Stirling, I., Calvert, W. & Cleator, H. Underwater vocalizations as a tool for studying the distribution and relative abundance of wintering pinnipeds in the High Arctic. Arctic https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2275 (1983).
Google Scholar
Sirovic, A. et al. Seasonality of blue and fin whale calls and the influence of sea ice in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. II 51, 2327–2344 (2004).
Google Scholar
Jones, J. M. et al. Ringed, bearded, and ribbon seal vocalizations north of barrow, Alaska: Seasonal presence and relationship with sea ice. Arctic 67, 203–222 (2014).
Google Scholar
Clark, C. W. et al. A year in the acoustic world of bowhead whales in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Prog. Oceanogr. 136, 223–240 (2015).
Google Scholar
Marques, T. A., Munger, L., Thomas, L., Wiggins, S. & Hildebrand, J. A. Estimating North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica density using passive acoustic cue counting. Endangered Species Res. 13, 163–172 (2011).
Google Scholar
Hildebrand, J. A. et al. Passive acoustic monitoring of beaked whale densities in the Gulf of Mexico. Sci. Rep. 5, 16343 (2015).
Google Scholar
von Benda-Beckmann, A. M., Thomas, L., Tyack, P. L. & Ainslie, M. A. Modelling the broadband propagation of marine mammal echolocation clicks for click-based population density estimates. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143, 954–967 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hildebrand, J. A. et al. Assessing seasonality and density from passive acoustic monitoring of signals presumed to be from pygmy and dwarf sperm whales in the Gulf of Mexico. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 66 (2019).
Google Scholar
Marques, T. A. et al. Estimating animal population density using passive acoustics. Biol. Rev. 88, 287–309 (2013).
Google Scholar
Helble, T. A., D’Spain, G. L., Campbell, G. S. & Hildebrand, J. A. Calibrating passive acoustic monitoring: Correcting humpback call detections for site-specific and time-dependent environmental characterisitcs. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 134, EL400–EL406 (2013).
Google Scholar
Frasier, K. E. et al. Delphinid echolocation click detection probability on near-seafloor sensors. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 1918–1930 (2016).
Google Scholar
Helble, T. A. et al. Site specific probability of passive acoustic detection of humpback whale calls from single fixed hydrophones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 2556–2570 (2013).
Google Scholar
Larsen Tempel, J. T., Wise, S., Osborne, T. Q., Sparks, K. & Atkinson, S. “Life without ice: Perceptions of environmental impacts on marine resources and subsistence users of St. Lawrence Island. Ocean Coast. Manag. 212, 105819 (2021).
Google Scholar
Clark, C. W. & Johnson, J. H. The sounds of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, during the spring migrations of 1979 and 1980. Can. J. Zool. 62, 1436–1441 (1984).
Google Scholar
Ashjian, C. J., Braund, S. R., Campbell, R. G., George, J. C., Kruse, J., Maslowski, W., Moore, S. E., Nicolson, C. R., Okkonen, S. R., & Sherr, B. F. Climate variability, oceanography, bowhead whale distribution, and Iñupiat subsistence whaling near Barrow, Alaska, Arctic 179–194 (2010).
Moore, S. E. & Clarke, J. T. Bowhead whale fall distribution and relative abundance in relation to oil and gas lease areas in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Polar Rec. 29, 209–214 (1993).
Google Scholar
Reeves, R., Rosa, C., George, J. C., Sheffield, G. & Moore, M. “Implications of Arctic industrial growth and strategies to mitigate future vessel and fishing gear impacts on bowhead whales. Mar. Policy 36, 454–462 (2012).
Google Scholar
Blackwell, S. B., Richardson, W., Greene Jr, C., & Streever, B. Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) migration and calling behaviour in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Autumn 2001–04: An acoustic localization study, Arctic 255–270 (2007).
Mathias, D., Thode, A., Blackwell, S. B., & Greene, C. Computer-aided classification of bowhead whale call categories for mitigation monitoring. In New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems, Hyeres, French Riviera 1–6 (2008).
