Mikusiński, G., Roberge, J. M. & Fuller, R. J. Ecology and Conservation of Forest Birds (Cambridge University Press, 2018).
Google Scholar
Newton, I. The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds: a review. Biol. Conserv. 70, 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90172-4 (1994).
Google Scholar
Korpimäki, E. & Hakkarainen, H. The Boreal Owl: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation of a Forest-Dwelling Predator (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Google Scholar
Glutz von Blotzheim, U. N. & Bauer, K. M. Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas. Band 9. (Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 1980).
Newton, I. Population Limitation in Birds (Academic press, 1998).
Moning, C. & Müller, J. Environmental key factors and their thresholds for the avifauna of temperate montane forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 256, 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.018 (2008).
Google Scholar
Walankiewicz, W., Czeszczewik, D., Stański, T., Sahel, M. & Ruczyński, I. Tree cavity resources in spruce-pine managed and protected stands of the Białowieża Forest, Poland. Nat. Areas J. 34, 423–428. https://doi.org/10.3375/043.034.0404 (2014).
Google Scholar
Lambrechts, M. M. et al. The design of artificial nestboxes for the study of secondary hole-nesting birds: a review of methodological inconsistencies and potential biases. Acta Ornithol. 45, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3161/000164510X516047 (2010).
Google Scholar
Lambrechts, M. M. et al. Nest box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies: a review. J. Ornithol. 153, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0720-3 (2012).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Kubizňák, P., Šindelář, J. & Hlaváč, V. Smart nest box: a tool and methodology for monitoring of cavity-dwelling animals. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12509 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kubizňák, P. et al. Designing network-connected systems for ecological research and education. Ecosphere 10(6), e02761. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2761 (2019).
Google Scholar
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V., Lõhmus, A. & Leivits, A. Providing nest boxes for hole-nesting birds—Does habitat matter?. Biodivers. Conserv. 14, 1823–1840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-1039-7 (2005).
Google Scholar
König, C. & Weick, F. Owls of the World 2nd ed. (Christopher Helm, 2008).
Morelli, F., Benedetti, Y., Møller, A. P. & Fuller, R. A. Measuring avian specialization. Ecol. Evol. 9, 8378–8386. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5419 (2019).
Google Scholar
Ševčík, R., Riegert, J., Šťastný, K., Zárybnický, J. & Zárybnická, M. The effect of environmental variables on owl distribution in Central Europe: A case study from the Czech Republic. Ecol. Inform. 64, 101375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101375 (2021).
Google Scholar
Brambilla, M. et al. Species interactions and climate change: How the disruption of species co-occurrence will impact on an avian forest guild. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 1212–1224. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14953 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hayward, G. D., Hayward, P. H. & Garton, E. O. Ecology of boreal owl in the northern Rocky-Mountains, USA. Wildl. Monogr. 124, 3–59 (1993).
Zárybnická, M., Riegert, J. & Šťastný, K. The role of Apodemus mice and Microtus voles in the diet of the Tengmalm’s owl in Central Europe. Popul. Ecol. 55, 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-013-0367-4 (2013).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Sedláček, O., Salo, P., Šťastný, K. & Korpimäki, E. Reproductive responses of temperate and boreal Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus populations to spatial and temporal variation in prey availability. Ibis 157, 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12244 (2015).
Google Scholar
Mossop, D. H. The importance of old growth refugia in the Yukon boreal forest to cavity-nesting owls in Biology and Conservation of Owls of the Northern Hemisphere (eds. Duncan, J. R., Johnson, D. H. & Nicholls, T. H.) 584–586 (Forest Service General Technical Report GTR-NC-190, 1997).
Domahidi, Z., Nielsen, S., Bayne, E. & Spence, J. Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) breeding records in managed boreal forests. Can. Field-Nat. 134, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i2.2146 (2020).
Whitman, J. S. Diets of nesting boreal owls, Aegolius funereus, in western interior Alaska. Can. Field-Nat. 115, 476–479 (2001).
Whitman, J. S. Post-fledging estimation of annual productivity in boreal owls based on prey detritus mass. J. Raptor Res. 42, 58–60. https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-06-88.1 (2008).
Google Scholar
Anderson, A. G. Wildfire impacts on nest provisioning and survival of Alaskan boreal owls. Master thesis, Miami University, Ohio (2017).
Hayward, G. D., Steinhorst, R. K. & Hayward, P. H. Monitoring boreal owl populations with nest boxes: sample size and cost. J. Wildl. Manage. 56, 777–785. https://doi.org/10.2307/3809473 (1992).
