Behrenfeld MJ, Boss ES. Student’s tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles. Glob Chang Biol. 2018;24:55–77.
Google Scholar
Suttle CA. Marine viruses—major players in the global ecosystem. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:801–12.
Google Scholar
Calbet A, Landry MR. Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton grazing, and carbon cycling in marine systems. Limnol Oceanogr. 2004;49:51–7.
Google Scholar
Baudoux A-C, Noordeloos AAM, Veldhuis MJW, Brussaard CPD. Virally induced mortality of Phaeocystis globosa during two spring blooms in temperate coastal waters. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2006;44:207–17.
Google Scholar
Vardi A, Haramaty L, Van Mooy BAS, Fredricks HF, Kimmance SA, Larsen A, et al. Host-virus dynamics and subcellular controls of cell fate in a natural coccolithophore population. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109:19327–32.
Google Scholar
Mojica KDA, Huisman J, Wilhelm SW, Brussaard CPD. Latitudinal variation in virus-induced mortality of phytoplankton across the North Atlantic Ocean. ISME J. 2016;10:500–13.
Google Scholar
Safi KA, Brian Griffiths F, Hall JA. Microzooplankton composition, biomass and grazing rates along the WOCE SR3 line between Tasmania and Antarctica. Deep Sea Res Part I Oceanogr Res Pap. 2007;54:1025–41.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Kuipers B, Veldhuis MJW. A mesocosm study of Phaeocystis globosa population dynamics I. Regulatory role of viruses in bloom control. Harmful Algae. 2005;4:859–74.
Google Scholar
Bratbak G, Egge JK, Heldal M. Viral mortality of the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae) and termination of algal blooms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1993;93:39–48.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Mari X, Van Bleijswijk JDL, Veldhuis MJW. A mesocosm study of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) population dynamics: II. Significance for the microbial community. Harmful Algae. 2005;4:875–93.
Google Scholar
Wilhelm SW, Suttle CA. Viruses and nutrient cycles in the sea. Bioscience. 1999;49:781–8.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Timmermans KR, Uitz J, Veldhuis MJW. Virioplankton dynamics and virally induced phytoplankton lysis versus microzooplankton grazing southeast of the Kerguelen (Southern Ocean). Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2008;55:752–65.
Google Scholar
Weitz JS, Wilhelm SW. Ocean viruses and their effects on microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles. F1000 Biol Rep. 2012;4:2–9.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Martínez J. Algal bloom viruses. Plant Viruses. 2008;2:1–13.
Nagasaki K. Dinoflagellates, diatoms, and their viruses. J Microbiol. 2008;46:235–43.
Google Scholar
Coy SR, Gann ER, Pound HL, Short SM, Wilhelm SW. Viruses of eukaryotic algae: diversity, methods for detection, and future directions. Viruses. 2018;10:487.
Google Scholar
Muhling M, Fuller NJ, Millard A, Somerfield PJ, Marie D, Wilson WH, et al. Genetic diversity of marine Synechococcus and co-occurring cyanophage communities: Evidence for viral control of phytoplankton. Environ Microbiol. 2005;7:499–508.
Google Scholar
Haaber J, Middelboe M. Viral lysis of Phaeocystis pouchetii: Implications for algal population dynamics and heterotrophic C, N and P cycling. ISME J. 2009;3:430–41.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD. Viral control of phytoplankton populations—a review. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2004;51:125–38.
Google Scholar
Evans C, Brussaard CPD. Viral lysis and microzooplankton grazing of phytoplankton throughout the Southern Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr. 2012;57:1826–37.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Noordeloos AAM, Witte H, Collenteur MCJ, Schulz K, Ludwig A, et al. Arctic microbial community dynamics influenced by elevated CO2 levels. Biogeosciences. 2013;10:719–31.
Google Scholar
Khatiwala S, Tanhua T, Mikaloff Fletcher S, Gerber M, Doney SC, Graven HD, et al. Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon. Biogeosciences. 2013;10:2169–91.
Google Scholar
Frölicher TL, Sarmiento JL, Paynter DJ, Dunne JP, Krasting JP, Winton M. Dominance of the Southern Ocean in anthropogenic carbon and heat uptake in CMIP5 models. J Clim. 2015;28:862–86.
Google Scholar
Bakker DCE, De Baar HJW, Bathmann UV. Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 1997;44:91–127.