Delarue, J., Laurinolli, M. & Martin, B. Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) songs in the Chukchi Sea between October 2007 and May 2008. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 3319–3328 (2009).
Google Scholar
Moore, S. E., Stafford, K. M. & Munger, L. M. Acoustic and visual surveys for bowhead whales in the western Beaufort and far northeastern Chukchi seas. Deep Sea Res. Part II 57, 153–157 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ballard, M. S. et al. Temporal and spatial dependence of a yearlong record of sound propagation from the Canada Basin to the Chukchi Shelf. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148, 1663–1680 (2020).
Google Scholar
Duda, T. F., Zhang, W. G. & Lin, Y.-T. Effects of Pacific Summer Water layer variations and ice cover on Beaufort Sea underwater sound ducting. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 149, 2117–2136 (2021).
Google Scholar
Diachok, O. I. & Winokur, R. S. Spatial variability of underwater ambient noise at the Arctic ice-water boundary. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 750–753 (1974).
Google Scholar
Diachok, O. I. Effects of sea-ice ridges on sound propagation in the Arctic Ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 1110–1120 (1976).
Google Scholar
Yang, T. & Votaw, C. W. Under ice reflectivities at frequencies below 1 kHz. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 841–851 (1981).
Google Scholar
Milne, A. R. & Ganton, J. H. Ambient Noise under Arctic-Sea Ice. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 855–865 (1964).
Google Scholar
Brown, J. R. & Milne, A. R. Reverberation under Arctic Sea-Ice. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 42, 78–82 (1967).
Google Scholar
Duckworth, G., LePage, K. & Farrell, T. Low-frequency long-range propagation and reverberation in the central Arctic: Analysis of experimental results. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 747–760 (2001).
Google Scholar
Jensen, F. B. & Kuperman, W. A. Optimum frequency of propagation in shallow water environments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 813–819 (1983).
Google Scholar
Keen, K. A., Thayre, B. J., Hildebrand, J. A. & Wiggins, S. M. Seismic airgun sound propagation in Arctic Ocean waveguides. Deep Sea Res. I 141, 24–32 (2018).
Google Scholar
Greene, C. R. & Buck, B. M. Arctic ocean ambient noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 1218–1220 (1964).
Google Scholar
Roth, E. H., Hildebrand, J. A., Wiggins, S. M. & Ross, D. Underwater ambient noise on the Chukchi Sea continental slope from 2006–2009. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 104–110 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kinda, G. B., Simard, Y., Gervaise, C., Mars, J. I. & Fortier, L. Arctic underwater noise transients from sea ice deformation: Characteristics, annual time series, and forcing in Beaufort Sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138, 2034–2045 (2015).
Google Scholar
Hildebrand, J. A., Frasier, K. E., Baumann-Pickering, S. & Wiggins, S. M. An empirical model for wind-generated ocean noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 149, 4516–4533 (2021).
Google Scholar
Farmer, D. M. & Xie, Y. The sound of cracking sea ice. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, S123–S123 (1988).
Google Scholar
Bassett, C., Thomson, J., Dahl, P. H. & Polagye, B. Flow-noise and turbulence in two tidal channels. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135(4), 1764–1774 (2014).
Google Scholar
Chapman, R. P. & Harris, J. Surface backscattering strengths measured with explosive sound sources. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1592–1597 (1962).
Google Scholar
Gauss, R. C., Fialkowski, J. M., & Wurmser, D. A low- and mid-frequency bistatic scattering model for the ocean surface. In Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, Vol. 2 1738–1744 (2005)
Jin, G., Lynch, J. F., Pawlowicz, R. & Worcester, P. Acoustic scattering losses in the Greenland Sea marginal ice zone during the 1988–89 tomography experiment. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3045–3053 (1994).
Google Scholar
Citta, J. J. et al. Ecological characteristics of core-use areas used by Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whales, 2006–2012. Prog. Oceanogr. 136, 201–222 (2015).
Google Scholar
Thode, A. M., Blackwell, S. B., Conrad, A. S., Kim, K. H. & Macrander, A. M. Decadal-scale frequency shift of migrating bowhead whale calls in the shallow Beaufort Sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142, 1482–1502 (2017).
