Keenan, R. J. et al. Forest ecology and management dynamics of global forest area: Results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For. Ecol. Manag. 352, 9–20 (2015).
Google Scholar
Siitonen, J. Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecol. Bull. 49, 11–41 (2001).
Stokland, J. N., Siitonen, J. & Jonsson, B. G. Biodiversity in Dead Wood (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Google Scholar
Nordén, J., Penttilä, R., Siitonen, J., Tomppo, E. & Ovaskainen, O. Specialist species of wood-inhabiting fungi struggle while generalists thrive in fragmented boreal forests. J. Ecol. 101, 701–712 (2013).
Google Scholar
Tikkanen, O.-P., Martikainen, P., Hyvärinen, E., Junninen, K. & Kouki, J. Red-listed boreal forest species of Finland: Associations with forst structure, tree species, and decaying wood. Ann. Zool. Fennici 43, 373–383 (2006).
Sippola, A.-L., Lehesvirta, T. & Renvall, P. Effect of selective logging on coarse woody debris and diversity of wood-decaying polypores in eastern Finland. Ecol. Bull. 49, 243–254 (2001).
Axelsson, A. L., Östlund, L. & Hellberg, E. Changes in mixed deciduous forests of boreal Sweden 1866–1999 based on interpretation of historical records. Landsc. Ecol. 17, 403–418 (2002).
Google Scholar
Eriksson, S., Skånes, H., Hammer, M. & Lönn, M. Current distribution of older and deciduous forests as legacies from historical use patterns in a Swedish boreal landscape (1725–2007). For. Ecol. Manag. 260, 1095–1103 (2010).
Google Scholar
Wallenius, T. H., Lilja, S. & Kuuluvainen, T. Fire history and tree species composition in managed Picea abies stands in southern Finland: Implications for restoration. For. Ecol. Manag. 250, 89–95 (2007).
Google Scholar
Stokland, J. N. Host-tree associattions. In Biodiversity in Dead Wood (eds Stokland, J. N. et al.) 82–109 (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Google Scholar
Kouki, J., Arnold, K. & Martikainen, P. Long-term persistence of aspen – A key host for many threatened species—Is endangered in old-growth conservation areas in Finland. J. Nat. Conserv. 12, 41–52 (2004).
Google Scholar
Komonen, A., Tuominen, L., Purhonen, J. & Halme, P. Landscape structure influences browsing on a keystone tree species in conservation areas. For. Ecol. Manag. 457, 117724 (2020).
Google Scholar
Purhonen, J. et al. Morphological traits predict host-tree specialization in wood-inhabiting fungal communities. Fungal Ecol. 46, 100863 (2020).
Google Scholar
Dowding, P. Nutrient uptake and allocation during substrate exploitation by fungi. In The Fungal Community. Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystems (eds Wicklow, D. T. & Carroll, G. C.) 612–636 (Marcel Dekker Inc, 1981).
Boddy, L., Frankland, J. & van West, P. Ecology of Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes (Elsevier Ltd, 2008).
Kahl, T. et al. Wood decay rates of 13 temperate tree species in relation to wood properties, enzyme activities and organismic diversities. For. Ecol. Manag. 391, 86–95 (2017).
Google Scholar
Abrego, N. & Salcedo, I. Variety of woody debris as the factor influencing wood-inhabiting fungal richness and assemblages: Is it a question of quantity or quality?. For. Ecol. Manag. 291, 377–385 (2013).
Google Scholar
Lindblad, I. Wood-inhabiting fungi on fallen logs of Norway spruce: Relations to forest management and substrate quality. Nord. J. Bot. 18, 243–255 (1998).
Google Scholar
Tomao, A., Antonio Bonet, J., Castaño, C. & de-Miguel, S. How does forest management affect fungal diversity and community composition? Current knowledge and future perspectives for the conservation of forest fungi. For. Ecol. Manag. 457, 1176 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bader, P., Jansson, S. & Jonsson, B. G. Wood-inhabiting fungi and substratum decline in selectively logged boreal spruce forests. Biol. Conserv. 72, 355–362 (1995).
Google Scholar
Heilmann-Clausen, J. & Christensen, M. Does size matter?. For. Ecol. Manag. 201, 105–117 (2004).
Google Scholar
Nordén, B., Götmark, F., Tönnberg, M. & Ryberg, M. Dead wood in semi-natural temperate broadleaved woodland: Contribution of coarse and fine dead wood, attached dead wood and stumps. For. Ecol. Manag. 194, 235–248 (2004).
