Larson, D. W., Matthes, U. & Kelly, P. E. Cliff Ecology (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
Google Scholar
Cooper, A. Plant species coexistence in cliff habitats. J. Biogeogr. 24, 483–494 (1997).
Google Scholar
Davis, P. H. Cliff vegetation in the eastern Mediterranean. J. Ecol. 39, 63–93 (1951).
Google Scholar
Snogerup, S. Evolutionary and plant geographical aspects of chasmophytic communities. In Plant life of South-West Asia (eds Davis, P. H. et al.) 157–170 (Bot. Soc. Edinb, 1971).
Baskin, J. M. & Baskin, C. C. Endemism in rock outcrop plant communities of unglaciated eastern United States: An evaluation of the roles of the edaphic, genetic and light factors. J. Biogeogr. 15, 829–840 (1988).
Google Scholar
Medina, B. M. O. & Fernandes, G. W. The potential of natural regeneration of rocky outcrop vegetation on rupestrian field soils in Serra do Cipo, Brazil. Braz. J. Bot. 30, 665–678 (2007).
Google Scholar
Alves, R. J. V., Cardin, L. & Kropf, M. S. Angiosperm disjunction “Campos Rupestres-Restingas”: Are-evaluation. Acta Bot. Bras. 2, 675–685 (2007).
Google Scholar
Harley, R. M. Introduction. In Flora of the Pico das Almas, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (eds Stannard, B. L., Harvey, Y. B. & Harley, R. M) 1–42 (Royal Botanic Gardens, 1995).
Hubbell, S. P. Neutral theory in ecology and the evolution of ecological equivalence. Ecology 87, 1387–1398 (2006).
Google Scholar
Conceição, A. A., Pirani, J. R. & Meirelles, S. T. Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of “Chapada Diamantina”, Northeast Brazil. Rev. Bras. Bot. 30, 641–656 (2007).
Google Scholar
Le Stradic, S., Buisson, E. & Wilson, F. G. Vegetation composition and structure of some Neotropical mountain grasslands in Brazil. J Mt Sci 12:864–77. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 87(4), 2097–2110 (2015).
Google Scholar
Nunes, J. A. et al. Soil–vegetation relationships on a banded ironstone ‘island’, Carajás Plateau, Brazilian Eastern Amazonia. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 87(4), 2097–2110 (2015).
Google Scholar
Silva, W. A. Gradiente vegetacional e pedológico em complexo rupestre de quartzito no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MSc Thesis. (Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013).
Vincent, R. C. & Meguro, M. Influence of soil properties on the abundance of plant species in ferruginous rocky soils vegetation, southeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Bot. 31, 377–388 (2008).
Google Scholar
Porembski, S. Tropical inselbergs: Habitat types, adaptive strategies and diversity patterns. Rev. Bras. de Bot. 30, 579–586 (2007).
Google Scholar
De Paula, L. F. A., Forzza, R. C., Neri, A. V., Bueno, M. L. & Porembski, S. Sugar Loaf Land in south-eastern Brazil: A center of diversity for mat-forming bromeliads on inselbergs. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 181, 459–476 (2016).
Google Scholar
Rezende, M. G., Elias, R. C. L., Salimena, F. R. G. & Neto, L. M. Flora vascular da Serra da Pedra Branca, Caldas, Minas Gerais e relações florísticas com áreas de altitude da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 13, 201–224 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sarthou, C., Villiers, J. F. & Ponge, J. F. Shrub vegetation on tropical granitic inselbergs in French Guiana. J. Veg. Sci. 14, 645–652 (2003).
Google Scholar
Tinti, B. V. et al. Plant diversity on granite/gneiss rock outcrop at Pedra do Pato, Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, Brazil. Check List 11, 1780 (2015).
Google Scholar
Barbara, T., Martinelli, G., Fay, M. F., Mayo, S. J. & Lexer, C. Population differentiation and species cohesion in two closely related plants adapted to neotropical high-altitude “inselbergs”, Alcantarea imperialis and Alcantarea geniculata (Bromeliaceae). Mol. Ecol. 16, 1981–1992 (2007).
