Meredith M, Sommerkorn M, Cassotta S, Derksen C, Ekaykin A, Hollowed A. IPCC special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate In: Pörtner H-O, Roberts D, Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska Eea, editors. 2022; chapter 3: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964 (in press).
Rozema PD, Venables HJ, van de Poll WH, Clarke A, Meredith MP, Buma AGJ. Interannual variability in phytoplankton biomass and species composition in northern Marguerite Bay (West Antarctic Peninsula) is governed by both winter sea ice cover and summer stratification. Limnol Oceanogr. 2017;62:235–52.
Google Scholar
Venables HJ, Clarke A, Meredith MP. Wintertime controls on summer stratification and productivity at the western Antarctic Peninsula. Limnol Oceanogr. 2013;58:1035–47.
Google Scholar
Barnes DKA, Souster T. Reduced survival of Antarctic benthos linked to climate-induced iceberg scouring. Nat Clim Change. 2011;1:365–8.
Google Scholar
Grange L, Tyler P, Peck L, Cornelius N. Long-term interannual cycles of the gametogenic ecology of the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2004;278:141–55.
Google Scholar
Schratzberger M, Ingels J. Meiofauna matters: The roles of meiofauna in benthic ecosystems. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2018;502:12–25.
Google Scholar
Mayor D, Thornton B, Jenkins H, Felgate S. Microbiota: the living foundation. In: Beninger P, editor. Mudflat ecology. Switzerland AG: Springer Nature 2018. p. 43–61.
Fonseca VG, Sinniger F, Gaspar JM, Quince C, Creer S, Power DM, et al. Revealing higher than expected meiofaunal diversity in Antarctic sediments: a metabarcoding approach. Sci Rep. 2017;7:6094.
Google Scholar
Vause BJ, Morley SA, Fonseca VG, Jazdzewska A, Ashton GV, Barnes DKA, et al. Spatial and temporal dynamics of Antarctic shallow soft-bottom benthic communities: ecological drivers under climate change. BMC Ecol. 2019;19:27.
Google Scholar
Danovaro R, Scopa M, Gambi C, Fraschetti S. Trophic importance of subtidal metazoan meiofauna: evidence from in situ exclusion experiments on soft and rocky substrates. Mar Biol. 2007;152:339–50.
Google Scholar
Watzin MC. The effects of meiofauna on settling macrofauna: meiofauna may structure macrofaunal communities. Oecologia. 1983;59:163–6.
Google Scholar
Schmidt JL, Deming JW, Jumars PA, Keil RG. Constancy of bacterial abundance in surficial marine sediments. Limnol Oceanogr. 1998;43:976–82.
Google Scholar
Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ. Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:6578–83.
Google Scholar
Burdige DJ. Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets? Chem Rev. 2007;107:467–85.
Google Scholar
Zou K, Thébault E, Lacroix G, Barot S. Interactions between the green and brown food web determine ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol. 2016;30:1454–65.
Google Scholar
Anderson TR, Pond DW, Mayor DJ. The role of microbes in the nutrition of detritivorous invertebrates: a stoichiometric analysis. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:2113.
Lacoste E, Piot A, Archambault P, McKindsey CW, Nozais C. Bioturbation activity of three macrofaunal species and the presence of meiofauna affect the abundance and composition of benthic bacterial communities. Mar Environ Res. 2018;136:62–70.
Google Scholar
Bonaglia S, Nascimento FJ, Bartoli M, Klawonn I, Bruchert V. Meiofauna increases bacterial denitrification in marine sediments. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5133.
Google Scholar
Riemann F, Helmke E. Symbiotic relations of sediment-agglutinating nematodes and bacteria in detrital habitats: the enzyme-sharing concept. Mar Ecol. 2002;23:93–113.
Google Scholar
dos Santos GAP, Derycke S, Fonseca-Genevois VG, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTS, Moens T. Differential effects of food availability on population growth and fitness of three species of estuarine, bacterial-feeding nematodes. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2008;355:27–40.
Google Scholar
Zeppilli D, Sarrazin J, Leduc D, Arbizu PM, Fontaneto D, Fontanier C, et al. Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts? Mar Biodivers. 2015;45:505–35.
Google Scholar
Moens T, Beninger PG. Meiofauna: an inconspicuous but important player in Mudflat ecology. In: Beninger P, editor. Mudflat ecology aquatic ecology series. 7. Switzerland: Springer; 2018.
Webb AL, Hughes KA, Grand MM, Lohan MC, Peck LS. Sources of elevated heavy metal concentrations in sediments and benthic marine invertebrates of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Total Environ. 2020;698:134268.