Google Scholar
Ottosson, E. et al. Diverse ecological roles within fungal communities in decomposing logs of Picea abies. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 91, 1–13 (2015).
Google Scholar
Juutilainen, K., Mönkkönen, M., Kotiranta, H. & Halme, P. The effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi occupying dead wood of different diameter fractions. For. Ecol. Manag. 313, 283–291 (2014).
Google Scholar
Jönsson, M., Ruete, A., Kellner, O., Gunnarsson, U. & Snäll, T. Will forest conservation areas protect functionally important diversity of fungi and lichens over time?. Biodivers. Conserv. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-1035-0 (2016).
Google Scholar
Abrego, N., Norberg, A. & Ovaskainen, O. Measuring and predicting the influence of traits on the assembly processes of wood-inhabiting fungi. J. Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12722 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bässler, C. et al. Functional response of lignicolous fungal guilds to bark beetle deforestation. Ecol. Indic. 65, 149–160 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bässler, C., Heilmann-Clausen, J., Karasch, P., Brandl, R. & Halbwachs, H. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have larger fruit bodies than saprotrophic fungi. Fungal Ecol. 17, 205–212 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sherwood, M. A. Convergent evolution in discomycetes from bark and wood. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82, 15–34 (1981).
Google Scholar
Unterseher, M., Otto, P. & Morawetz, W. Species richness and substrate specificity of lignicolous fungi in the canopy of a temperate, mixed deciduous forest. Mycol. Prog. 4, 117–132 (2005).
Google Scholar
Dawson, S. K. & Jönsson, M. Just how big is intraspecific trait variation in basidiomycete wood fungal fruit bodies?. Fungal Ecol. 46, 100865 (2020).
Google Scholar
Dawson, S. K. et al. Handbook for the measurement of macrofungal functional traits: A start with basidiomycete wood fungi. Funct. Ecol. 33, 372–387 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zanne, A. E. et al. Fungal functional ecology: Bringing a trait-based approach to plant-associated fungi. Biol. Rev. 95, 409–433 (2020).
Google Scholar
Nordén, B., Ryberg, M., Götmark, F. & Olausson, B. Relative importance of coarse and fine woody debris for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate broadleaf forests. Biol. Conserv. 117, 1–10 (2004).
Google Scholar
Stokland, J. N. & Larsson, K. Forest ecology and management legacies from natural forest dynamics : Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 261, 1707–1721 (2011).
Google Scholar
Cajander, A. K. Forest types and their significance. Acta For. Fenn. 56, 1–69 (1949).
Ahti, T., Hämet-Ahti, L. & Jalas, J. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5, 169–211 (1968).
Renaud, V., Innes, J. L., Dobbertin, M. & Rebetez, M. Comparison between open-site and below-canopy climatic conditions in Switzerland for different types of forests over 10 years (1998–2007). Theor. Appl. Climatol. 105, 119–127 (2011).
Google Scholar
Renvall, P. Community structure and dynamics of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes on decomposing conifer trunks in northern Finland. Karstenia 35, 1–51 (1995).
Google Scholar
Abrego, N., Halme, P., Purhonen, J. & Ovaskainen, O. Fruit body based inventories in wood-inhabiting fungi: Should we replicate in space or time?. Fungal Ecol. 20, 225–232 (2016).
Google Scholar
Halme, P. & Kotiaho, J. S. The importance of timing and number of surveys in fungal biodiversity research. Biodivers. Conserv. 21, 205–219 (2012).
Google Scholar
Purhonen, J., Huhtinen, S., Kotiranta, H. & Kotiaho, J. S. Detailed information on fruiting phenology provides new insights on wood-inhabiting fungal detection. Fungal Ecol. 27, 175–177 (2017).
Google Scholar
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Landcare Research-NZ & Chinese Academy of Science. Index Fungorum. www.indexfungorum.org 01.03.2017 (2017).
Barton, K. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R Package Version 1.43.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn 15.11.2020 (2019).
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available at: https://www.r-project.org/ (2017).
Magnusson, A. et al. glmmTMB: Generalized Linear Mixed Models Using Template Model Builder. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/glmmTMB/glmmTMB.pdf 30.08.2018 (2018).
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.4-4. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html 30.12.2017 (2017).
Abrego, N., Bässler, C., Christensen, M. & Heilmann-Clausen, J. Implications of reserve size and forest connectivity for the conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Europe. Biol. Conserv. 191, 469–477 (2015).
