Garfinkel, Y., Ben-Shlomo, D. & Kuperman, T. Large-scale storage of grain surplus in the sixth millennium BC: The silos of Tel Tsaf. Antiquity 83, 309–325 (2009).
Google Scholar
Rosenberg, D., Garfinkel, Y. & Klimscha, F. Large-scale storage and storage symbolism in the Ancient Near East—a unique clay model of a silo from Tel Tsaf, Israel. Antiquity 91, 885–900 (2017).
Google Scholar
Ben-Shlomo, D., Hill, A. C. & Garfinkel, Y. Feasting between the revolutions: Evidence from chalcolithic Tel Tsaf, Israel. J. Mediterr. Archaeol. 22, 129–150 (2009).
Garfinkel, Y., Ben-Shlomo, D., Freikman, M. & Vered, A. Tel Tsaf: The 2004–2006 excavation seasons. Isr. Explor. J. 57, 1–33 (2007).
Freikman, M. & Garfinkel, Y. Sealings before cities: New evidence on the beginnings of administration in the Ancient Near East. Levant 49, 1–22 (2017).
Google Scholar
Freikman, M., Ben-Shlomo, D. & Garfinkel, Y. A. Stamped sealing from Middle Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf: Implications for the rise of administrative practices in the Levant. Levant 53, 1–12 (2021).
Google Scholar
Garfinkel, Y., Klimscha, F., Shalev, S. & Rosenberg, D. The beginning of metallurgy in the Southern Levant: A late 6th millennium calBC copper awl from Tel Tsaf, Israel. PLoS One 9, 1–6 (2014).
Graham, P. Archaeobotanical remains from late 6th/early 5th millennium BC Tel Tsaf, Israel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 43, 105–110 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kuijt, I. & Finlayson, B. Evidence for food storage and predomestication granaries 11,000 years ago in the Jordan Valley. PNAS 106, 10966–10970 (2009).
Google Scholar
Colledge, S., Conolly, J., Finlayson, B. & Kuijt, I. New insights on plant domestication, production intensification, and food storage: The archaeobotanical evidence from PPNA Dhra. Levant 50, 14–31 (2018).
Google Scholar
Willcox, G., Fornite, S. & Herveux, L. Early Holocene cultivation before domestication in northern Syria. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 17, 313–325 (2008).
Google Scholar
Palmisano, A. et al. Holocene landscape dynamics and long-term population trends in the Levant. Holocene 29, 708–727 (2019).
Google Scholar
Gophna, R. & Kislev, M. Finds at Tel-Saf (1977–1978). Rev. Bib. 86, 112–114 (1979).
Rosenberg, D. et al. Back to Tel Tsaf: A preliminary report on the 2013 season of the renewed project. J. Isr. Prehist. Soc. 44, 148–179 (2014).
Lipshchitz, N. Analysis of the botanical remains from Tel Tsaf. Tel Aviv 15, 52–54 (1988).
Google Scholar
Vita-Finzi, C. et al. Prehistoric economy in the Mount Carmel area of Palestine: Site catchment analysis. In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol. 36 (Cambridge University Press, 1970) pp. 1–37.
Prior, J. & Price-Williams, D. An investigation of climate change in the Holocene Epoch using archaeological charcoal from Swaziland, South Africa. J. Archaeol. Sci. 12, 457–475 (1985).
Google Scholar
Shackleton, C. M. & Prins, F. Charcoal analysis and the “Principle of Least Effort”—a conceptual model. J. Archaeol. Sci. 19, 631–637 (1992).
Google Scholar
Asouti, E. & Austin, P. Reconstructing woodland vegetation and its exploitation by past societies, based on the analysis and interpretation of archaeological wood charcoal macro-remains. Environ. Archaeol. 10, 11–18 (2005).
Google Scholar
Deckers, K. et al. Characteristics and changes in archaeology-related environmental data during the Third Millennium BC in Upper Mesopotamia. Collective comments to the data discussed during the Symposium. Publ. Inst. Français Études Anatoliennes 19, 573–580 (2007).
Marston, J. M. Modeling wood acquisition strategies from archaeological charcoal remains. J. Archaeol. Sci. 36, 2192–2200 (2009).