Google Scholar
Moreau S, Schloss IR, Mostajir B, Demers S, Almandoz GO, Ferrario ME, et al. Influence of microbial community composition and metabolism on air–sea ΔpCO2 variation off the western Antarctic Peninsula. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2012;446:45–59.
Google Scholar
Ducklow H, Clarke A, Dickhut R, Doney SC, Geisz H, Huang K, et al. The marine system of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. In: Rogers AD, Johnston NM, Murphy EJ, Clarke A, editors. Antarctic ecosystems: an extreme environment in a changing world. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2012. pp. 121–59.
Shreeve RS, Ward P, Whitehouse MJ. Copepod growth and development around South Georgia: Relationships with temperature, food and krill. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2002;233:169–83.
Google Scholar
Barrera-Oro E. The role of fish in the Antarctic marine food web: differences between inshore and offshore waters in the southern Scotia Arc and west Antarctic Peninsula. Antarct Sci. 2002;14:293–309.
Google Scholar
Belton B, Thilsted SH. Fisheries in transition: Food and nutrition security implications for the global South. Glob Food Sec. 2014;3:59–66.
Google Scholar
Turner JT. Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the ocean’s biological pump. Prog Oceanogr. 2015;130:205–48.
Google Scholar
Gordon AL. Bottom water formation. In: Steele JH, Turekian KK, Thorpe SA, editors. Encyclopedia of ocean sciences, 1st ed. Elsevier; 2001. pp. 334–40.
Jacobs SS. Bottom water production and its links with the thermohaline circulation. Antarct Sci. 2004;16:427–37.
Google Scholar
Petrou K, Baker KG, Nielsen DA, Hancock AM, Schulz KG, Davidson AT. Acidification diminishes diatom silica production in the Southern Ocean. Nat Clim Chang. 2019;9:781–6.
Google Scholar
Sommer U, Lengfellner K. Climate change and the timing, magnitude, and composition of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Glob Chang Biol. 2008;14:1199–208.
Google Scholar
Moline MA, Claustre H, Frazer TK, Schofield O, Vernet M. Alteration of the food web along the Antarctic Peninsula in response to a regional warming trend. Glob Chang Biol. 2004;10:1973–80.
Google Scholar
Biggs TEG, Alvarez-Fernandez S, Evans C, Mojica KDA, Rozema PD, Venables HJ, et al. Antarctic phytoplankton community composition and size structure: importance of ice type and temperature as regulatory factors. Polar Biol. 2019;42:1997–2015.
Google Scholar
Clarke A, Meredith MP, Wallace MI, Brandon MA, Thomas DN. Seasonal and interannual variability in temperature, chlorophyll and macronutrients in northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. Deep Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2008;55:1988–2006.
Google Scholar
Marie D, Partensky F, Vaulot D, Brussaard CPD. Enumeration of phytoplankton, bacteria, and viruses in marine samples. Curr Protoc Cytom. 1999;10:11.11.1–5.
Li WKW, Dickie PM. Monitoring phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, and virioplankton in a coastal inlet (Bedford Basin) by flow cytometry. Cytometry. 2001;44:236–46.
Google Scholar
Vaulot D. CYTOPC: processing software for flow cytometric data. Signal Noise. 1989;2:8.
Biggs TEG, Brussaard CPD, Evans C, Venables HJ, Pond DW. Plasticity in dormancy behaviour of Calanoides acutus in Antarctic coastal waters. ICES J Mar Sci. 2020;77:1738–51.
Google Scholar
Marie D, Brussaard CPD, Thyrhaug R, Bratbak G, Vaulot D. Enumeration of marine viruses in culture and natural samples by flow cytometry. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65:45–52.
Google Scholar
Mojica KDA, Evans C, Brussaard CPD. Flow cytometric enumeration of marine viral populations at low abundances. Aquat Microb Ecol. 2014;71:203–9.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Payet JP, Winter C, Weinbauer MG. Quantification of aquatic viruses by flow cytometry. Man Aquat viral Ecol. 2010;11:102–9.
Google Scholar
Lawrence JE, Brussaard CPD, Suttle CA. Virus-specific responses of Heterosigma akashiwo to infection. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:7829–34.
Google Scholar
Tomaru Y, Nagasaki K. Flow cytometric detection and enumeration of DNA and RNA viruses infecting marine eukaryotic microalgae. J Oceanogr. 2007;63:215–21.