Google Scholar
Wiggins, S. M., & Hildebrand, J. A. High-frequency acoustic recording package (HARP) for broad-band, long-term marine mammal monitoring. In International Symposium on Underwater Technology 2007 and International Workshop on Scientific use of Submarine Cables & Related Technologies 2007. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Tokyo, Japan 551–557 (2007).
Marques, T. A., Thomas, L., Ward, J., DiMarzio, N. & Tyack, P. L. Estimating cetacean population density using fixed passive acoustic sensors: An example with Blainville’s beaked whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 1982–1994 (2009).
Google Scholar
Küsel, E. T. et al. Cetacean population density estimation from single fixed sensors using passive acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 3610–3622 (2011).
Google Scholar
Cummings, W. C. & Holliday, D. V. Sounds and source levels from bowhead whales off Pt. Barrow, Alaska. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 814–821 (1987).
Google Scholar
Thode, A. M. et al. Source level and calling depth distributions of migrating bowhead whale calls in the shallow Beaufort Sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, 4288 (2016).
Google Scholar
Blackwell, S. B. et al. Directionality of bowhead whale calls measured with multiple sensors. Mar. Mammal Sci. 28, 200–212 (2012).
Google Scholar
Markus, T., Stroeve, J. C. & Miller, J. Recent changes in Arctic sea ice melt onset, freezeup, and melt season length. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005436 (2009).
Google Scholar
Kwok, R. & Cunningham, G. Variability of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from CryoSat-2. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 373, 20140157 (2015).
Google Scholar
Krishfield, R., Toole, J., Proshutinsky, A. & Timmermans, M.-L. Automated ice-tethered profilers for seawater observations under pack ice in all seasons. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech. 25, 2091–2105 (2008).
Google Scholar
Gong, D. & Pickart, R. S. Summertime circulation in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part II 118, 18–31 (2015).
Google Scholar
Meng, X., Li, G., Han, G. & Kan, G. Sound velocity and related properties of seafloor sediments in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 34, 75–80 (2015).
Google Scholar
Toole, J. M., Krishfield, R. A., Timmermans, M.-L. & Proshutinsky, A. The ice-tethered profiler: Argo of the Arctic. Oceanography 24, 126–135 (2011).
Google Scholar
Millero, F. J., Feistel, R., Wright, D. G. & McDougall, T. J. The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale. Deep Sea Res. Part I 55, 50–72 (2008).
Google Scholar
Kutschale, H. Long-range sound transmission in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 66, 2189–2198 (1961).
Google Scholar
Jakobsson, M. et al. The international bathymetric chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) version 3.0. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052219 (2012).
Google Scholar
Warner, G. A., Dosso, S. E., Dettmer, J. & Hannay, D. E. Bayesian environmental inversion of airgun modal dispersion using a single hydrophone in the Chukchi Sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137, 3009–3023 (2015).
Google Scholar
Pang, X. et al. Comparison between AMSR2 sea ice concentration products and pseudo-ship observations of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice edge on cloud-free days. Remote Sens. 10, 317 (2018).
Google Scholar
Kahru, M. Windows image manager: Image display and analysis program for Microsoft Windows with special features for satellite images (2001).
Duncan, A. J. & Maggi, A. L. A consistent, user friendly interface for running a variety of underwater acoustic propagation codes. Proc. Acoust. 2006, 471–477 (2006).
Collins, M. D. A split-step Padé solution for the parabolic equation method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 1736–1742 (1993).
Google Scholar
Alexander, P., Duncan, A., Bose, N., & Smith, D. Modelling acoustic transmission loss due to sea ice cover. Acoust. Aust. 41 (2013).
Goff, J. A. Quantitative analysis of sea ice draft: 1. Methods for stochastic modeling. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 100, 6993–7004 (1995).
Google Scholar
Gavrilov, A. N. & Mikhalevsky, P. N. Low-frequency acoustic propagation loss in the Arctic Ocean: Results of the Arctic climate observations using underwater sound experiment. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 3694–3706 (2006).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com