Google Scholar
Lev-Yadun, S. Wood remains from archaeological excavations: A review with a Near Eastern perspective. Isr. J. Earth Sci. 56, 139–162 (2007).
Google Scholar
Liphschitz, N. Timber in Ancient Israel Dendroarchaeology and Dendrochronology. Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 26 (Tel Aviv, 2007).
Sitry, I. & Langgut, D. Wooden objects from the colt collection—Shivta. Michmanim 28, 31–46 (2019).
Srebro, H. & Soffer, T. The New Atlas of Israel: The National Atlas (Survey of Israel; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2011).
Gophna, R. & Sadeh, S. Excavations at Tel Tsaf: An early Chalcolithic site in the Jordan Valley. Tel Aviv. 15–16, 3–36 (1988–89).
Garfinkel, Y., Ben-Shlomo, D. & Freikman, M. Excavations at Tel Tsaf 2004–2007: Final Report, Volume 1 (Ariel University Press, 2020).
Rosenberg, D., Pinsky, S. & Klimscha, F. “The renewed research project at Tel Tsaf, Jordan Valley—2013–2019” in Hadashot Arkeologiyot—Excavations and Surveys in Israel, p. 133 (2021).
Gopher, A. The Pottery Neolithic in the southern Levant—a second Neolithic revolution. In Village Communities of the Pottery Neolithic Period in the Menashe Hills, Israel (ed. Gopher, A.) 1525–1611 (Tel Aviv University, 2012).
Streit, K. & Garfinkel, Y. Tel Tsaf and the impact of the Ubaid Culture on the Southern Levant: Interpreting the radiocarbon evidence. Radiocarbon 57, 865–880 (2015).
Google Scholar
Streit, K. & Garfinkel, Y. A specialized ceramic assemblage for water pulling: The Middle Chalcolithic well of Tel Tsaf, Israel. BASOR 374, 61–73 (2015).
Garfinkel, Y. Proto-historic courtyard buildings in the southern Levant. In Neolithic and Chalcolithic Archaeology in Eurasia: Building Techniques and Spatial Organization (ed. Gheorghiu, D.) 35–41 (BAR International Series, 2010).
Zohary, M. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East (Gustav Gischer Verlag, 1973).
Bar-Matthews, M. & Ayalon, A. Mid-Holocene climate variations revealed by high-resolution speleothem records from Soreq Cave, Israel and their correlation with cultural changes. Holocene 21, 163–171 (2011).
Google Scholar
Fahn, A., Werker, E. & Baas, P. Wood Anatomy and Identification of Trees and Shrubs from Israel and Adjacent Regions (The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1986).
Schweingruber, F. H. Anatomy of European Woods (Verlag Paul Haupt, 1990).
Bronk Ramsey, C. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51, 337–360 (2009).
Google Scholar
Reimer, P. et al. The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62, 725–757 (2020).
Google Scholar
Zohary, M. Plant Life of Palestine: Israel and Jordan (Ronald Press Co, 1962).
Asouti, E. & Hather, J. Charcoal analysis and the reconstruction of ancient woodland vegetation in the Konya Basin, south-central Anatolia, Turkey: Results from the Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük East. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 10, 23–32 (2001).
Google Scholar
Thery-Parisot, I., Chabal, L. & Chrzavzez, J. Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis: A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 291, 142–153 (2010).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D. et al. The earliest near-eastern wooden spinning implements. Antiquity 90, 973–990 (2016).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D., Tepper, Y., Benzaquen, M., Erickson-Gini, T. & Bar-Oz, G. Environment and horticulture in the Byzantine Negev Desert, Israel: Sustainability, prosperity and enigmatic decline. Quat. Int. 593, 160–177 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zohary, D. & Spiegel-Roy, P. Beginnings of fruit growing in the Old World. Science 187, 319–327 (1975).
Google Scholar
Zohary, D., Hopf, M. & Weiss, E. Domestication of Plants in the Old World 4th edn. (Oxford University Press, 2012).
Google Scholar
Weiss, E. Beginnings of fruit growing in the Old World two generations later. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 62, 75–85 (2015).
