in

Predation impact on threatened spur-thighed tortoises by golden eagles when main prey is scarce

  • Roff, D. A. The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis (Chapman and Hall, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sæther, B. E. & Bakke, O. Avian life history variation and contribution of demographic traits to the population growth rate. Ecology 81, 642–653 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koons, D. N., Pavard, S., Baudisch, A. & Metcalf, J. E. C. Is life-history buffering or lability adaptive in stochastic environments?. Oikos 118, 972–980 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, M. S., Haridas, C. V. & Lee, C. T. Demography in an increasingly variable world. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 141–148 (2006).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, W. F. & Doak, D. F. Buffering of life histories against environmental stochasticity: Accounting for a spurious correlation between the variabilities of vital rates and their contributions to fitness. Am. Nat. 163, 579–590 (2004).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripple, W. J. et al. Saving the world’s terrestrial megafauna. Bioscience 66(10), 807–812 (2016).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • He, F. et al. Disappearing giants: A review of threats to freshwater megafauna. WIREs Water 4, e1208 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, T. M., Cassey, P., Duncan, R. P., Evans, K. L. & Gaston, K. J. Avian extinction and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands. Science 305(5692), 1955–1958 (2004).

    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Courchamp, F., Langlais, M. & Sugihara, G. Rabbits killing birds: Modelling the hyperpredation process. J. Anim. Ecol. 69, 154–164 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roemer, G. W., Coonan, T. J., Garcelon, D. K., Bascompte, J. & Laughrin, L. Feral pigs facilitate hyperpredation by golden eagles and indirectly cause the decline of the island fox. Anim. Conserv. 4, 307–318 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristan, W. B. & Boarman, W. I. Spatial patterns of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises. Ecology 84, 2432–2443 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelan, C. J., Brown, J. S. & Maina, G. Search biases, frequency-dependent predation and species co-existence. Evol. Ecol. Res. 5, 329–343 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moleón, M., Almaraz, P. & Sánchez-Zapata, J. A. An emerging infectious disease triggering large-scale hyperpredation. PLoS ONE 3, e2307 (2008).

    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Moleón, M., Almaraz, P. & Sánchez-Zapata, J. A. Inferring ecological mechanisms from hunting bag data in wildlife management: A reply to blanco-aguiar et al. 2012. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 59, 599–608 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, A. M. & Hilker, F. M. Rabbits protecting birds: Hypopredation and limitations of hyperpredation. J. Theor. Biol. 297, 103–115 (2012).

    ADS 
    MathSciNet 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, F. B., Medica, P. A. & Lyons, C. L. Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley California. Copeia 1984(4), 811–820 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Graciá, E. et al. Assessment of the key evolutionary traits that prevent extinctions in human altered habitats using a spatially explicit individual-based model. Ecol. Model. 415, 108823 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Segura, A., Jiménez, J. & Acevedo, P. Predation of young tortoises by rabbits: The effect of habitat structure on tortoise detectability and abundance. Sci. Rep. 10, 1–9 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J. The golden eagle (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, W., Zenker, D. & Baumgart, W. Ein beitrag zum bestand und zur ernährung des steinadlers Aquila chrysaetos af der balkanhalbinsel. Beiträge zur Vogelskunde 21, 275–287 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Delibes, M., Calderón, J. & Hiraldo, F. Selección de presa y alimentación en españa del águila real (Aquila chrysaetos). Ardeola 21, 285–303 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Handrinos, G. The Golden Eagle in Greece. Actes 1er Coll. Intern. Aigle Royal en Europe, Arvieux, 1986: 18–22 (1987).

  • Bautista, J., Gil-Sánchez, J. M. & Moleón, M. Dieta del águila real en el sur de españa. Quercus 364, 17–23 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bautista, J., Castillo, S., Paz, J. L., Llamas, J. & Ellis, D. H. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) as potential predators of barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in northern Morocco: Evidences of predation. Go-South Bull. 15, 172–179 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouzmanov, G., Stoyanov, R. & Todorov, V. Sur la biologie et la Protection de l`Aigle royal Aquila chrysaetos en Bulgarie. In Eagle studies (eds Meyburg, B. & Chancellor, R.) 505–516 (World Working Group on Birds of Prey, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Capper, S. The predation of Testudo spp. By Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Dadia Forest Reserve, NE Greece. University of Reading (1998).

