in

Recent expansion of oil palm plantations into carbon-rich forests

[adace-ad id="91168"]
  • Xu, Y. et al. Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12, 847–867 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijaard, E. et al. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat. Plants 6, 1418–1426 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillaume, T. et al. Carbon costs and benefits of Indonesian rainforest conversion to plantations. Nat. Commun. 9, 2388 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ordway, E. M. & Asner, G. P. Carbon declines along tropical forest edges correspond to heterogeneous effects on canopy structure and function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 7863–7870 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, M. C. et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342, 850 (2013).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Santoro, M. et al. The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 3927–3950 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, accessed 12 February 2020); www.protectedplanet.net

  • Mahmud, A., Rehrig, M. & Hills, G. Improving the Livelihoods of Palm Oil Smallholders: The Role of the Private Sector (FSG, 2010).

  • Lasco, R. Forest carbon budgets in Southeast Asia following harvesting and land cover change. Sci. China 45, 55–64 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Historical Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Climate Watch, accessed 6 October 2021); https://www.climatewatchdata.org/

  • Euler, M., Schwarze, S., Siregar, H. & Qaim, M. Oil palm expansion among smallholder farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia. J. Agric. Econ. 67, 658–676 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Donofrio, S., Rothrock, P. & Leonard, J. J. F. T. Supply Change: Tracking Corporate Commitments to Deforestation-free SupplyChains, 2017 (Forest Trends, 2017).

  • Rist, L., Feintrenie, L. & Levang, P. The livelihood impacts of oil palm: smallholders in Indonesia. Biodivers. Conserv. 19, 1009–1024 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Saadun, N. et al. Socio-ecological perspectives of engaging smallholders in environmental-friendly palm oil certification schemes. Land Use Policy 72, 333–340 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, M. C., Stehman, S. V. & Potapov, P. V. Quantification of global gross forest cover loss. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 8650 (2010).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Santoro, M. & Cartus, O. ESA Biomass Climate Change Initiative (Biomass_cci): Global datasets of forest above-ground biomass for the year 2017 v.1 (Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, 2019); https://doi.org/10.5285/bedc59f37c9545c981a839eb552e4084

  • Busch, J. et al. Reductions in emissions from deforestation from Indonesia’s moratorium on new oil palm, timber, and logging concessions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 1328–1333 (2015).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A. & Ene, E. FRAGSTATS v.4: spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps (Univ. Massachusetts, 2012).


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    Engineers enlist AI to help scale up advanced solar cell manufacturing

    Developing electricity-powered, low-emissions alternatives to carbon-intensive industrial processes