and changes in total body fat of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala (Le Conte). Comp. Biochem. Phys. A 50, 237–246 (1975).
Google Scholar
Henry, M., Thomas, D. W., Vaudry, R. & Carrier, M. Foraging distances and home range of pregnant and lactating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). J. Mammal. 83, 767–774 (2002).
Google Scholar
Studier, E. H. & O’Farrell, M. J. Biology of Myotis thysanodes and M. lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)—III. Metabolism, heart rate, breathing rate, evaporative water loss and general energetics. Comp. Biochem. Phys. A 54, 423–432 (1976).
Google Scholar
Henry, M. Étude de l’écologie d’une population de petites chauves-souris brunes (Myotis Lucifugus) en vue d’un programme de conservation. Master’s thesis. Sherbrooke University. https://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4513 (2001).
Flaquer, C., Torre, I. & Ruiz-Jarillo, R. The value of bat-boxes in the conservation of Pipistrellus pygmaeus in wetland rice paddies. Biol. Conserv. 128, 223–230 (2006).
Google Scholar
Mickleburgh, S. P., Hutson, A. M. & Racey, P. A. A review of the global conservation status of bats. Oryx 36, 18–34 (2002).
Google Scholar
Boyles, J. G., Cryan, P. M., McCracken, G. F. & Kunz, T. H. Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science 332, 41–42 (2011).
Google Scholar
Barclay, R. M., Harder, L. D., Kunz, T. & Fenton, M. Life histories of bats: life in the slow lane. In Bat Ecology (eds Kunz, T. & Fenton, M.) 209–253 (The University of Chicago Press, 2003).
Keen, R. & Hitchcock, H. B. Survival and longevity of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in southeastern Ontario. J. Mammal. 61, 1–7 (1980).
Google Scholar
Kunz, T. H. Censusing bats: challenges, solutions, and sampling biases in Monitoring Trends in Bat Populations of the United States and Territories: Problems and Prospects (Eds TJ O’Shea, and MA Bogan). 9–20 (US Geological Survey, Sciences Division, Biological Resources Discipline, Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2003–003, 2003).
Campbell, L. A., Hallett, J. G. & O’Connell, M. A. Conservation of bats in managed forests: Use of roosts by Lasionycteris noctivagans. J. Mammal. 77, 976–984 (1996).
Google Scholar
Entwistle, A., Racey, P. & Speakman, J. R. Roost selection by the brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus. J. Appl. Ecol. 34, 399–408 (1997).
Google Scholar
Kerth, G., Weissmann, K. & König, B. Day roost selection in female Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii): A field experiment to determine the influence of roost temperature. Oecologia 126, 1–9 (2001).
Google Scholar
Lourenço, S. I. & Palmeirim, J. M. Influence of temperature in roost selection by Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Chiroptera): Relevance for the design of bat boxes. Biol. Conserv. 2, 237–243 (2004).
Google Scholar
Webber, Q. M. & Willis, C. K. An experimental test of effects of ambient temperature and roost quality on aggregation by little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). J. Therm. Biol. 74, 174–180 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mering, E. D. & Chambers, C. L. Thinking outside the box: A review of artificial roosts for bats. Wildl. Soc. B 38, 741–751 (2014).
Google Scholar
Mackintosh, M. Bats and licensing: A report on the success of maternity roost compensation measures. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 928. https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/Publication%202016%20-%20SNH%20Commissioned%20Report%20928%20-%20Bats%20and%20Licensing%20-%20A%20report%20on%20the%20success%20of%20maternity%20roost%20compensation%20measures.pdf (2016).
López-Baucells, A. et al. Bat boxes in urban non-native forests: A popular practice that should be reconsidered. Urban Ecosyst. 20, 217–225 (2017).
Google Scholar
Neilson, A. L. & Fenton, M. B. Responses of little brown myotis to exclusion and to bat houses. Wildl. Soc. B 22, 8–14 (1994).
White, E. P. Factors affecting bat house occupancy in Colorado. Southwest Nat. 49, 344–349 (2004).
Google Scholar
Michaelsen, T. C., Jensen, K. H. & Högstedt, G. R. Roost site selection in pregnant and lactating soprano pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pygmaeus Leach, 1825) at the species northern extreme: The importance of warm and safe roosts. Acta Chiropterol. 16, 349–357 (2014).