Google Scholar
Benzaquen, M., Finkelstein, I. & Langgut, D. Vegetation history and human Impact on the environs of Tel Megiddo in the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca 3,500–500 BCE): A dendroarchaeological analysis. Tel Aviv. 49, 1–23 (2019).
Carrión, Y., Ntinou, M. & Bada, E. Olea europaea L. in the north Mediterranean Basin during the Pleniglacial and the Early-Middle Holocene. Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 952–968 (2010).
Google Scholar
Lavee, S. & Zohary, D. The potential of genetic diversity and the effect of geographically isolated resources in olive breeding. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 59, 3–13 (2011).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D. et al. The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence. Holocene 29, 602–922 (2019).
Google Scholar
Neef, R. Introduction, development and environmental implications of olive culture: The evidence from Jordan. In Man’s Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape (eds Bottema, S. et al.) 295–306 (Rotterdam, 1990).
Meadows, J. Olive domestication at Teleilat Ghassul. In Archaeology of the Near East: An Australian Perspective (eds Hopkins, L. & Parker, A.) 13–18 (University of Sydney, 2001).
Dighton, A., Fairbairn, A., Bourke, S., Faith, J. T. & Habgood, P. Bronze Age olive domestication in the north Jordan valley: New morphological evidence for regional complexity in early arboricultural practice from Pella in Jordan. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 26, 403–413 (2017).
Google Scholar
Galili, E., Stanley, D. J., Sharvit, J. & Weinstein-Evron, M. Evidence for earliest olive-oil production in submerged settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 24, 1141–1150 (1997).
Google Scholar
Galili, E. et al. Coastal paleoenvironments and prehistory of the Submerged Pottery Neolithic Settlement of Kfar Samir (Israel). Paléorient 44, 113–132 (2018).
Namdar, D., Amrani, A., Getzov, N. & Milevski, I. Olive oil storage during the fifth and sixth millennia BC at Ein Zippori, northern Israel. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 62, 65–74 (2015).
Google Scholar
Galili, E. et al. Early production of Table Olives at a mid-7th millennium BP submerged site off the Carmel Coast (Israel). Sci. Rep. 11, 1–15 (2021).
Google Scholar
Epstein, C. Oil production in the Golan Heights during the Chalcolithic period. Tel Aviv. 20, 133–146 (1993).
Google Scholar
Eitam, D. Between the [olive] rows, oil will be produced, presses will be trod…. (Job 24, 11). In La Production du Vin et l’Huile en Mediterranée:[Actes du Symposium International, (Aix-en-Provence et Toulon, 20-22 Novembre 1991 (Bulletin de correspondence hellénique, Supplementary 26) (eds Amouretti, M. C. & Brun, J. P.) 65–90 (Ecole Francaise d’Athènes, 1993).
Schiebel, V. Vegetation and Climate History of the Southern Levant During the Last 30000 Years Based on Palynological Investigation (University of Bonn, 2013) PhD Dissertation.
Litt, T., Ohlwein, C., Neumann, F. H., Hense, A. & Stein, M. Holocene climate variability in the Levant from the Dead Sea pollen record. Quat. Sci. Rev. 49, 95–105 (2012).
Google Scholar
Van Zeist, W., Baruch, U. & Bottema, S. Holocene palaeoecology of the Hula area, Northeastern Israel. In A Timeless Vale, Archaeological and Related Essays on the Jordan Valley (eds Kaptijn, K. & Petit, L. P.) 29–64 (Leiden University Press, 2009).
Neumann, F., Schölzel, C., Litt, T., Hense, A. & Stein, M. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 16, 329–346 (2007).
Google Scholar
Kaniewski, D. et al. Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: Palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidence from the Middle East. Biol. Rev. 87, 885–899 (2012).
Google Scholar
Moriondo, M. et al. Olive trees as bio-indicators of climate evolution in the Mediterranean Basin. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 22, 818–833 (2013).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D., Cheddadi, R. & Sharon, G. Climate and environmental reconstruction of the Epipaleolithic Mediterranean Levant (22.0-11.9 ka cal. BP). Quat. Sci. Rev. 270, 107170 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zinger, A. Olive Cultivation 145th edn. (Israel Ministry of Agriculture, 1995) (in Hebrew).