Google Scholar
Brown KM, Fraser KP, Barnes DK, Peck LS. Links between the structure of an Antarctic shallow-water community and ice-scour frequency. Oecologia. 2004;141:121–9.
Google Scholar
Stoeck T, Bass D, Nebel M, Christen R, Jones MDM, Breiner H-W, et al. Multiple marker parallel tag environmental DNA sequencing reveals a highly complex eukaryotic community in marine anoxic water. Mol Ecol. 2010;19:21–31.
Google Scholar
Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Huntley J, Fierer N, et al. Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. ISME J. 2012;6:1621–4.
Google Scholar
Leray M, Yang JY, Meyer CP, Mills SC, Agudelo N, Ranwez V, et al. A new versatile primer set targeting a short fragment of the mitochondrial COI region for metabarcoding metazoan diversity: application for characterizing coral reef fish gut contents. Front Zool. 2013;10:34.
Google Scholar
Martin M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet J. 2011;17:10–2.
Google Scholar
Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJ, Holmes SP. DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016;13:581–3.
Google Scholar
Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, Ma N, Papadopoulos J, Bealer K, et al. BLAST+: architecture and applications. BMC Bioinform. 2009;10:421.
Google Scholar
McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61217.
Google Scholar
Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:D590–6.
Google Scholar
Benson DA, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Wheeler DL. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33:D34–8.
Google Scholar
Wentworth CK. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. J Geol. 1922;30:377–92.
Google Scholar
Dean WE. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition; comparison with other methods. J Sediment Res. 1974;44:242–8.
Google Scholar
Tatzber M, Stemmer M, Spiegel H, Katzlberger C, Haberhauer G, Gerzabek MH. An alternative method to measure carbonate in soils by FT-IR spectroscopy. Environ Chem Lett. 2007;5:9–12.
Google Scholar
Hsieh CH, Reiss CS, Hunter JR, Beddington JR, May RM, Sugihara G. Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species. Nature. 2006;443:859–62.
Google Scholar
Elbrecht V, Braukmann TWA, Ivanova NV, Prosser SWJ, Hajibabaei M, Wright M, et al. Validation of COI metabarcoding primers for terrestrial arthropods. Peer J. 2019;7:e7745–e.
Google Scholar
Kirse A, Bourlat SJ, Langen K, Fonseca VG. Unearthing the potential of Soil eDNA metabarcoding—towards best practice advice for invertebrate biodiversity assessment. Front. Ecol. Evol. 2021;9:630560.
Google Scholar
Zhang GK, Chain FJJ, Abbott CL, Cristescu ME. Metabarcoding using multiplexed markers increases species detection in complex zooplankton communities. Evolut Appl. 2018;11:1901–14.
Google Scholar
Marquina D, Andersson AF, Ronquist F. New mitochondrial primers for metabarcoding of insects, designed and evaluated using in silico methods. Mol Ecol Resour. 2019;19:90–104.
Google Scholar
Leasi F, Sevigny JL, Laflamme EM, Artois T, Curini-Galletti M, de Jesus Navarrete A, et al. Biodiversity estimates and ecological interpretations of meiofaunal communities are biased by the taxonomic approach. Commun Biol. 2018;1:112.
Google Scholar
Giebner H, Langen K, Bourlat SJ, Kukowka S, Mayer C, Astrin JJ, et al. Comparing diversity levels in environmental samples: DNA sequence capture and metabarcoding approaches using 18S and COI genes. Mol Ecol Resour. 2020;20:1333–45.
Google Scholar
Vanhove S, Lee HJ, Beghyn M, Gansbeke DV, Brockington S, Vincx M. The Metazoan Meiofauna in its biogeochemical environment: the case of an Antarctic coastal sediment. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 1998;78:411–34.
Google Scholar
Pasotti F, Saravia LA, De Troch M, Tarantelli MS, Sahade R, Vanreusel A. Benthic Trophic Interactions in an Antarctic Shallow Water Ecosystem Affected by Recent Glacier Retreat. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0141742.
Google Scholar
Griffiths JR, Kadin M, Nascimento FJA, Tamelander T, Tornroos A, Bonaglia S, et al. The importance of benthic-pelagic coupling for marine ecosystem functioning in a changing world. Global Change Biology. 2017;23:2179–96.
Google Scholar
Virta L, Gammal J, Järnström M, Bernard G, Soininen J, Norkko J, et al. The diversity of benthic diatoms affects ecosystem productivity in heterogeneous coastal environments. Ecology. 2019;100:e02765.
