Lim, C. & Putnam, R. D. Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. Am. Sociol. Rev. 75, 914–933 (2010).
Fox, R. Kinship and marriage: an anthropological perspective/by Robin Fox. (1967).
Lévi-Strauss, C. The elementary structures of kinship. (Beacon Press, 1969).
Murdock, G. P. Social structure. Macmillan 387 (1949).
Chapais, B. Primeval kinship: how pair-bonding gave birth to human society. (Harvard University Press, 2009).
Walker, R. S. & Hill, K. R. Causes, consequences, and kin bias of human group fissions. Hum. Nat. 25, 465–475 (2014).
Google Scholar
Shenk, M. K., Towner, M. C., Voss, E. A. & Alam, N. Consanguineous marriage, kinship ecology, and market transition. Curr. Anthropol. 57, S167–S180 (2016).
Swann, W. B. Jr., Gómez, A., Seyle, D. C., Morales, J. F. & Huici, C. Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 96, 995–1011 (2009).
Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J. & Boyd, R. Complex societies. Hum. Nat. 10, 253–289 (1999).
Google Scholar
Zelinsky, W. The hypothesis of the mobility transition. Geogr. Rev. 61, 219–249 (1971).
Gurven, M., Jaeggi, A. V., von Rueden, C., Hooper, P. L. & Kaplan, H. Does market integration buffer risk, erode traditional sharing practices and increase inequality? A test among Bolivian forager-farmers. Hum. Ecol. Interdiscip. J. 43, 515–530 (2015).
Google Scholar
Godoy, R. A. et al. Do markets worsen economic inequalities? Kuznets in the Bush. Hum. Ecol. 32, 339–364 (2004).
Kaplan, H. A theory of fertility and parental investment in traditional and modern human societies. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 101, 91–135 (1996).
Duernecker, G. & Vega-Redondo, F. Social Networks and the Process of Globalization. Rev. Econ. Stud. 85, 1716–1751 (2017).
Google Scholar
Colleran, H. Market integration reduces kin density in women’s ego-networks in rural Poland. Nat. Commun. 11, 266 (2020).
Google Scholar
Wilding, R. Families, intimacy and globalization. (Macmillan International Higher Education, 2018).
Hackman, J. V. & Kramer, K. L. Kin Ties and market integration in a Yucatec Mayan Village. Soc. Sci. 10, 216 (2021).
Norenzayan, A. Big gods: How religion transformed cooperation and conflict. (Princeton University Press, 2013).
Lauder, W., Mummery, K. & Sharkey, S. Social capital, age and religiosity in people who are lonely. J. Clin. Nurs. 15, 334–340 (2006).
Google Scholar
Agate, S. T., Zabriskie, R. B. & Eggett, D. L. Praying, playing, and successful families. Marriage Fam. Rev. 42, 51–75 (2007).
Day, R. D. et al. Family processes and adolescent religiosity and religious practice: View from the NLSY97. Marriage Fam. Rev. 45, 289–309 (2009).
Fagan, P. F. Why religion matters even more: The impact of religious practice on social stability. Backgrounder 1992, 1–19 (2006).
Ellison, C. G. & George, L. K. Religious involvement, social ties, and social support in a Southeastern Community. J. Sci. Study Relig. 33, 46–61 (1994).
Ellison, C. G. & Xu, X. Religion and families. The Wiley Blackwell companion to the sociology of families 277–299 (2014).
Ginges, J., Hansen, I. & Norenzayan, A. Religion and support for suicide attacks. Psychol. Sci. 20, 224–230 (2009).
Google Scholar
Lynch, R., Palestis, B. G. & Trivers, R. Religious devotion and extrinsic religiosity affect in-group altruism and out-group hostility oppositely in rural Jamaica. Evol. Psychol. Sci. 3, 335 (2017).
Walker, R. S. & Bailey, D. H. Marrying kin in small-scale societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26, 384–388 (2014).
Google Scholar
Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R. & Nanetti, R. Y. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. (Princeton University Press, 1994).
Coleman, J. Foundations of Social Theory. (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1990).
Wuthnow, R. The Left Behind: Decline and Rage in Rural America. (Princeton University Press, 2018).
Sunstein, C. R. # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. (Princeton University Press, 2018).
Putnam, R. D. E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scan. Polit. Stud. 30, (2007).
Putnam, R. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. (Simon and Schuster, 2000).
Olson, M. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Second printing with new preface and appendix (Harvard Economic Studies). Harvard economic studies, v. 124 (Harvard University Press, 1971).
Granovetter, M. S. The strength of weak ties. Am. J. Sociol. (1973).
Lynch, R., Lummaa, V. & Panchanathan, K. Integration involves a trade-off between fertility and status for World War II evacuees. Nature Human Behaviour (2019).
Beyerlein, K. & Hipp, J. R. Social capital, too much of a good thing? American Religious Traditions and Community Crime. Soc. Forces 84, 995–1013 (2005).