Google Scholar
Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C., Leblois, R., Samadi, S., Lambourdière, J. & Sarthou, C. Genetic structure of the xerophilous bromeliad Pitcairnia geyskesii on inselbergs in French Guiana—A test of the forest refuge hypothesis. Ecography 33, 175–184 (2010).
Google Scholar
Domingues, R. et al. Genetic variability of an endangered Bromeliaceae species (Pitcairnia albiflos) from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Genet. Mol. Res. 10, 2482–2491 (2011).
Google Scholar
Hmeljevski, K. V. et al. Conservation assessment of an extremely restricted bromeliad highlights the need for population-based conservation on granitic inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Flora Morpho. Distribut. Funct. Ecolo. Plants. 209, 250–259 (2014).
Google Scholar
Palma-Silva, C. et al. Sympatric bromeliad species (Pitcairnia spp.) facilitate tests of mechanisms involved in species cohesion and reproductive isolation in Neotropical inselbergs. Mol. Ecol. 20, 3185–3201 (2011).
Google Scholar
Gomes, P. & Alves, M. Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region. Rev. Bras. Bot. 33(4), 661–676 (2010).
Google Scholar
Nunes, J. A., Villa, P. M., Neri, A. V., Silva, W. A. & Schaefer, C. E. G. R. Seasonality drives herbaceous community beta diversity in lithologically different rocky outcrops in Brazil. Plant. Ecol. Evol. 153(2), 208–218 (2020).
Google Scholar
Speziale, K. L. & Ezcurra, C. The role of outcrops in the diversity of Patagonian vegetation: Relicts of glacial palaeofloras?. Flora Morphol. Distrib. Funct. Ecol. Plant. 207, 141–149 (2012).
Speziale, K. L., Ruggiero, A. & Ezcurra, C. Plant species richness–environment relationships across the Subantarctic-Patagonian transition zone. J. Biogeogr. 37, 449–464 (2010).
Google Scholar
Yates, C. J. et al. High species diversity and turnover in granite inselberg floras highlight the need for a conservation strategy protecting many outcrops. Ecol. Evol. 9, 7660–7675 (2019).
Google Scholar
Gaston, K. J. Geographic range limits: Achieving synthesis. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 276, 1395–1406 (2009).
Google Scholar
McGann, T. D. How insular are ecological ‘islands’? An example from the granitic outcrops of the New England Batholith of Australia. Proc. R. Soc. Queensland. 110, 1–13 (2002).
Parmentier, I., Stévart, T. & Hardy, O. J. The inselberg flora of Atlantic Central Africa. I. Determinants of species assemblages. J. Biogeogr. 32, 685–696 (2005).
Google Scholar
Changwe, K. & Balkwill, K. Floristics of the Dunbar Valley serpentinite site, Songimvelo Game Reserve, South Africa. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 143, 271–285 (2003).
Google Scholar
Clarke, P. J. Habitat islands in fire-prone vegetation: Do landscape features influence community composition?. J. Biogeogr. 29, 677–684 (2002).
Google Scholar
De Bello, F., Leps, J. & Sebastia, M. T. Variations in species and functional plant diversity along climatic and grazing gradients. Ecography 29(6), 801–810 (2006).
Google Scholar
Porembski, S., Martinelli, G., Ohlemüller, R. & Barthlott, W. Diversity and ecology of saxicolous vegetation mats on inselbergs in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Divers. Distrib. 4, 107–119 (1998).
Google Scholar
Porembski, S., Szarzynski, J., Mund, J. P. & Barthlott, W. Biodiversity and vegetation of small-sized inselbergs in a West African rain forest (Taï, Ivory Coast). J. Biogeogr. 23, 47–55 (1996).
Google Scholar
Rahmanian, S. et al. Effects of livestock grazing on soil, plant functional diversity, and ecological traits vary between regions with different climates in northeastern Iran. Ecol. Evol. 9, 8225–8237 (2019).