Google Scholar
Malviya S, Scalco E, Audic S, Vincent F, Veluchamy A, Poulain J, et al. Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:E1516–25.
Google Scholar
Forster D, Dunthorn M, Mahe F, Dolan JR, Audic S, Bass D, et al. Benthic protists: the under-charted majority. Fems Microbiol Ecol. 2016;92:fiw120.
Google Scholar
Fonseca VG, Carvalho GR, Nichols B, Quince C, Johnson HF, Neill SP, et al. Metagenetic analysis of patterns of distribution and diversity of marine meiobenthic eukaryotes. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2014;23:1293–302.
Google Scholar
O’Malley MA. The nineteenth century roots of ‘everything is everywhere’. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:647–51.
Google Scholar
Pasotti F, Manini E, Giovannelli D, Wölfl A-C, Monien D, Verleyen E, et al. Antarctic shallow water benthos in an area of recent rapid glacier retreat. Mar Ecol. 2015;36:716–33.
Google Scholar
Molari M, Janssen F, Vonnahme TR, Wenzhöfer F, Boetius A. The contribution of microbial communities in polymetallic nodules to the diversity of the deep-sea microbiome of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m depth). Biogeosciences. 2020;17:3203–22.
Google Scholar
Signori CN, Thomas F, Enrich-Prast A, Pollery RCG, Sievert SM. Microbial diversity and community structure across environmental gradients in Bransfield Strait, Western Antarctic Peninsula. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:647.
Google Scholar
Ozturk RC, Feyzioglu AM, Altinok I. Prokaryotic community and diversity in coastal surface waters along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Pol Sci. 2021;31:100764.
Google Scholar
Ghiglione JF, Murray AE. Pronounced summer to winter differences and higher wintertime richness in coastal Antarctic marine bacterioplankton. Environ Microbiol. 2012;14:617–29.
Google Scholar
Luria CM, Ducklow HW, Amaral-Zettler LA. Marine bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic diversity and community structure on the continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Aquat Microbial Ecol. 2014;73:107–21.
Google Scholar
Cao S, He J, Zhang F, Lin L, Gao Y, Zhou Q. Diversity and community structure of bacterioplankton in surface waters off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Pol Res. 2019;38:3491.
Google Scholar
Walsh EA, Kirkpatrick JB, Rutherford SD, Smith DC, Sogin M, D’Hondt S. Bacterial diversity and community composition from seasurface to subseafloor. ISME J. 2016;10:979–89.
Google Scholar
Kiko R, Werner I, Wittmann A. Osmotic and ionic regulation in response to salinity variations and cold resistance in the Arctic under-ice amphipod Apherusa glacialis. Pol Biol. 2009;32:393–8.
Google Scholar
Zeppilli D, Leduc D, Fontanier C, Fontaneto D, Fuchs S, Gooday AJ, et al. Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review. Mar Biodivers. 2018;48:35–71.
Google Scholar
Arnosti C, Joergensen BB, Sagemann J, Thamdrup B. Temperature dependence of microbial degradation of organic matter in marine sediments: polysaccharide hydrolysis, oxygen consumption, and sulfate reduction. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1998;165:59–70.
Google Scholar
Fabiano M, Danovaro R. Enzymatic activity, bacterial distribution, and organic matter composition in sediments of the ross sea (Antarctica). Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64:3838–45.
Google Scholar
Kujawinski EB, Longnecker K, Barott KL, Weber RJM, Kido Soule, MC. Microbial community structure affects marine dissolved organic matter composition. Front Mar Sci. 2016;3:45.
Google Scholar
Barrett JE, Virginia RA, Hopkins DW, Aislabie J, Bargagli R, Bockheim JG, et al. Terrestrial ecosystem processes of Victoria Land, Antarctica. Soil Biol Biochem. 2006;38:3019–34.
Google Scholar
Ganzert L, Lipski A, Hubberten H-W, Wagner D. The impact of different soil parameters on the community structure of dominant bacteria from nine different soils located on Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. Fems Microbiol Ecol. 2011;76:476–91.
Google Scholar
Rusch A, Huettel M, Reimers CE, Taghon GL, Fuller CM. Activity and distribution of bacterial populations in Middle Atlantic Bight shelf sands. Fems Microbiol Ecol. 2003;44:89–100.
Google Scholar
Hemkemeyer M, Dohrmann AB, Christensen BT, Tebbe CC. Bacterial preferences for specific soil particle size fractions revealed by community analyses. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:149.
Google Scholar
Giere O. Meiobenthology: the microscopic motile fauna of aquatic sediments. 2nd ed: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2009. 527 p.