Lewis, V. A., Macgregor, C. A. & Putnam, R. D. Religion, networks, and neighborliness: The impact of religious social networks on civic engagement. Soc. Sci. Res. 42, 331–346 (2013).
Google Scholar
Yu, M. & Stiffman, A. R. Positive family relationships and religious affiliation as mediators between negative environment and illicit drug symptoms in American Indian adolescents. Addict. Behav. 35, 694–699 (2010).
Google Scholar
Regnerus, M. D. & Burdette, A. Religious change and adolescent family dynamics. Sociol. Q. 47, 175–194 (2006).
Marks, L. Religion and family relational health: An overview and conceptual model. J. Relig. Health (2006).
Thornton, A. Reciprocal Influences of Family and Religion in a Changing World. J. Marriage Fam. Couns. 47, 381–394 (1985).
Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, A. & Murray-Swank, N. Religion and the Sanctification of Family Relationships. Rev. Relig. Res. 44, 220–236 (2003).
Mahoney, A. Religion in families 1999 to 2009: A relational spirituality framework. J. Marriage Fam. 72, 805–827 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ebstyne King, P. & Furrow, J. L. Religion as a resource for positive youth development: religion, social capital, and moral outcomes. Dev. Psychol. 40, 703–713 (2004).
Google Scholar
Dudley, M. G. & Kosinski, F. A. Religiosity and marital satisfaction: A research note. Rev. Relig. Res. 32, 78–86 (1990).
Milevsky, A., Smoot, K., Leh, M. & Ruppe, A. Familial and contextual variables and the nature of sibling relationships in emerging adulthood. Marriage Fam. Rev. 37, 123–141 (2005).
Galbraith, D. & Shaver, J. H. Religion and Fertility Bibliography. evolutionarydemographyofreligion.
Shaver, J. H., Sibley, C. G., Sosis, R., Galbraith, D. & Bulbulia, J. Alloparenting and religious fertility: A test of the religious alloparenting hypothesis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 40, 315–324 (2019).
Kaufmann, E. Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century. (Profile Books, 2010).
Ebaugh, H. R. & Curry, M. Fictive Kin as social capital in new immigrant communities. Sociol. Perspect. 43, 189–209 (2000).
Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., Woodward, A. T. & Brown, E. Racial and ethnic differences in extended family, friendship, fictive kin and congregational informal support networks. Fam. Relat. 62, 609–624 (2013).
Google Scholar
Durkheim, E. The elementary forms of the religious life. Preprint at (1915).
Rappaport, R. A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. vol. 110 (Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Hastings, O. P. Not a lonely crowd? Social connectedness, religious service attendance, and the spiritual but not religious. Soc. Sci. Res. 57, 63–79 (2016).
Google Scholar
Putnam, R. & Campbell, D. E. American grace: How religion is reshaping our civic and political lives. Preprint at (2010).
Turke, P. W. Evolution and the demand for children. Popul. Dev. Rev. 15, 61–90 (1989).
Sear, R. & Coall, D. How much does family matter? Cooperative breeding and the demographic transition. Popul. Dev. Rev. 37, 81–112 (2011).
Google Scholar
Jenkins, P. Fertility and Faith: The Demographic Revolution and the Transformation of World Religions. (Baylor University Press, 2020).
Rothstein, B. Corruption and social trust: Why the fish rots from the head down. Soc. Res. 80, 1009–1032 (2013).
Lynch, R, Schaffnit, S. and Shenk, M. OSF preregistration – Does religion help to preserve the density of kin networks often disrupted by globalization? Open Science Framework Registries. https://osf.io/xvyqm/registrations (2020).
Alam, N. et al. Health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) in Matlab, Bangladesh. Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 809–816 (2017).
Google Scholar
Icddr, B. Health and Demographic Surveillance System-Matlab. 2005 Socioeconomic Census (2007).
Imf. International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook Database. (2016).
Razzaque, A., Streatfield, P. K. & Evans, A. Family size and children’s education in Matlab, Bangladesh. J. Biosoc. Sci. 39, 245–256 (2007).
Google Scholar
Afsar, R. Unravelling the vicious cycle of recruitment: Labour migration from Bangladesh to the gulf states. http://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_norm/—declaration/documents/publication/wcms_106536.pdf (2009).
Kabeer, N. Ideas, economics and ‘the sociology of supply’: Explanations for fertility decline in Bangladesh. J. Dev. Stud. 38, 29–70 (2001).
Novak, J. J. Bangladesh: Reflections on the water. (Indiana University Press, 1993).
Shenk, M. K., Towner, M. C., Kress, H. C. & Alam, N. A model comparison approach shows stronger support for economic models of fertility decline. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 8045–8050 (2013).
Google Scholar
Devine, J., Hinks, T. & Naveed, A. Happiness in Bangladesh: The role of religion and connectedness. J. Happiness Stud. 20, 351–371 (2019).
Henrich, J. Market incorporation, agricultural change, and sustainability among the Machiguenga Indians of the Peruvian Amazon. Hum. Ecol. 25, 319–351 (1997).