Google Scholar
Jacquet S, Heldal M, Iglesias-Rodriguez D, Larsen A, Wilson W, Bratbak G. Flow cytometric analysis of an Emiliana huxleyi bloom terminated by viral infection. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2002;27:111–24.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD. Optimization of procedures for counting viruses by flow cytometry. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70:1506–13.
Google Scholar
Brussaard CPD, Thyrhaug R, Marie D, Bratbak G. Flow cytometric analyses of viral infection in two marine phytoplankton species, Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae) and Phaeocystis pouchetii (Prymnesiophyceae). J Phycol. 1999;35:941–8.
Google Scholar
Kimmance SA, Wilson WH, Archer SD. Modified dilution technique to estimate viral versus grazing mortality of phytoplankton: Limitations associated with method sensitivity in natural waters. Aquat Microb Ecol. 2007;49:207–22.
Google Scholar
Garrison DL, Gowing MM, Hughes MP, Campbell L, Caron DA, Dennett MR, et al. Microbial food web structure in the Arabian Sea: A US JGOFS study. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2000;47:1387–422.
Google Scholar
Worden AZ, Nolan JK, Palenik B. Assessing the dynamics and ecology of marine picophytoplankton: the importance of the eukaryotic component. Limnol Oceanogr. 2004;49:168–79.
Google Scholar
van Leeuwe MA, Webb AL, Venables HJ, Visser RJW, Meredith MP, Elzenga JTM, et al. Annual patterns in phytoplankton phenology in Antarctic coastal waters explained by environmental drivers. Limnol Oceanogr. 2020;65:1651–68.
Google Scholar
Baudoux A-C, Veldhuis MJW, Witte HJ, Brussaard CPD. Viruses as mortality agents of picophytoplankton in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer during IRONAGES III. Limnol Oceanogr. 2007;52:2519–29.
Google Scholar
Baudoux A-C, Veldhuis MJW, Noordeloos AAM, van Noort G, Brussaard CPD. Estimates of virus- vs. grazing induced mortality of picophytoplankton in the North Sea during summer. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2008;52:69–82.
Google Scholar
Kranzler CF, Krause JW, Brzezinski MA, Edwards BR, Biggs WP, Maniscalco M, et al. Silicon limitation facilitates virus infection and mortality of marine diatoms. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4:1790–7.
Google Scholar
Tomaru Y, Takao Y, Suzuki H, Nagumo T, Nagasaki K. Isolation and characterization of a single-stranded RNA virus infecting the bloom-forming diatom Chaetoceros socialis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75:2375–81.
Google Scholar
Kattner G, Hagen W. Lipids in marine copepods: Latitudinal characteristics and perspective to global warming. In: Kainz M, Brett M, Arts M, editors. Lipids in aquatic ecosystems. Springer New York; 2009. pp. 257–80.
Ploug H, Iversen MH, Fischer G. Ballast, sinking velocity, and apparent diffusivity within marine snow and zooplankton fecal pellets: Implications for substrate turnover by attached bacteria. Limnol Oceanogr. 2008;53:1878–86.
Google Scholar
Voss M. Content of copepod faecal pellets in relation to food supply in Kiel Bight and its effect on sedimentation rate. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1991;75:217–25.
Google Scholar
Lønborg C, Middelboe M, Brussaard CPD. Viral lysis of Micromonas pusilla: Impacts on dissolved organic matter production and composition. Biogeochemistry. 2013;116:231–40.
Google Scholar
Yamada Y, Tomaru Y, Fukuda H, Nagata T. Aggregate formation during the viral lysis of a marine diatom. Front Mar Sci. 2018;5:167.
Maat DS, Crawfurd KJ, Timmermans KR, Brussaard CPD. Elevated CO2 and phosphate limitation favor Micromonas pusilla through stimulated growth and reduced viral impact. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80:3119–27.
Google Scholar
Maat DS, Brussaard CPD. Both phosphorus- and nitrogen limitation constrain viral proliferation in marine phytoplankton. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2016;77:87–97.
Google Scholar
Maat DS, de Blok R, Brussaard CPD. Combined phosphorus limitation and light stress prevent viral proliferation in the phytoplankton species Phaeocystis globosa, but Not in Micromonas pusilla. Front Mar Sci. 2016;3:160.
Maat DS, Biggs TEG, Evans C, van Bleijswijk JDL, van Der Wel NN, Dutilh BE, et al. Characterization and temperature dependence of arctic Micromonas polaris viruses. Viruses. 2017;9:6–9.