Google Scholar
Speziale, K. L. & Ezcurra, C. Patterns of alien plant invasions in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. J. Arid Environ. 75, 890–897 (2011).
Google Scholar
Qian, H., Chen, S. H. & Zhang, J. L. Disentangling environmental and spatial effects on phylogenetic structure of angiosperm tree communities in China. Sci. Rep. 7, 5864 (2017).
Google Scholar
Farzam, M. & Ejtehadi, H. Effects of drought and canopy facilitation on plant diversity and abundance in a semiarid mountainous rangeland. J. Plant. Ecol. 10(4), 626–633 (2016).
Heino, J. & Tolonen, K. T. Ecological drivers of multiple facets of beta diversity in a lentic macroinvertebrate metacommunity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 62, 2431–2444. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10577 (2017).
Google Scholar
Miranda, J. D., Armas, C., Padilla, F. M. & Pugnaire, F. I. Climatic change and rainfall patterns: Effects on semi-arid plant communities of the Iberian Southeast. J. Arid. Environ. 75, 1302–1309 (2011).
Google Scholar
Pashirzad, M., Ejtehadi, H., Vaezi, J. & Shefferson, R. P. Multiple processes at different spatial scales determine beta diversity patterns in a mountainous semi-arid rangeland of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province, NE Iran. Plant. Ecol. 220(9), 829–844 (2019).
Google Scholar
Victorero, L., Robert, K., Robinson, L. F., Taylor, M. L. & Huvenne, V. A. I. Species replacement dominates megabenthos beta diversity in a remote seamount setting. Sci. Rep. 8, 4152 (2018).
Google Scholar
Deil, U. Rock communities in tropical Arabia. Flora et Vegetation Mundi 9, 175–187 (1991).
Dimopoulos, P., Sýkora, K. V., Mucina, L. & Georgiadis, T. The high-rank syntaxa of the rock-cliff and scree vegetation of the mainland Greece and Crete. Folia Geobot. 32, 313–334 (1997).
Google Scholar
Hein, P., Kürschner, H. & Parolly, G. Phytosociological studies on high mountain plant communities of the Taurus Mountains (Turkey) 2. Rock communities. Phytocoenologia 28, 465–563 (1998).
Google Scholar
Nowak, A., Nowak, S., Nobis, M. & Nobis, A. Vegetation of rock clefts and ledges in the Pamir Alai Mts, Tajikistan (Middle Asia). Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 9, 444–460 (2014).
Urbis, A. & Blazyca, B. Rock vascular plant species of the Kraków-Częstochowa, Uplands. Thaiszia J. Bot. 21, 207–214 (2011).
Wiser, S. K., Peet, R. K. & White, P. S. High-elevation rock outcrop vegetation of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. J. Veg. Sci. 7, 703–722 (1996).
Google Scholar
Cadotte, M. W. Experimental evidence that evolutionarily diverse assemblages result in higher productivity. PNAS 110(22), 8996–9000 (2013).
Google Scholar
Swenson, G.N. Functional and Phylogenetic Ecology in R (Use R!) Kindle Edition (2014).
Cadotte, M. W. & Davies, P. R. Why phylogenies do not always predict ecological differences. Ecol. Monogr. 87(4), 535–551 (2016).
Google Scholar
De Bello, F., LepŠ, J. A. N. & Sebastià, M. T. Predictive value of plant traits to grazing along a climatic gradient in the Mediterranean. J. Appl. Ecol. 42(5), 824–833 (2005).
Google Scholar
Funk, J. et al. Revisiting the Holy Grail: Using plant functional traits to understand ecologica processes. Biol. Rev. 92(2), 1156–1173 (2017).
Google Scholar
Lavorel, S. & Garnier, É. Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: Revisiting the Holy Grail. Funct. Ecol. 16(5), 545–556 (2002).
Google Scholar
Violle, C. et al. Let the concept of trait be functional!. Oikos 116, 882–892 (2007).