Lu, F. Integration into the market among indigenous peoples: A cross-cultural perspective from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Curr. Anthropol. 48, 593–602 (2007).
Bürkner, P.-C. Advanced Bayesian Multilevel Modeling with the R Package brms. arXiv [stat.CO] (2017).
Team, R. C. & Others. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (2013).
Lynch, R. Kin_density_and-religiosity. (2021).
McElreath, R. Statistical rethinking. (2017).
Clarke, M. New kinship, Islam, and the liberal tradition: sexual morality and new reproductive technology in Lebanon. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 14, 153–169 (2008).
Swann, W. B. et al. What makes a group worth dying for? Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties, promoting self-sacrifice. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 106, 912–926 (2014).
Google Scholar
Benítez, D. M. Bangladesh: Economy Overview and Structural Changes. (2018).
Viry, G. Residential mobility and the spatial dispersion of personal networks: Effects on social support. Soc. Networks 34, 59–72 (2012).
Mok, D., Wellman, B. & Carrasco, J. Does distance matter in the age of the internet?. Urban Stud. 47, 2747–2783 (2010).
Rivera, M. T., Soderstrom, S. B. & Uzzi, B. Dynamics of dyads in social networks: Assortative, relational, and proximity mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 36, 91–115 (2010).
Pollet, T. V., Roberts, S. G. B. & Dunbar, R. I. M. Going that extra mile: Individuals travel further to maintain face-to-face contact with highly related kin than with less related kin. PLoS ONE 8, e53929 (2013).
Google Scholar
Madhavan, S., Clark, S., Araos, M. & Beguy, D. Distance or location? How the geographic distribution of kin networks shapes support given to single mothers in urban Kenya. Geogr. J. 184, 75–88 (2018).
Curry, O., Roberts, S. G. B. & Dunbar, R. I. M. Altruism in social networks: evidence for a ‘kinship premium’. Br. J. Psychol. 104, 283–295 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sullivan, K. & Sullivan, A. Adolescent–parent separation. Dev. Psychol. 16, 93 (1980).
Roberts, S. G. B. & Dunbar, R. I. M. Communication in social networks: Effects of kinship, network size, and emotional closeness. Pers. Relatsh. 18, 439–452 (2011).
Shenk, M. K. et al. Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 376, 207 (2021).
Snopkowski, K. & Sear, R. Grandparental help in Indonesia is directed preferentially towards needier descendants: A potential confounder when exploring grandparental influences on child health. Soc. Sci. Med. 128, 105–114 (2015).
Google Scholar
Schaffnit, S. B. & Sear, R. Support for new mothers and fertility in the United Kingdom: Not all support is equal in the decision to have a second child. Popul. Stud. 71, 345–361 (2017).
Boyer, P. The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion. (University of California Press, 1994).
Thomas, M. G. et al. Kinship underlies costly cooperation in Mosuo villages. R Soc Open Sci 5, 171535 (2018).
Google Scholar
Maqsood, A. Love as understanding. Am. Ethnol. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.13000 (2021).
Google Scholar
Schurmann, A. T. & Mahmud, S. Civil society, health, and social exclusion in Bangladesh. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 27, 536–544 (2009).
Google Scholar
Haque, M. R., Hasan, M. S., Alam, N., Barkat, S. & Others. Fertility preferences in Bangladesh. in Family Demography in Asia (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018).
Mattison, S. M. Economic impacts of tourism and erosion of the visiting system among the Mosuo of Lugu Lake. Asia Pac. J. Anthropol. 11, 159–176 (2010).
Mattison, S. M. et al. Context specificity of ‘market integration’ among the matrilineal Mosuo of Southwest China. Curr. Anthropol. 63, 118–124 (2022).
Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., Reyes, J. A. S. & Morling, B. Is perceived emotional support beneficial? Well-being and health in independent and interdependent cultures. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 34, 741–754 (2008).
Google Scholar
Reblin, M. & Uchino, B. N. Social and emotional support and its implication for health. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 21, 201–205 (2008).
Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. Faith and freedom: Traditional and modern ways to happiness. Int. Differ. Well-being 351, 397 (2010).
Ferriss, A. L. Religion and the Quality of Life. J. Happiness Stud. 3, 199–215 (2002).
Greeley, A. & Hout, M. Happiness and lifestyle among conservative Christians. The truth about conservative Christians 1, 150–161 (2006).
Pilisuk, M. Kinship, social networks, social support and health. Soc. Sci. Med. 12, 273–280 (1978).
Google Scholar
Schaffnit, S. B. & Sear, R. Supportive families versus support from families: The decision to have a child in the Netherlands. Demogr. Res. 37, 417–454 (2017).
Hassan, A., Lawson, D., Schaffnit, S. B., Urassa, M. & Sear, R. Childcare in transition: evidence that patterns of childcare differ by degree of market integration in north-western Tanzania. (2021).https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/gtc6k
Putnam, R. D. Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
