Raschke, K., Monteith, J. L. & Weatherley, P. E. How stomata resolve the dilemma of opposing priorities. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 273, 551–560 (1976).
Google Scholar
Brodribb, T. J. & Cochard, H. Hydraulic failure defines the recovery and point of death in water-stressed conifers. Plant Physiol. 149, 575–584 (2009).
Google Scholar
Brodribb, T. J., Bowman, D. J. M. S., Nichols, S., Delzon, S. & Burlett, R. Xylem function and growth rate interact to determine recovery rates after exposure to extreme water deficit. New Phytol. 188, 533–542 (2010).
Google Scholar
Choat, B. et al. Triggers of tree mortality under drought. Nature 558, 531–539 (2018).
Google Scholar
Keeling, R. F. et al. Atmospheric evidence for a global secular increase in carbon isotopic discrimination of land photosynthesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619240114 (2017).
Guerrieri, R. et al. Disentangling the role of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance on rising forest water-use efficiency. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 16909–16914 (2019).
Google Scholar
Grossiord, C. et al. Plant responses to rising vapor pressure deficit. New Phytol. 226, 1550–1566 (2020).
Google Scholar
McDowell, N. G. & Allen, C. D. Darcy’s law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 669–672 (2015).
Google Scholar
Brienen, R. J. W. et al. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature 519, 344–348 (2015).
Google Scholar
McDowell, N. G. et al. Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science 368, eaaz9463 (2020).
Google Scholar
Novick, K. A. et al. The increasing importance of atmospheric demand for ecosystem water and carbon fluxes. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 1023–1027 (2016).
Google Scholar
Damour, G., Simonneau, T., Cochard, H. & Urban, L. An overview of models of stomatal conductance at the leaf level. Plant Cell Environ. 33, 1419–1438 (2010).
Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Sperry, J. S., Anderegg, W. R. L., Venturas, M. D. & Trugman, A. T. A theoretical and empirical assessment of stomatal optimization modeling. New Phytol. 227, 311–325 (2020).
Google Scholar
Anderegg, W. R. L. et al. Woody plants optimise stomatal behaviour relative to hydraulic risk. Ecol. Lett. 21, 968–977 (2018).
Google Scholar
Venturas, M. D. et al. A stomatal control model based on optimization of carbon gain versus hydraulic risk predicts aspen sapling responses to drought. New Phytol. 220, 836–850 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sabot, M. E. B. et al. Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought. New Phytol. 226, 1638–1655 (2020).
Google Scholar
Eller, C. B. et al. Stomatal optimization based on xylem hydraulics (SOX) improves land surface model simulation of vegetation responses to climate. New Phytol. 226, 1622–1637 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hickler, T., Prentice, I. C., Smith, B., Sykes, M. T. & Zaehle, S. Implementing plant hydraulic architecture within the LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 15, 567–577 (2006).
Google Scholar
Bonan, G. B., Williams, M., Fisher, R. A. & Oleson, K. W. Modeling stomatal conductance in the earth system: linking leaf water-use efficiency and water transport along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 2193–2222 (2014).
Google Scholar
Christoffersen, B. O. et al. Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro). Geosci. Model Dev. 9, 4227–4255 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. et al. Implementing plant hydraulics in the Community Land Model, Version 5. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 11, 485–513 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cowan, I. R. & Farquhar, G. D. Stomatal function in relation to leaf metabolism and environment. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 31, 471–505 (1977).
Google Scholar
Wolf, A., Anderegg, W. R. L. & Pacala, S. W. Optimal stomatal behavior with competition for water and risk of hydraulic impairment. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E7222–E7230 (2016).
Google Scholar
Sperry, J. S. et al. Predicting stomatal responses to the environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost. Plant Cell Environ. 40, 816–830 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. K., Detto, M. & Pacala, S. W. Predicting shifts in the functional composition of tropical forests under increased drought and CO2 from trade-offs among plant hydraulic traits. Ecol. Lett. 22, 67–77 (2019).
Google Scholar
Prentice, I. C., Dong, N., Gleason, S. M., Maire, V. & Wright, I. J. Balancing the costs of carbon gain and water transport: testing a new theoretical framework for plant functional ecology. Ecol. Lett. 17, 82–91 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B. & Westoby, M. Least‐cost input mixtures of water and nitrogen for photosynthesis. Am. Nat.161, 98–111 (2003).
Google Scholar
Wang, H. et al. Towards a universal model for carbon dioxide uptake by plants. Nat. Plants 3, 734–741 (2017).
Google Scholar
Maire, V. et al. The coordination of leaf photosynthesis links C and N fluxes in C3 plant species. PLoS ONE 7, e38345 (2012).
Google Scholar
Stocker, B. D. et al. Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes. New Phytol. 218, 1430–1449 (2018).
Google Scholar
Stocker, B. D. et al. P-model v1.0: an optimality-based light use efficiency model for simulating ecosystem gross primary production. Geosci. Model Dev. 13, 1545–1581 (2020).
Google Scholar
Lavergne, A. et al. Historical changes in the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis: empirical support for an optimality principle. New Phytol. 225, 2484–2497 (2020).