Google Scholar
Bartonicka, T. & Řehák, Z. Influence of the microclimate of bat boxes on their occupation by the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus: Possible cause of roost switching. Acta Chiropterol. 9, 517–526 (2007).
Google Scholar
Ralegaonkar, R. V. & Gupta, R. Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 14, 2238–2242 (2010).
Google Scholar
Morrissey, J., Moore, T. & Horne, R. E. Affordable passive solar design in a temperate climate: An experiment in residential building orientation. Renew. Energy 36, 568–577 (2011).
Google Scholar
Sodha, M. S., Bansal, N. K., Bansal, P. K., Kumar, A., and Malik, M. Solar passive building: Science and Design (ed. Ilustrated), (Pergamon Press, 1986).
Griffiths, S. R. et al. Bat boxes are not a silver bullet conservation tool. Mammal. Rev. 47, 261–265 (2017).
Google Scholar
Arias, M., Gignoux-Wolfsohn, S., Kerwin, K. & Maslo, B. Use of artificial roost boxes installed as alternative habitat for bats evicted from buildings. Northeast Nat. 27, 201–214 (2020).
Google Scholar
Tuttle, M. D., Kiser, M. & Kiser, S. The Bat House Builder’s handbook (Eds Tuttle, M. D., Kiser, M. & Kiser, S.). (University of Texas Press, 2005).
Kiser, M. & Kiser, S. A decade of bat house discovery. Bat House Res. 12, 1–12 (2004).
Long, R., Kiser, W. & Kiser, S. Well-placed bat houses can attract bats to Central Valley farms. Calif. Agric. 60, 91–94 (2006).
Google Scholar
Dillingham, C. P., Cross, S. P. & Dillingham, P. W. Two environmental factors that influence usage of bat houses in managed forests of southwest Oregon. Northwest Nat. 84, 20–23 (2003).
Google Scholar
Horncastle, V., Frary, V., Ingraldi, M. P. Progress report—forest-dwelling bat responses to forest restoration (Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2008).
Ardia, D. R., Pérez, J. H. & Clotfelter, E. D. Nest box orientation affects internal temperature and nest site selection by Tree Swallows. J. Field. Ornithol. 77, 339–344 (2006).
Google Scholar
Hooge, P. N., Stanback, M. T. & Koenig, W. D. Nest-site selection in the Acorn Woodpecker. Auk 116, 45–54 (1999).
Google Scholar
Wiebe, K. L. Microclimate of tree cavity nests: Is it important for reproductive success in Northern Flickers?. Auk 118, 412–421 (2001).
Google Scholar
Godinho, L. N., Lumsden, L. F., Coulson, G. & Griffiths, S. R. Flexible roost selection by Gould’s wattled bats (Chalinolobus gouldii) using bat boxes in an urban landscape. Aust. J. Zool. 10, e1071 (2020).
Goldingay, R. L., Rueegger, N. N., Grimson, M. J. & Taylor, B. D. Specific nest box designs can improve habitat restoration for cavity-dependent arboreal mammals. Restor. Ecol. 23, 482–490 (2015).
Google Scholar
Summers, R. & Taylor, W. Use by tits of nest boxes of different designs in pinewoods. Bird Study 43, 138–141 (1996).
Google Scholar
Hoeh, J. P. S., Bakken, G. S., Mitchell, W. A. & O’Keefe, J. M. In artificial roost comparison, bats show preference for rocket box style. PLoS ONE 13, e0205701 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rueegger, N., Goldingay, R., Law, B. & Gonsalves, L. Testing multichambered bat box designs in a habitat-offset area in eastern Australia: Influence of material, colour, size and box host. Pac. Conserv. Biol. 26, 13–21 (2020).
Google Scholar
Campbell, S., Coulson, G. & Lumsden, L. F. Divergent microclimates in artificial and natural roosts of the large-footed myotis (Myotis macropus). Acta Chiropterol. 12, 173–185 (2010).
Google Scholar
Bat Conservation International, Bat houses https://www.batcon.org/about-bats/bat-houses/ (2021).
Geiser, F. & Drury, R. L. Radiant heat affects thermoregulation and energy expenditure during rewarming from torpor. J. Comp. Physiol. B 173, 55–60 (2003).
Google Scholar
Turbill, C., Körtner, G. & Geiser, F. Natural use of heterothermy by a small, tree-roosting bat during summer. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76, 868–876 (2003).