  • Karyakin, I. V., Kovalenko, A. V., Levin, A. S. & Pazhenkov, A. S. Eagles of the Aral-Caspian region Kazakhstan. Raptors Conserv. 22, 92–152 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou, N., Vlachos, C., Bakaloudis, D. E., Kazaklis, A., Birtsas, P. Study on the biology and management of raptors in Dadia forest–Evros. Thessaloniki, GR (1995).

  • Sidiropoulos, L. et al. Pronounced seasonal diet diversity expansion of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Northern Greece during the non-breeding season: The role of tortoises. Diversity 14(2), 135 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2020–3 (2020).

  • Graciá, E. et al. Expansion after expansion: dissecting the phylogeography of the widely distributed spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca (Testudines: Testudinidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 121, 641–654 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Graciá, E. et al. Genetic patterns of a range expansion: The spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca graeca in southeastern Spain. Amphib. Reptil. 32, 49–61 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Graciá, E. et al. The uncertainty of late pleistocene range expansions in the western Mediterranean: A case study of the colonization of south-eastern Spain by the spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca.. J. Biogeogr 40, 323–334 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anadón, J. D., Giménez, A., Perez, I., Martinez, M. & Esteve-Selma, M. A. Habitat selection by the spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca in a multisuccessional landscape: implications for habitat management. Biodivers. Conserv. 15, 2287–2299 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Caro, R. C. et al. Low tortoise abundances in pine forest plantations in forest-shrubland transition areas. PLoS ONE 12, e0173485 (2017).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Caro, R. C. et al. The limits of demographic buffering in coping with environmental variation. Oikos 130(8), 1346–1358 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Caro, R. C., Lima, M., Anadón, J. D., Graciá, E. & Giménez, A. Density dependence, climate and fires determine population fluctuations of the spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca. J. Zool. 300, 265–273 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Caro, R. C. et al. A low cost approach to estimate demographic rates using inverse modeling. Biol. Conserv. 237, 358–365 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Franco, M. V. et al. Sperm storage reduces the strength of the mate-finding allee effect. Ecol. Evol. 10(4), 1938–1948 (2020).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Graciá, E. et al. From troubles to solutions: Conservation of mediterranean tortoises under global change. Basic Appl. Herpetol. 34, 5–16 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, I. et al. Exurban sprawl increases the extinction probability of a threatened tortoise due to pet collections. Ecol. Model. 245, 19–30 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Moral, J. C. El águila real en España. Población reproductora en 2008 y método de censo. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. pp. 30–50 (2009).

  • Virgós, E., Cabezas-Díaz, S. & Lozano, J. Is the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) a threatened species in Spain? Sociological constraints in the conservation of species. Biodivers. Conserv. 16, 3489–3504 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández, C. Effect of the viral haemorrhagic pneumonia of the wild rabbit on the diet and breeding success of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos (L.). Rev. Ecol. Terre et Vie 48, 323–329 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Villafuerte, R., Luco, D. F., Gortázar, C. & Blanco, J. C. Effect on red fox litter size and diet after rabbit haemorrhagic disease in northeastern Spain. J. Zool. 240, 764–767 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez, J. A. & Zuberogoitia, I. The response of eagle owl (Bubo bubo) to an outbreak of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease. J. Ornithol. 142, 204–211 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moleón, M. et al. Large-scale spatiotemporal shifts in the diet of a predator mediated by an emerging infectious disease of its main prey. J. Biogeogr. 36, 1502–1515 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamakopoulos, T., Gatzoyannis, S., Poirazidis, K. Study on the assessment, the enhancement of the legal infrastructure and the management of the protected area in the forest of Dadia. Specific Environmental Study, WWF-Greece, Athens (1995).

  • Delibes, M., Hiraldo, F. The rabbit as prey in the Iberian Mediterranean ecosystem. In Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference. Guelph: University of Guelph. 1979: 614–622 (1979).

  • Futuyma, D. J. & Moreno, G. The evolution of ecological specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19, 207–233 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moleón, M. et al. Predator–prey relationships in a mediterranean vertebrate system: Bonelli’s eagles, rabbits and partridges. Oecologia 168, 679–689 (2012).