Miller, N. F. Sweeter than wine? The use of the grape in early western Asia. Antiquity 82, 937–946 (2008).
Google Scholar
Fuller, D. Q. & Stevens, C. J. Between domestication and civilization: The role of agriculture and arboriculture in the emergence of the first urban societies. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 28, 263–282 (2019).
Google Scholar
Lev-Yadun, S. The common fig (Ficus carica) remains in the archaeological record and its domestication processes. In The Fig: Advances in Research and Sustainable Production (eds Flaishman, M. A. & Aksoy, U.) 11–25 (CABI, 2022).
Flaishman, M., Rodov, V. & Stover, E. The fig: Botany, horticulture and breeding. Hortic. Rev. 34, 113–196 (2008).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D., Lev-Yadun, S. & Finkelstein, I. The Impact of olive orchard abandonment and rehabilitation on pollen signature: An experimental approach to evaluating fossil pollen data. Ethnoarchaeology 6, 121–135 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hobbs, J. J. Bedouin Life in the Egyptian Wilderness (University of Texas Press, 1989).
Andersen, G. L. et al. Traditional nomadic tending of trees in the Red Sea Hills. J. Arid Environ. 106, 36–44 (2014).
Google Scholar
Mor, E. Reconstructing Tel Bet Yerah’s Natural and Anthropogenic Environment During the Early Bronze Age Through Wood Remains (Tel Aviv University, 2022) MA Thesis, in Hebrew with English abstract.
Kislev, M. E., Hartman, A. & Bar-Yosef, O. Early domesticated fig in the Jordan Velley. Science 312, 1372–1374 (2006).
Google Scholar
Lev-Yadun, S., Neeman, G., Abbo, S. & Flaishman, M. A. Comment on “Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley”.. Science 314, 1683a (2006).
Google Scholar
Denham, T. Early fig domestication, or gathering of wild parthenocarpic figs?. Antiquity 81, 457–461 (2007).
Google Scholar
Abbo, S., Gopher, A. & Lev-Yadun, S. Fruit domestication in the near east. Plant Breed. Rev. 39, 325–377 (2015).
Gopher, A., Lev-Yadun, S. & Abbo, S. Breaking Ground. Plant Domestication in the Neolithic Levant: The “Core-Area—One-Event” Model Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, The Institute of Archaeology, 2021).
Shennan, S. Property and wealth inequality as cultural niche construction. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. Biol. Sci. 366, 918–926 (2011).
Google Scholar
Twiss, K. The archaeology of food and social diversity. J. Archaeol. Res. 20, 357–395 (2012).
Google Scholar
Bowles, S. & Choi, J. K. Coevolution of farming and private property during the early Holocene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 8830–8835 (2013).
Google Scholar
Zeder, M. A. Domestication as a model system for niche construction theory. Evol. Ecol. 30, 325–348 (2016).
Google Scholar
Khalil, E. L. Symbolic products: Prestige, pride and identity goods. Theory Decis. 49, 53–77 (2000).
Google Scholar
Nelissen, R. M. & Meijers, M. H. Social benefits of luxury brands as costly signals of wealth and status. Evol. Hum. Behav. 32, 343–355 (2011).
Google Scholar
Plourde, A. M. The origins of prestige goods as honest signals of skill and knowledge. Hum. Nat. 19, 374–388 (2008).
Google Scholar
Hayden, B. The proof is in the pudding: Feasting and the origins of domestication. Curr. Anthropolac. 50, 597–601 (2009).
Google Scholar
Yahalom-Mack, N. et al. The earliest lead object in the levant. PLoS One 10, e0142948 (2015).
Google Scholar
Mayshar, J., Moav, M., Neeman, Z. & Pascali, L. The origin of the state: Land productivity or appropriability. J. Polit. Econ. 130, 1091–1144 (2022).
Google Scholar
Langgut, D. & Sasi, A. The emergence of fruit tree horticulture in Chalcolithic southern Levant. In (Ben-Yosef, E., Jones, I. Eds) And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12)—Essays on Archaeology in the 21st Century in Honor of Thomas E. Levy (In Press).
Source: Ecology - nature.com