Angilletta, M. J. Thermal Adaptation: A Theoretical and Empirical Synthesis (Oxford Univ. Press, 2009).
Cossins, A. R. & Bowler, K. Temperature Biology of Animals (Chapman and Hall, 1987).
Sunday, J. M. et al. Thermal-safety margins and the necessity of thermoregulatory behavior across latitude and elevation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 5610–5615 (2014).
Google Scholar
Perry, A. L., Low, P. J., Ellis, J. R. & Reynolds, J. D. Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308, 1912–1915 (2005).
Google Scholar
Kellermann, V. et al. Upper thermal limits of Drosophila are linked to species distributions and strongly constrained phylogenetically. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 16228–16233 (2012).
Google Scholar
IPCC. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).
Hofmann, G. E. & Todgham, A. E. Living in the now: physiological mechanisms to tolerate a rapidly changing environment. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 72, 127–145 (2010).
Google Scholar
Schulte, P. M. The effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism: towards a mechanistic understanding of the responses of ectotherms to a changing environment. J. Exp. Biol. 218, 1856–1866 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sunday, J. et al. Thermal tolerance patterns across latitude and elevation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 374, 20190036 (2019).
Parratt, S. R. et al. Temperatures that sterilize males better match global species distributions than lethal temperatures. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 481–484 (2021).
Sunday, J. M., Bates, A. E. & Dulvy, N. K. Thermal tolerance and the global redistribution of animals. Nat. Clim. Change 2, 686–690 (2012).
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Animal physiology: Adaptation and Environment 5th edn (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997).
Dell, A. I., Pawar, S. & Savage, V. M. Systematic variation in the temperature dependence of physiological and ecological traits. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 10591–10596 (2011).
Google Scholar
Seebacher, F., White, C. R. & Franklin, C. E. Physiological plasticity increases resilience of ectothermic animals to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 61–66 (2014).
Dillon, M. E., Wang, G. & Huey, R. B. Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming. Nature 467, 704–706 (2010).
Google Scholar
Deutsch, C. A. et al. Increase in crop losses to insect pests in a warming climate. Science 361, 916–919 (2018).
Google Scholar
Jørgensen, L. B., Malte, H. & Overgaard, J. How to assess Drosophila heat tolerance: unifying static and dynamic tolerance assays to predict heat distribution limits. Funct. Ecol. 33, 629–642 (2019).
Hollingsworth, M. J. Temperature and length of life in Drosophila. Exp. Gerontol. 4, 49–55 (1969).
Google Scholar
Fry, F. E. J., Hart, J. S. & Walker, K. F. Lethal Temperature Relations for a Sample of Young Speckled Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis 9–35 (Univ. Toronto, 1946).
MacLean, H. J. et al. Evolution and plasticity of thermal performance: an analysis of variation in thermal tolerance and fitness in 22 Drosophila species. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 374, 20180548 (2019).
Pörtner, H.-O. & Farrell, A. P. Physiology and climate change. Science 322, 690–692 (2008).
Google Scholar
Ørsted, M., Jørgensen, L. B. & Overgaard, J. Finding the right thermal limit: a framework to reconcile ecological, physiological, and methodological aspects of CTmax in ectotherms. J. Exp. Biol. 225, jeb244514 (2022).
Brown, J. H., Gillooly, J. F., Alle, A. P., Savage, V. M. & West, G. B. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85, 1771–1789 (2004).
Munch, S. B. & Salinas, S. Latitudinal variation in lifespan within species is explained by the metabolic theory of ecology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 13860–13864 (2009).
Google Scholar
Jørgensen, L. B., Malte, H., Ørsted, M., Klahn, N. A. & Overgaard, J. A unifying model to estimate thermal tolerance limits in ectotherms across static, dynamic and fluctuating exposures to thermal stress. Sci. Rep. 11, 12840 (2021).
Google Scholar
Rezende, E. L., Castañeda, L. E. & Santos, M. Tolerance landscapes in thermal ecology. Funct. Ecol. 28, 799–809 (2014).
Bowler, K. Heat death in poikilotherms: is there a common cause? J. Therm. Biol. 76, 77–79 (2018).
Google Scholar
Somero, G. N. The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and genetic adaptation will determine ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 912–920 (2010).
Google Scholar
Buckley, L. B., Huey, R. B. & Kingsolver, J. G. Asymmetry of thermal sensitivity and the thermal risk of climate change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 31, 2231–2244 (2022).
Overgaard, J., Kearney, M. R. & Hoffmann, A. A. Sensitivity to thermal extremes in Australian Drosophila implies similar impacts of climate change on the distribution of widespread and tropical species. Glob. Change Biol. 20, 1738–1750 (2014).
Pinsky, M. L., Eikeset, A. M., McCauley, D. J., Payne, J. L. & Sunday, J. M. Greater vulnerability to warming of marine versus terrestrial ectotherms. Nature 569, 108–111 (2019).
Google Scholar
Huey, R. B. et al. Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 1665–1679 (2012).
Kearney, M., Shine, R. & Porter, W. P. The potential for behavioral thermoregulation to buffer ‘cold-blooded’ animals against climate warming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3835–3840 (2009).
Google Scholar
Woods, H. A., Dillon, M. E. & Pincebourde, S. The roles of microclimatic diversity and of behavior in mediating the responses of ectotherms to climate change. J. Therm. Biol 54, 86–97 (2015).