Google Scholar
Koopman, M. E., McDonald, D. B. & Hayward, G. D. Microsatellite analysis reveals genetic monogamy among female boreal owls. J. Raptor Res. 41, 314–318. https://doi.org/10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[314:MARGMA]2.0.CO;2 (2007).
Google Scholar
Fang, Y., Tang, S.-H., Gu, Y. & Sun, Y.-H. Conservation of Tengmalm’s owl and Sichuan wood owl in Lianhuashan Mountain, Gansu, China. Ardea 97, 649–649. https://doi.org/10.5253/078.097.0437 (2009).
Google Scholar
Löfgren, O., Hörnfeldt, B. & Carlsson, B. Site tenacity and nomadism in Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus (L.)) in relation to cyclic food production. Oecologia 69, 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377051 (1986).
Google Scholar
Hörnfeldt, B. & Nyholm, N. E. I. Breeding performance of Tengmalm’s owl in a heavy metal pollution gradient. J. Appl. Ecol. 33, 377–386. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404759 (1996).
Google Scholar
Hipkiss, T., Hörnfeldt, B., Eklund, U. & Berlin, S. Year-dependent sex-biased mortality in supplementary-fed Tengmalm’s owl nestlings. J. Anim. Ecol. 71, 693–699. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.t01-1-00635.x (2002).
Google Scholar
Hipkiss, T., Gustafsson, J., Eklund, U. & Hörnfeldt, B. Is the long-term decline of boreal owls in Sweden caused by avoidance of old boxes?. J. Raptor Res. 47, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-11-91.1 (2013).
Google Scholar
Korpimäki, E. Selection for nest-hole shift and tactics of breeding dispersal in Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus. J. Anim. Ecol. 56, 185–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/4808 (1987).
Google Scholar
Drdáková-Zárybnická, M. Breeding biology of the Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in air-pollution damaged areas of the Krušné hory Mts. Sylvia 39, 35–51 (2003).
Zárybnická, M., Riegert, J., Kloubec, B. & Obuch, J. The effect of elevation and habitat cover on nest box occupancy and diet composition of boreal owls Aegolius funereus. Bird Study 64, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2017.1316236 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Kloubec, B., Obuch, J. & Riegert, J. Fledgling productivity in relation to diet composition of Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus in Central Europe. Ardeola 62, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.62.1.2015.163 (2015).
Google Scholar
Kloubec, B. Breeding of Tengmalm’s owls (Aegolius funereus) in nest-boxes in Šumava Mts.: a summary from the years 1978–2002. Buteo 13, 75–86 (2003).
Flousek, J. Ochrana sov v Krkonošském národním parku in Sovy 1986 (eds. Sitko, J. & Trpák, P.) 33–34 (Státní ústav památkové péče a ochrany přírody, Přerov, 1988).
Ravussin, P.-A. et al. Quel avenir pour la Chouette de Tengmalm Aegolius funereus dans le massif du Jura? Bilan de trente années de suivi. Nos Oiseaux 62, 5–28 (2015).
Schelper, W. Zur Brutbiologie, Ernährung und Populationsdynamik des Rauhfusskauzes Aegolius funereus im Kaufunger Wald (Südniedersachsen). Vogelkundliche Berichte aus Niedersachsen 21, 33–53 (1989).
Schwerdtfeger, O. The dispersion dynamics of Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus in Central Europe in Raptor Conservation Today (eds. Meyburg, B. U. & Chancellor, R. C.) 543–550 (World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Pica Press, 1994).
Hunke, W. Versuch eine Population des Raufußkauzes Aegolius funereus durch Anbringen von Nistkästen in den Jahren 1980 bis 2010 zu fördern. Charadrius 47, 93–101 (2011).
Mezzavilla, F. & Lombardo, S. Indagini sulla biologia riproduttiva della civetta capogrosso Aegolius funereus: anni 1987–2012 in Atti Secondo Convegno Italiano Rapaci Diurni e Notturni Vol. 3 (eds. Mezzavilla, F. & Scarton, F.) 261–270 (Associazione Faunisti Veneti, Quaderni Faunistici, 2013).
Rajković, D. Diet composition and prey diversity of Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758; Aves: Strigidae) in central Serbia during breeding. Turk. J. Zool. 42, 346–351. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1709-28 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Riegert, J. & Šťastný, K. Non-native spruce plantations represent a suitable habitat for Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. J. Ornithol. 156, 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-014-1145-6 (2015).
Google Scholar
Kopáček, J. & Veselý, J. Sulfur and nitrogen emissions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1850 till 2000. Atmos. Environ. 39, 2179–2188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.002 (2005).
Google Scholar
Kloubec, B., Hora, J. & Šťastný, K. (eds.). Ptáci jižních Čech (Jihočeský kraj, 2015).