Google Scholar
Zheng, S., Li, W., Lan, Z., Ren, H. & Wang, K. Functional trait responses to grazing are mediated by soil moisture and plant functional group identity. Sci. Rep. 5, 18163 (2015).
Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. Plant functional types and traits at the community, ecosystem and world level. In Vegetation Ecology (eds van der Maarel, E. & Franklin, J.) 347–386 (Wiley, 2013).
Google Scholar
Loreau, M. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Recent theoretical advances. Oikos 91, 3–17 (2000).
Google Scholar
Akhani, H., Djamali, M., Ghorbanalizadeh, A. & Ramezani, E. Plant biodiversity of Hyrcanian relict forests, N Iran: An overview of the flora, vegetation, paleoecology and conservation. Pak. J. Bot. 42, 231–258 (2010).
Hamzehee, B. et al. Phytosociological survey of remnant Alnus glutinosa ssp. barbata communities in the lowland Caspian forests of northern Iran. Pytocoenologia. 38, 117–132 (2008).
Google Scholar
Moradi, H. et al. Elevational gradient and vegetation-environmental relationships in the central Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. Nord. J. Bot. 34, 1–14 (2016).
Google Scholar
Naqinezhad, A., Esmailpoor, A. & Jafari, N. A new record of Pyrola minor (Pyrolaceae) for the flora of Iran as well as a description of its surrounding habitats. Taxon. Biosyst. 22, 71–80 (2015).
Naqinezhad, A., Zare-Maivan, H. & Gholizadeh, H. A floristic survey of the Hyrcanian forests in Northern Iran, using two lowland-mountain transects. J. For. Res. 26, 187–199 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sagheb-Talebi, K., Sajedi, T. & Pourhashemi, M. Forests of Iran (Springer Sci, 2014).
Google Scholar
Siadati, S. et al. Botanical diversity of Hyrcanian forests; a case study of a transect in the Kheyrud protected lowland mountain forests in northern Iran. Phytotaxa 7, 1–18 (2010).
Google Scholar
Akhani, H. & Ziegler, H. Photosynthetic pathways and habitats of grasses in Golestan National Park (NE Iran), with an emphasis on the C 4-grass dominated rock communities. Phytocoenologia 32, 455–501 (2002).
Google Scholar
Akhani, H., Mahdavi, P., Noroozi, J. & Zarrinpour, V. Vegetation patterns of the Irano-Turanian steppe along a 3,000 m altitudinal gradient in the Alborz Mountains of Northern Iran. Folia Geobot. 48, 229–255 (2013).
Google Scholar
Klein, J. C. The altitudinal vegetation Alborez The Central (Iran) between the Iranian-Turanian and Euro-Siberian regions (French) (Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, 2001).
Noroozi, J. Case study: High Mountain Regions in Iran 255–260. of Chapter 7 (Endemism in mainland regions-case studies). In Endemism in Vascular plants. Plant. Veg. (ed Hobohm, C.) 9. (Springer, 2014).
Noroozi, J., Akhani, H. & Willner, W. Phytosociological and ecological study of the high alpine vegetation of Tuchal Mountains (Central Alborz, Iran). Phytocoenologia 40, 293–321 (2010).
Google Scholar
Do Carmo, F. F. & Jacobi, C. M. Diversity and plant trait-soil relationships among rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Plant Soil. 403, 7–20 (2015).
Google Scholar
Cavender-Bares, J., Kozak, K. H., Fine, P. V. A. & Kembel, S. The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology. Ecol Lett. 12, 693–715 (2009).
Google Scholar
Heydari, M., Poorbabaei, H., Esmailzadeh, O., Salehi, A. & EshaghiRad, J. Indicator plant species in monitoring forest soil conditions using logistic regression model in Zagros Oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) forest ecosystems. Ilam city. J. Plant Res. 27(5), 811–828 (2014).
Speziale, K. L. & Ezcurra, C. Rock outcrops as potential biodiversity refugia under climate change in North Patagonia. Plant Ecol. Diver. 8, 353–361 (2014).