Google Scholar
Dzal, Y. A. & Brigham, R. M. The tradeoff between torpor use and reproduction in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). J. Comp. Physiol. B 183, 279–288 (2013).
Google Scholar
Speakman, J. R., Thomas, D. W., Kunz, T. & Fenton, M. B. Physiological ecology and energetics of bats. in Bat Ecology (Eds Kunz, T. & Fenton, M. B.). 430–490 (The University of Chicago Press, 2003).
Besler, N. K. & Broders, H. G. Combinations of reproductive, individual, and weather effects best explain torpor patterns among female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Ecol. Evol. 9, 5158–5171 (2019).
Google Scholar
Willis, C. K. & Brigham, R. M. Social thermoregulation exerts more influence than microclimate on forest roost preferences by a cavity-dwelling bat. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 62, 97–108 (2007).
Google Scholar
Kurta, A., Bell, G. P., Nagy, K. A. & Kunz, T. H. Energetics of pregnancy and lactation in freeranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Physiol. Zool. 62, 804–818 (1989).
Google Scholar
Lewis, S. E. Roost fidelity of bats: A review. J. Mammal. 76, 481–496 (1995).
Google Scholar
Kerth, G. & Konig, B. Fission, fusion and nonrandom associations in female Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii). Behaviour 136, 1187–1202 (1999).
Google Scholar
Boye, P. & Dietz, M. Development of good practice guidelines for woodland management for bats. English Nature Report to The Bat Conservation Trust (2005).
Fukui, D., Okazaki, K., Miyazaki, M. & Maeda, K. The effect of roost environment on roost selection by non-reproductive and dispersing Asian parti-coloured bats Vespertilio sinensis. Mammal. Stud. 35, 99–109 (2010).
Google Scholar
Fabianek, F., Simard, M. A., Racine, E. B. & Desrochers, A. Selection of roosting habitat by male Myotis bats in a boreal forest. Can. J. Zool. 93, 539–546 (2015).
Google Scholar
Hamilton, I. M. & Barclay, R. M. Patterns of daily torpor and day-roost selection by male and female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Can. J. Zool. 72, 744–749 (1994).
Google Scholar
Grinevitch, L., Holroyd, S. & Barclay, R. Sex differences in the use of daily torpor and foraging time by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during the reproductive season. J. Zool. 235, 301–309 (1995).
Google Scholar
Dietz, M. & Kalko, E. K. Seasonal changes in daily torpor patterns of free-ranging female and male Daubenton’s bats (Myotis daubentonii). J. Comp. Physiol. B 176, 223–231 (2006).
Google Scholar
Barclay, R. M. Night roosting behavior of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus. J. Mammal. 63, 464–474 (1982).
Google Scholar
Jonasson, K. A. & Willis, C. K. R. Changes in body condition of hibernating bats support the thrifty female hypothesis and predict consequences for populations with white-nose syndrome. PLoS ONE 6, e21061 (2011).
Google Scholar
Willis, C. R., Turbill, C. & Geiser, F. Torpor and thermal energetics in a tiny Australian vespertilionid, the little forest bat (Vespadelus vulturnus). J. Comp. Physiol. B 175, 479–486 (2005).
Google Scholar
Hock, R. J. The metabolic rates and body temperatures of bats. Biol. Bull. 101, 475–479 (1951).
Google Scholar
Humphries, M. M., Thomas, D. W. & Speakman, J. R. Climate-mediated energetic constraints on the distribution of hibernating mammals. Nature 418, 313–316 (2002).
Google Scholar
Humphries, M.M., Speakman, J.R., & Thomas, D.W. Temperature, hibernation energetics, and the cave and continental distributions of little brown myotis. in Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Bats (Zubaid, A., McCracken, G.F., Kunz, T.H.). 23–37 (Oxford University Press, 2005).
Thomas, D. W., Dorais, M. & Bergeron, J. Winter energy budget and cost of arousals for hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. J. Mammal. 71, 475–479 (1990).
Google Scholar
Stones, R. C. & Wiebers, J. E. A review of temperature regulation in bats (Chiroptera). Am. Midl. Nat. 74, 155–167 (1965).
Google Scholar
Campbell, K. L., McIntyre, I. W. & MacArthur, R. W. Postprandial heat increment does not substitute for active thermogenesis in cold challenged star-nosed moles (Condylura cristata). J. Exp. Biol. 203, 301–310 (2000).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