Google Scholar
Stevenson, R. D. The relative importance of behavioral and physiological adjustments controlling body temperature in terrestrial ectotherms. Am. Nat. 126, 362–386 (1985).
Chen, I., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B. & Thomas, C. D. Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 333, 1024–1026 (2011).
Google Scholar
Buckley, L. B. & Kingsolver, J. G. Functional and phylogenetic approaches to forecasting species’ responses to climate change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 43, 205–226 (2012).
Roeder, K. A., Bujan, J., de Beurs, K. M., Weiser, M. D. & Kaspari, M. Thermal traits predict the winners and losers under climate change: an example from North American ant communities. Ecosphere 12, e03645 (2021).
Penick, C. A., Diamond, S. E., Sanders, N. J. & Dunn, R. R. Beyond thermal limits: comprehensive metrics of performance identify key axes of thermal adaptation in ants. Funct. Ecol. 31, 1091–1100 (2017).
Deutsch, C. A. et al. Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 6668–6672 (2008).
Google Scholar
Huey, R. B. & Stevenson, R. D. Integrating thermal physiology and ecology of ectotherms: a discussion of approaches. Integr. Comp. Biol. 19, 357–366 (1979).
Sinclair, B. J. et al. Can we predict ectotherm responses to climate change using thermal performance curves and body temperatures? Ecol. Lett. 19, 1372–1385 (2016).
Google Scholar
Tewksbury, J. J., Huey, R. B. & Deutsch, C. A. Putting the heat on tropical animals the scale of prediction. Science 320, 1296–1297 (2008).
Google Scholar
Kingsolver, J. G., Diamond, S. E. & Buckley, L. B. Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for terrestrial ectotherms. Funct. Ecol. 27, 1415–1423 (2013).
Kingsolver, J. G. & Woods, H. A. Beyond thermal performance curves: modeling time-dependent effects of thermal stress on ectotherm growth rates. Am. Nat. 187, 283–294 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kingsolver, J. G., Higgins, J. K. & Augustine, K. E. Fluctuating temperatures and ectotherm growth: distinguishing non-linear and time-dependent effects. J. Exp. Biol. 218, 2218–2225 (2015).
Google Scholar
Clusella-Trullas, S., Garcia, R. A., Terblanche, J. S. & Hoffmann, A. A. How useful are thermal vulnerability indices? Trends Ecol. Evol. 36, 1000–1010 (2021).
Google Scholar
Pincebourde, S. & Casas, J. Narrow safety margin in the phyllosphere during thermal extremes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 5588–5596 (2019).
Google Scholar
Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).
Moss, R. H. et al. The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature 463, 747–756 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hausfather, Z. & Peters, G. P. Emissions—the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading. Nature 577, 618–620 (2020).
Google Scholar
Tollefson, J. How hot will Earth get by 2100? Nature 580, 443–445 (2020).
Google Scholar
Assis, J. et al. Bio‐ORACLE v2.0: extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 27, 277–284 (2018).
Tyberghein, L. et al. Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21, 272–281 (2012).
Jørgensen, L. B., Ørsted, M., Malte, H., Wang, T. & Overgaard, J. Data from: Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6979789 (2022).
Grove, T. J., McFadden, L. A., Chase, P. B. & Moerland, T. S. Effects of temperature, ionic strength and pH on the function of skeletal muscle myosin from a eurythermal fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 26, 191–197 (2005).
Google Scholar
Doudoroff, P. The resistance and acclimatization of marine fishes to temperature changes. II. Experiments with Fundulus and Atherinops. Biol. Bull. 88, 194–206 (1945).
Sirikharin, R., Söderhäll, I. & Söderhäll, K. Characterization of a cold-active transglutaminase from a crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 80, 546–549 (2018).
Google Scholar
Becker, C. D. & Genoway, R. G. Resistance of crayfish to acute thermal shock: preliminary studies. in Proc. Thermal Ecology NTIS Conf. 730505 (eds Gibbons, J. W. & Sharitz, R. R.) 146–150 (NTIS, 1974).
Widdows, J. Effect of temperature and food on the heart beat, ventilation rate and oxygen uptake of Mytilus edulis. Mar. Biol. 20, 269–276 (1973).
Wallis, R. L. Thermal tolerance of Mytilus edulis of eastern Australia. Mar. Biol. 30, 183–191 (1975).
Gray, J. The mechanism of ciliary movement. III. The effect of temperature. Proc. R. Soc. B 95, 6–15 (1923).
Google Scholar
Shertzer, R. H., Hart, R. G. & Pavlick, F. M. Thermal acclimation in selected tissues of the leopard frog Rana pipiens. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 51, 327–334 (1975).
Google Scholar
Orr, P. R. Heat death. II. Differential response of entire animal (Rana pipiens) and several organ systems. Physiol. Zool. 28, 294–302 (1955).
Lighton, J. R. B. & Duncan, F. D. Energy cost of locomotion: validation of laboratory data by in situ respirometry. Ecology 83, 3517–3522 (2002).
Heatwole, H. & Harrington, S. Heat tolerances of some ants and beetles from the pre-Saharan steppe of Tunisia. J. Arid Environ. 16, 69–77 (1989).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