Google Scholar
Rahmanian, S. et al. Effects of livestock grazing on plant species diversity vary along a climatic gradient in northeastern Iran. Appl. Veg. Sci. 23, 551–561 (2020).
Google Scholar
Huston, M. A. Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species in Changing Landscape (Cambridge University, 1994).
Mason, N. W., Mouillot, D. & Lee, W. G. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: The primary components of functional diversity. Oikos 111, 112–118 (2005).
Google Scholar
Stubbs, W. J. & Wilson, J. B. Evidence for limiting similarity in a sand dune community. J. Ecol. 92, 557567 (2004).
Google Scholar
Stanisci, A. et al. Functional composition and diversity of leaf traits in subalpine versus alpine vegetation in the Apennines. Ann. Bot. Comp. plants. 12, plaa004 (2020).
Google Scholar
Chesson, P. et al. Resource pulses, species interactions, and diversity maintenance in arid and semi-arid environments. Oecologia 141, 236–253 (2004).
Google Scholar
Rosbakh, S. et al. Contrasting effects of extreme drought and snowmelt patterns on mountain plants along an elevation gradient. Front. Plant Sci. 8, 1478 (2017).
Google Scholar
Korner, C. Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation tree Limits (Springer Sci. & Business Media, 2012).
Google Scholar
Reich, P. B. et al. Generality of leaf trait relationships: A test across six biomes. Ecology 80, 1955–1969 (1999).
Google Scholar
Westoby, M., Falster, D. S., Moles, A. T., Vesk, P. A. & Wright, I. J. Plant ecological strategies: Some leading dimensions of variation between species. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33, 125–159 (2002).
Google Scholar
Hautier, Y., Niklaus, P. A. & Hector, A. Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science 324, 636–638 (2009).
Google Scholar
De Bello, F. D. et al. Hierarchical effects of environmental filters on the functional structure of plant communities: A case study in the French Alps. Ecography 36, 393–402 (2013).
Google Scholar
Korner, C., Neumayer, M., Menendez-Riedl, S. P. & Smeets-Scheel, A. Functional morphology of mountain plants. Flora 182, 353–383 (1989).
Google Scholar
Rosbakh, S., Römermann, C. & Poschlod, P. Specific leaf area correlates with temperature new evidence of trait variation at the population, species and community levels. Alp. Bot. 125, 79–86 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ordonez, J. C. et al. Global study of relationships between leaf traits, climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 18, 137–149 (2009).
Google Scholar
Li, W. et al. Community-weighted mean traits but not functional diversity determine the changes in soil properties during wetland drying on the Tibetan Plateau. Solid Earth. 8, 137–147 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bardgett, R. D., Mommer, L. & De Vries, F. T. Going underground: Root traits as drivers of ecosystem processes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29, 692–699 (2014).
Google Scholar
Lane, D. R., Coffin, D. P. & Lauenroth, W. K. Effects of soil texture and precipitation on above-ground net primary productivity and vegetation structure across the Central Grassland region of the United States. J. Veg. Sci. 9, 239–250 (1998).
Google Scholar
Noy-Meir, I. Multivariate analysis of the semi-arid vegetation of southern Australia. II. Vegetation catenae an environmental gradients. Aust. J. Bot. 22, 40–115 (1973).
Moura, M. R., Villalobos, F., Costa, G. C. & Garcia, P. C. A. Disentangling the role of climate, topography and vegetation in species richness gradients. PLoS ONE 11(3), 0152468 (2016).
Google Scholar
Neri, A. V. et al. Soil and altitude drives diversity and functioning of Brazilian Páramos (Campo de Altitude). J. plant. Ecol. 10(5), 771–779 (2016).
Benites, V. M., Schaefer, C. E. G. R., Simas, F. N. B., Santos, H. G. & Mendonca, B. A. F. Soils associated to rock outcrops in the Brazilian mountain ranges Mantiqueira and Espinhaço. Rev. Bras. Bot. 30, 569–577 (2007).
Google Scholar
Flynn, D. F. B. et al. Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa. Ecol. Lett. 12, 22–33 (2009).