Ševčík, R., Riegert, J., Šindelář, J. & Zárybnická, M. Vocal activity of the Central European boreal owl population in relation to varying environmental conditions. Ornis Fenn. 96, 1–12 (2019).
Savický, J. AM Services – Play Spectrogram Screens v. 4v7 (Czech Republic, 2009).
Korpimäki, E. Diet of breeding Tengmalm’s owls Aegolius funereus: long-term changes and year-to-year variation under cyclic food conditions. Ornis Fenn. 65, 21–30 (1988).
Kouba, M. et al. Home range size of Tengmalm’s owl during breeding in Central Europe is determined by prey abundance. PLoS ONE 12, e0177314. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177314 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Sedláček, O. & Korpimäki, E. Do Tengmalm’s owls alter parental feeding effort under varying conditions of main prey availability?. J. Ornithol. 150, 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-008-0342-6 (2009).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2020).
ter Braak, C. & Šmilauer, P. Canoco Reference Manual and User’s Guide: Software for Ordination, version 5.10. (Microcomputer Power, 2018).
Kosiński, Z. & Kempa, M. Density, distribution and nest-sites of woodpeckers Picidae, in a managed forest of Western Poland. Pol. J. Ecol. 55, 519–533 (2007).
Miller, K. E. Nest-site limitation of secondary cavity-nesting birds in even-age southern pine forests. Wilson J. Ornithol. 122, 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1676/07-130.1 (2010).
Google Scholar
Sonerud, G. A. Nest hole shift in Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus as defence against nest predation involving long-term memory in the predator. J. Anim. Ecol. 54, 179–192. https://doi.org/10.2307/4629 (1985).
Google Scholar
Sonerud, G. A. Reduced predation by pine martens on nests of Tengmalm’s owl in relocated boxes. Anim. Behav. 37, 332–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(89)90122-X (1989).
Google Scholar
Sonerud, G. A. Win – and stay, but not too long: cavity selection by boreal owls to minimize nest predation by pine marten. J. Ornithol. 162, 839–855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01876-y (2021).
Google Scholar
Korpimäki, E. Does nest-hole quality, poor breeding success or food depletion drive the breeding dispersal of Tengmalm’s owls?. J. Anim. Ecol. 62, 606–613. https://doi.org/10.2307/5382 (1993).
Google Scholar
Hruška, F. The boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) – breeding distribution, numbers, ringing results and notes on the breeding biology and feeding ecology of this species in the central part of the Jihlavské vrchy Hills. Crex 38, 112–150 (2020).
Broughton, R. et al. Nest-site competition between bumblebees (Bombidae), social wasps (Vespidae) and cavity-nesting birds in Britain and the Western Palearctic. Bird Study 62, 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1046811 (2015).
Google Scholar
Pawlikowski, T. & Pawlikowski, K. Nesting interactions of the social wasp Dolichovespula saxonica [F.] (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) in wooden nest boxes for birds in the forest reserve „Las Piwnicki” in the Chełmno Land (Northern Poland). Ecol. Quest. 13, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10090-010-0017-9 (2010).
Langowska, A., Ekner-Grzyb, A., Skórka, P., Tobółka, M. & Tryjanowski, P. Nest-site tenacity and dispersal patterns of Vespa crabro colonies located in bird nest-boxes. Sociobiology 56, 375–382 (2010).
Meyer, W. Mit welchem Erfolg nutzt der Rauhfusskauz Aegolius funereus (L.) Natruhölen und Nistkästen zur Brut. Vogelwelt 124, 325–331 (2003).
López, B. C. et al. Nest-box use by boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) in the Pyrenees Mountains in Spain. J. Raptor Res. 44, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-09-32.1 (2010).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M., Riegert, J. & Kouba, M. Indirect food web interactions affect predation of Tengmalm’s owls Aegolius funereus nests by pine martens Martes martes according to the alternative prey hypothesis. Ibis 157, 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12265 (2015).
Google Scholar
Zárybnická, M. & Vojar, J. Effect of male provisioning on the parental behavior of female boreal owls Aegolius funereus. Zool. Stud. 52, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/1810-522X-52-36 (2013).
Google Scholar
Llambías, P. & Fernandez, G. Effects of nestboxes on the breeding biology of southern house wrens Troglodytes aedon bonariae in the southern temperate zone. Ibis 151, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00868.x (2009).
Google Scholar
Vrezec, A. Breeding density and altitudinal distribution of the Ural, tawny, and boreal owls in North Dinaric Alps (Central Slovenia). J. Raptor Res. 37, 55–62 (2003).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