Google Scholar
Halme, P. et al. The effects of habitat degradation on metacommunity structure of wood-inhabiting fungi in European beech forests. Biol. Conserv. 168, 24–30 (2013).
Google Scholar
Edman, M., Kruys, N. & Jonsson, B. G. Local dispersal sources strongly affect colonization patterns of wood-decaying fungi on spruce logs. Ecol. Appl. 14, 893–901 (2004).
Google Scholar
Komonen, A. & Müller, J. Dispersal ecology of deadwood organisms and connectivity conservation. Conserv. Biol. 32, 535–545 (2018).
Google Scholar
Abrego, N. & Salcedo, I. How does fungal diversity change based on woody debris type? A case study in Northern Spain. Ekologija 57, 109–119 (2011).
Google Scholar
Juutilainen, K., Halme, P., Kotiranta, H. & Mönkkönen, M. Size matters in studies of dead wood and wood-inhabiting fungi. Fungal Ecol. 4, 342–349 (2011).
Google Scholar
Heilmann-Clausen, J. & Christensen, M. Wood-inhabiting macrofungi in Danish beech-forests ? conflicting diversity patterns and their implications in a conservation perspective. Biol. Conserv. 122, 633–642 (2005).
Google Scholar
Moore, D., Gange, A. C., Gange, E. G. & Boddy, L. Fruit bodies: Their production and develpoment in relation to environment. In Ecology of Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes (eds Boddy, L. et al.) (Elsevier, 2008).
Junninen, K., Similä, M., Kouki, J. & Kotiranta, H. Assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi along the gradients of succession and naturalness in boreal pine-dominated forests in Fennoscandia. Ecography (Cop.) 29, 75–83 (2006).
Google Scholar
Agren, J. & Zackrisson, O. Age and size structure of Pinus sylvestris populations on mires in Central and Northern Sweden. J. Ecol. 78, 1049–1062 (1990).
Google Scholar
Niemelä, T., Wallenius, T. & Kotiranta, H. The kelo tree, a vanishing substrate of specified wood-inhabiting fungi. Polish Bot. J. 47, 91–101 (2002).
Venugopal, P., Julkunen-Tiitto, R., Junninen, K. & Kouki, J. Phenolic compounds in Scots pine heartwood: Are kelo trees a unique woody substrate?. Can. J. For. Res. 46, 225–233 (2016).
Google Scholar
Jonsson, B. G. et al. Dead wood availability in managed Swedish forests – Policy outcomes and implications for biodiversity. For. Ecol. Manag. 376, 174–182 (2016).
Google Scholar
Runnel, K. & Lõhmus, A. Deadwood-rich managed forests provide insights into the old-forest association of wood-inhabiting fungi. Fungal Ecol. 27, 155–167 (2017).
Google Scholar
Junninen, K. & Komonen, A. Conservation ecology of boreal polypores: A review. Biol. Conserv. 144, 11–20 (2011).
Google Scholar
Krah, F. S. et al. Independent effects of host and environment on the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. J. Ecol. 106, 1428–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12939 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hoppe, B. et al. Linking molecular deadwood-inhabiting fungal diversity and community dynamics to ecosystem functions and processes in Central European forests. Fungal Divers. 77, 367–379 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kubartová, A., Ottosson, E., Dahlberg, A. & Stenlid, J. Patterns of fungal communities among and within decaying logs, revealed by 454 sequencing. Mol. Ecol. 21, 4514–4532 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kazartsev, I., Shorohova, E., Kapitsa, E. & Kushnevskaya, H. Decaying Picea abies log bark hosts diverse fungal communities. Fungal Ecol. 33, 1–12 (2018).
Google Scholar
von Bonsdorff, T. et al. New national and regional biological records for Finland 8. Contributions to agaricoid, gastroid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi 5. Memo. Soc. pro Fauna Flora Fenn. 92, 120–128 (2016).
von Bonsdorff, T. et al. New national and regional biological records for Finland 5. Contributions to agaricoid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi 4. Memo. Soc. pro Fauna Flora Fenn. 91, 56–66 (2015).
Frøslev, T. G. et al. Man against machine: Do fungal fruitbodies and eDNA give similar biodiversity assessments across broad environmental gradients?. Biol. Conserv. 233, 201–212 (2019).
Google Scholar
Esri. ArcMap, version 10.5.1. http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/ 04.09.2017 (2017). Available at: http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/.
Source: Ecology - nature.com