Google Scholar
Zuo, X. A. et al. Testing associations of plant functional diversity with along a restoration gradient of sandy grassland. Front. Plant. Sci. 7, 1–11 (2016).
Google Scholar
Myers-Smith, I. H. et al. Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 045509 (2011).
Google Scholar
Vankoughnett, M. R. & Grogan, P. Nitrogen isotope tracer acquisition in low and tall birch tundra plant communities: A 2-year test of the snow–shrub hypothesis. Biogeochemistry 118, 291–306 (2014).
Google Scholar
Pescador, D. S., de Bello, F., Valladares, F. & Escudero, A. Plant trait variation along an altitudinal gradient in Mediterranean high mountain grasslands: Controlling the species turnover effect. PLoS ONE 10, e0118876 (2015).
Google Scholar
Pescador, D. S., Sierra-Almeida, A., Torres, P. J. & Escudero, A. Summer freezing resistance: A critical filter for plant community assemblies in Mediterranean high mountains. Front. Plant. Sci. 7, 194 (2016).
Google Scholar
Heydarnejad, S. & Ranjbar, A. Investigation of the effect of salinity stress on growth characteristic and ion accumulation in plants. J. Desert Ecos. Eng. 3(4), 1–10 (2013).
Perez-Harguindeguy, N. et al. New handbook for standardized measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust. J. Bot. 61, 167–234 (2013).
Google Scholar
Cornelissen, J. H. C. et al. A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust. J. Bot. 51, 335–380 (2003).
Google Scholar
Raunkiaer, C. The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography (Oxford University Press, 1934).
Gee, G. W. & Bauder, J. W. Particle size analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1, 2nd ed. (ed Klute, A.) Agronomy Monographs, Vol. 9, 383–409 (Am. Soc. Agr., 1986).
Bremner, J. M. In Nitrogen-Total Methods of Soil Analysis. (eds Sparks, D. L.) Soil Sci Soc Am J. 1085–1122 (Am Soc Agr. Inc, 1996).
Walkley, A. & Black, I. A. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37, 29–38 (1934).
Google Scholar
Nelson, D. W. & Sommers, L. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter 1. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbi‐ological properties, (methodsofsoilan2), 539–579 (1982).
Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R. Methods of soil analysis, 2nd ed. In Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (eds Page, A. L. et al.) 1–129 (ASA, SSSA, 1982).
Food and Agriculture Organization-FAO. Management of gypsiferous soils. Soil Bulletin, 62, (FAO, 1990).
Chao, A. et al. Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: A framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecol. Monogr. 84, 45–67 (2014).
Google Scholar
Shipley, B., Vile, D. & Garnier, É. from plant traits to plant communities: A statistica mechanistic approach to biodiversity. Science 314(5800), 812–814 (2006).
Google Scholar
Zhu, J., Jiang, L. & Zhang, Y. Relationships between functional diversity and aboveground biomass production in the Northern Tibetan alpine grasslands. Sci. Rep. 6, 34105 (2016).
Google Scholar
Laliberte, E. & Legendre, P. A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology 91(1), 299–305 (2010).
Google Scholar
Wheeler, D. & Tiefelsdorf, M. Multicollinearity and correlation among local regression coefficients in geographically weighted regression. J. Geogr. Syst. 7, 161–187 (2005).
Google Scholar
Fox, J. & Weisberg, S. A review of: an R companion to applied regression, second edition. J. Biopharm. Stat. 22, 418–419 (2011).
Brien, R. M. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Qual. Quant. 41, 673–690 (2007).
Google Scholar
Dray, S., Legendre, P. & Blanchet, F. G. packfor: forward selection with permutation (Canoco p. 46). (2011) http://R-Forge.R-project.org/projects/sedar (Accessed 7 Nov 2016).
Blanchet, F. G., Legendre, P. & Borcard, D. Forward selection of explanatory variables. Ecology 89, 2623–2632 (2008).
Google Scholar
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package (2017).
Wickham, H. et al. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis 2nd edn. (Springer International Publishing, 2016).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com