Google Scholar
Piedade GJ, Wesdorp EM, Montenegro-Borbolla E, Maat DS, Brussaard CPD. Influence of irradiance and temperature on the virus MpoV-45T infecting the Arctic picophytoplankter Micromonas polaris. Viruses. 2018;10:676.
Gann ER, Gainer PJ, Reynolds TB, Wilhelm SW. Influence of light on the infection of Aureococcus anophagefferens CCMP 1984 by a “giant virus”. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0226758.
Google Scholar
Evans C, Wilson WH. Preferential grazing of Oxyrrhis marina on virus infected Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol Oceanogr. 2008;53:2035–40.
Google Scholar
Vermont AI, Martínez Martínez J, Waller JD, Gilg IC, Leavitt AH, Floge SA, et al. Virus infection of Emiliania huxleyi deters grazing by the copepod Acartia tonsa. J Plankton Res. 2016;38:1194–205.
Google Scholar
González JM, Suttle CA. Grazing by marine nanoflagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles: ingestion and digestion. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1993;94:1–10.
Google Scholar
Rose JM, Caron DA. Does low temperature constrain the growth rates of heterotrophic protists? Evidence and implications for algal blooms in cold waters. Limnol Oceanogr. 2007;52:886–95.
Google Scholar
Helenius LK, Saiz E. Feeding behaviour of the nauplii of the marine calanoid copepod Paracartia grani Sars: Functional response, prey size spectrum, and effects of the presence of alternative prey. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0172902.
Google Scholar
Djeghri N, Atkinson A, Fileman ES, Harmer RA, Widdicombe CE, McEvoy AJ, et al. High prey-predator size ratios and unselective feeding in copepods: a seasonal comparison of five species with contrasting feeding modes. Prog Oceanogr. 2018;165:63–74.
Google Scholar
Gonçalves RJ, Gréve H, van S, Couespel D, Kiørboe T. Mechanisms of prey size selection in a suspension-feeding copepod, Temora longicornis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2014;517:61–74.
Google Scholar
Zhao Z, Gonsior M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Zhan Y, Zhang R, Jiao N, et al. Microbial transformation of virus-induced dissolved organic matter from picocyanobacteria: coupling of bacterial diversity and DOM chemodiversity. ISME J. 2019;13:2551–65.
Google Scholar
Collins M, Knutti R, Arblaster J, Dufresne J-L, Fichefet T, Friedlingstein P, et al. Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments, and irreversibility. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. United Kingdom and NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
Montes-Hugo M, Doney SC, Ducklow HW, Fraser W, Martinson D, Stammerjohn SE, et al. Recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate change along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Science. 2009;323:1470–3.
Google Scholar
Arrigo KR, van Dijken GL. Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production. Prog Oceanogr. 2015;136:60–70.
Google Scholar
Vernet M, Martinson D, Iannuzzi R, Stammerjohn S, Kozlowski W, Sines K, et al. Primary production within the sea-ice zone west of the Antarctic Peninsula: I—Sea ice, summer mixed layer, and irradiance. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2008;55:2068–85.
Google Scholar
Deppeler SL, Davidson AT. Southern Ocean phytoplankton in a changing climate. Front Mar Sci. 2017;4:40.
Van de Poll WH, Kulk G, Rozema PD, Brussaard CPD, Visser RJW, Buma AGJ. Contrasting glacial meltwater effects on post-bloom phytoplankton on temporal and spatial scales in Kongsfjorden. Spitsbergen Elem Sci Anth. 2018;6:50.
Google Scholar
Ardyna M, Babin M, Gosselin M, Devred E, Rainville L, Tremblay J-É. Recent Arctic Ocean sea ice loss triggers novel fall phytoplankton blooms. Geophys Res Lett. 2014;41:6207–12.
Google Scholar
Venables HJ, Clarke A, Meredith MP. Wintertime controls on summer stratification and productivity at the western Antarctic Peninsula. Limnol Oceanogr. 2013;58:1035–47.
Google Scholar
Mendes CRB, Tavano VM, Dotto TS, Kerr R, de Souza MS, Garcia CAE, et al. New insights on the dominance of cryptophytes in Antarctic coastal waters: a case study in Gerlache Strait. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2017;149:161–70.
Google Scholar
Rozema PD, Venables HJ, van de Poll WH, Clarke A, Meredith MP, Buma AGJ. Interannual variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition in northern Marguerite Bay (West Antarctic Peninsula) is governed by both winter sea ice cover and summer stratification. Limnol Oceanogr. 2017;62:235–52.
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com