    ADS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedriani, J. M., Ferreras, P. & Delibes, M. Dietary response of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, to a decline of its main prey in the Doñana national park. J. Zool. 245, 214–218 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer, M. & Negro, J. J. The near extinction of two large European predators: Super specialists pay a price. Conserv. Biol. 18, 344–349 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lozano, J., Moleón, M. & Virgós, E. Biogeographical patterns in the diet of the wildcat, Felis silvestris Schreber, in Eurasia: Factors affecting the trophic diversity. J. Biogeogr. 33, 1076–1085 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgos, T. et al. Prey density determines the faecal-marking behaviour of a solitary predator, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 31, 219–230 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontiveros, D. & Pleguezuelos, J. M. Influence of prey densities in the distribution and breeding success of Bonelli’s eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus): Management implications. Biol. Conserv. 93, 19–25 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Araújo, M. S. & Gonzaga, M. O. Individual specialization in the hunting wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 61, 1855–1863 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, D. W. & Krebs, J. R. Foraging Theory 1st edn. (Monographs in Behavior and Ecology. Princeton University Press, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, J. A. et al. Golden Eagle dietary shifts following wildfire and shrub loss have negative consequences for nestling survivorship. Ornithol. Appl. 123(4), duabo34 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anadón, J. D., Wiegand, T. & Giménez, A. Individual-based movement models reveal sex-biased effects of landscape fragmentation on animal movement. Ecosphere 3, 1–32 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanz-Aguilar, A., Anadón, J. D., Giménez, A., Ballestar, R. & Oro, D. Coexisting with fire: The case of the terrestrial tortoise Testudo graeca in mediterranean shrublands. Biol. Conserv. 144, 1040–1049 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arroyo, B. Águila real – Aquila chrysaetos. In: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Morales, M. B. (Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (2017).

  • Arroyo, B., Ferreiro, E., Garza, V. El águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) en España. Censo, distribución, reproducción y conservación. Serie Técnica, ICONA. Madrid (1990).

  • Bautista, J., Gil-Sánchez, J. M., González Miras, E., Gómez, G. J. & Sánchez Balsera, J. L. Increase in the population of golden eagle in andalusian baetic system mountain ranges (southern of Spain): evidences of competition with the Bonelli’s eagle. Quercus 332, 16–22 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Caro, R. C., Graciá, E., Anadón, J. D. & Giménez, A. Maintained effects of fire on individual growth and survival rates in a spur-thighed tortoise population. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 59, 911–913 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beissinger, S. R. & McCullough, D. R. Population viability analysis (University of Chicago Press, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tylianakis, J. M., Didham, R. K., Bascompte, J. & Wardle, D. A. Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol. Lett. 11, 1351–1363 (2008).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Real, J. Biases in diet study methods in the Bonelli’s eagle. J. Wildl. Manag. 60(3), 632–638 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moleón, M. et al. Laying the foundations for a human-predator conflict solution: Assessing the impact of Bonelli’s eagle on rabbits and partridges. PLoS ONE 6, e22851 (2011).

    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteve-Selma, M. A., et al. Effects of climate change on the potential distribution of Testudo graeca in southeastern Iberian Peninsula. In Graciá E, Rodríguez-Caro RC and Giménez A. Conservation of Mediterranean tortoises under global change. Madrid. Asociación Herpetológica Española. ISBN: 978-84-921999-6-9.

  • Anadón, J. D., Giménez, A., Ballestar, R. & Pérez, I. Evaluation of local ecological knowledge as a method for collecting extensive data on animal abundance. Conserv. Biol. 23, 617–625 (2009).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Abad, V. Variaciones del Índice corporal en una población de tortuga mora (Testudo graeca) del Sureste Ibérico. MSc thesis, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain (2007).

  • Linden, H., Wikman, M. Goshawk predation on tetraonids: Availability of prey and diet of the predator in the breeding season. J. Anim. Ecol., 953–968 (1983).

  • Fevold, H. R. & Craighead, J. J. Food requirements of the golden eagle. Auk 75, 312–317 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collopy, M. W. Food consumption and growth energetics of nestling golden eagles. Wilson Bull. 445–458 (1986).

  • Blanco, J. C., Villafuerte, R. Factores ecológicos que influyen sobre las poblaciones de conejos. Efectos de la enfermedad hemorrágico vírica. TRAGSA, Madrid Spain (1993).


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    Doubling down on sustainability innovation in Kendall Square

    Simplifying the production of lithium-ion batteries