Fonseca VG, Carvalho GR, Sung W, Johnson HF, Power DM, Neill SP, et al. Second-generation environmental sequencing unmasks marine metazoan biodiversity. Nat Commun. 2010;1:98.
Google Scholar
Pitcher RC, Lawton P, Ellis N, Smith SJ, Incze LS, Wei C-L, et al. Exploring the role of environmental variables in shaping patterns of seabed biodiversity composition in regional-scale ecosystems. J Appl Ecol. 2012;49:670–9.
Google Scholar
Rose A, Ingels J, Raes M, Vanreusel A, Arbizu PM. Long-term iceshelf-covered meiobenthic communities of the Antarctic continental shelf resemble those of the deep sea. Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. 743–62 p.
Gonçalves-Araujo R, de Souza MS, Tavano VM, Garcia CAE. Influence of oceanographic features on spatial and interannual variability of phytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. J Mar Syst. 2015;142:1–15.
Google Scholar
Learman DR, Henson MW, Thrash JC, Temperton B, Brannock PM, Santos SR, et al. Biogeochemical and microbial variation across 5500 km of Antarctic surface sediment implicates organic matter as a driver of benthic community structure. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:284.
Google Scholar
Ghiglione JF, Galand PE, Pommier T, Pedros-Alio C, Maas EW, Bakker K, et al. Pole-to-pole biogeography of surface and deep marine bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:17633–8.
Google Scholar
Rosli N, Leduc D, Rowden A, Probert P. Review of recent trends in ecological studies of deep-sea meiofauna, with focus on patterns and processes at small to regional spatial scales. Mar Biodivers. 2017;48:13–34.
Google Scholar
Ruff SE, Probandt D, Zinkann A-C, Iversen M, Klaas C, Schwabe L, et al. Indications for algae-degrading benthic microbial communities in deep-sea sediments along the Antarctic Polar Front. Deep Sea Res Part II: Top Stud Oceanogr. 2014;108:6–16.
Google Scholar
El-Serehy HA, Al-Rasheid KA, Al-Misned FA, Al-Talasat AA, Gewik MM. Microbial-meiofaunal interrelationships in coastal sediments of the Red Sea. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2016;23:327–34.
Google Scholar
Danovaro R, Company JB, Corinaldesi C, D’Onghia G, Galil B, Gambi C, et al. Deep-sea biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea: the known, the unknown, and the unknowable. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e11832.
Google Scholar
Mussmann M, Pjevac P, Kruger K, Dyksma S. Genomic repertoire of the Woeseiaceae/JTB255, cosmopolitan and abundant core members of microbial communities in marine sediments. ISME J. 2017;11:1276–81.
Google Scholar
Hinger I, Pelikan C, Mußmann M. Role of the ubiquitous bacterial family Woeseiaceae for N2O production in marine sediments. Geophys Res Abstracts. 2019;21:17441.
Hoffmann K, Bienhold C, Buttigieg PL, Knittel K, Laso-Pérez R, Rapp JZ, et al. Diversity and metabolism of Woeseiales bacteria, global members of marine sediment communities. ISME J. 2020;14:1042–56.
Google Scholar
Mare MF. A study of a marine benthic community with special reference to the microorganisms. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 1942;25:517–54.
Google Scholar
Bott TL, Borchardt MA. Grazing of protozoa, bacteria, and diatoms by Meiofauna in lotic epibenthic communities. J North Am Bentholog Soc. 1999;18:499–513.
Google Scholar
Griffiths HJ. Antarctic marine biodiversity-what do we know about the distribution of life in the Southern Ocean? PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e11683.
Google Scholar
Convey P, Chown SL, Clarke A, Barnes DKA, Bokhorst S, Cummings V, et al. The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity. Ecol Monogr. 2014;84:203–44.
Google Scholar
Li L, Ma ZS. Species sorting and neutral theory analyses reveal archaeal and bacterial communities are assembled differently in hot springs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:464.
Google Scholar
Lee JE, Buckley HL, Etienne RS, Lear G. Both species sorting and neutral processes drive assembly of bacterial communities in aquatic microcosms. Fems Microbiol Ecol. 2013;86:288–302.
Google Scholar
Gansfort B, Fontaneto D, Zhai M. Meiofauna as a model to test paradigms of ecological metacommunity theory. Hydrobiologia. 2020;847:2645–63.
Google Scholar
Convey P, Peck LS. Antarctic environmental change and biological responses. Sci Adv. 2019;5:eaaz0888.
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