Google Scholar
Sperry, J. S. & Love, D. M. What plant hydraulics can tell us about responses to climate-change droughts. New Phytol. 207, 14–27 (2015).
Google Scholar
Farquhar, G. D., von Caemmerer, S. & Berry, J. A. A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species. Planta 149, 78–90 (1980).
Google Scholar
Chen, J.-L., Reynolds, J. F., Harley, P. C. & Tenhunen, J. D. Coordination theory of leaf nitrogen distribution in a canopy. Oecologia 93, 63–69 (1993).
Google Scholar
Buckley, T. N., John, G. P., Scoffoni, C. & Sack, L. How does leaf anatomy influence water transport outside the xylem? Plant Physiol. 168, 1616–1635 (2015).
Google Scholar
Scoffoni, C. et al. Outside-xylem vulnerability, not xylem embolism, controls leaf hydraulic decline during dehydration. Plant Physiol. 173, 1197–1210 (2017).
Google Scholar
Carminati, A. & Javaux, M. Soil rather than xylem vulnerability controls stomatal response to drought. Trends Plant Sci. 25, 868–880 (2020).
Google Scholar
Klein, T. et al. Xylem embolism refilling and resilience against drought-induced mortality in woody plants: processes and trade-offs. Ecol. Res. 33, 839–855 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Dominguez, C. M. & Brodribb, T. J. Declining root water transport drives stomatal closure in olive under moderate water stress. New Phytol. 225, 126–134 (2020).
Google Scholar
Sack, L. & Holbrook, N. M. Leaf hydraulics. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57, 361–381 (2006).
Google Scholar
Bourbia, I., Pritzkow, C. & Brodribb, T. J. Herb and conifer roots show similar high sensitivity to water deficit. Plant Physiol. 186, 1908–1918 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zhou, S., Duursma, R. A., Medlyn, B. E., Kelly, J. W. G. & Prentice, I. C. How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress. Agric. Meteorol. 182–183, 204–214 (2013).
Google Scholar
Kanechi, M., Uchida, N., Yasuda, T. & Yamaguchi, T. Non-stomatal inhibition associated with inactivation of rubisco in dehydrated coffee leaves under unshaded and shaded conditions. Plant Cell Physiol. 37, 455–460 (1996).
Google Scholar
Salmon, Y. et al. Leaf carbon and water status control stomatal and nonstomatal limitations of photosynthesis in trees. New Phytol. 226, 690–703 (2020).
Google Scholar
Dong, N. et al. Components of leaf-trait variation along environmental gradients. New Phytol. 228, 82–94 (2020).
Google Scholar
Martínez‐Vilalta, J., Poyatos, R., Aguadé, D., Retana, J. & Mencuccini, M. A new look at water transport regulation in plants. New Phytol. 204, 105–115 (2014).
Google Scholar
Bartlett, M. K., Klein, T., Jansen, S., Choat, B. & Sack, L. The correlations and sequence of plant stomatal, hydraulic, and wilting responses to drought. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 13098–13103 (2016).
Google Scholar
Brodribb, T. J., Holbrook, N. M., Edwards, E. J. & Gutiérrez, M. V. Relations between stomatal closure, leaf turgor and xylem vulnerability in eight tropical dry forest trees. Plant Cell Environ. 26, 443–450 (2003).
Google Scholar
Martin‐StPaul, N., Delzon, S. & Cochard, H. Plant resistance to drought depends on timely stomatal closure. Ecol. Lett. 20, 1437–1447 (2017).
Google Scholar
Skelton, R. P. et al. Low vulnerability to xylem embolism in leaves and stems of North American oaks. Plant Physiol. 177, 1066–1077 (2018).
Google Scholar
Choat, B. et al. Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature 491, 752–755 (2012).
Google Scholar
Dewar, R. et al. New insights into the covariation of stomatal, mesophyll and hydraulic conductances from optimization models incorporating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. New Phytol. 217, 571–585 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hölttä, T., Lintunen, A., Chan, T., Mäkelä, A. & Nikinmaa, E. A steady-state stomatal model of balanced leaf gas exchange, hydraulics and maximal source–sink flux. Tree Physiol. 37, 851–868 (2017).
Google Scholar
Pivovaroff, A. L., Sack, L. & Santiago, L. S. Coordination of stem and leaf hydraulic conductance in southern California shrubs: a test of the hydraulic segmentation hypothesis. New Phytol. 203, 842–850 (2014).
Google Scholar
Boyer, J. S., Wong, S. C. & Farquhar, G. D. CO2 and water vapor exchange across leaf cuticle (epidermis) at various water potentials. Plant Physiol. 114, 185–191 (1997).
Google Scholar
Deans, R. M., Brodribb, T. J., Busch, F. A. & Farquhar, G. D. Optimization can provide the fundamental link between leaf photosynthesis, gas exchange and water relations. Nat. Plants 6, 1116–1125 (2020).
Google Scholar
Zhou, S.-X., Medlyn, B. E. & Prentice, I. C. Long-term water stress leads to acclimation of drought sensitivity of photosynthetic capacity in xeric but not riparian Eucalyptus species. Ann. Bot. 117, 133–144 (2016).
Google Scholar
Rungwattana, K. et al. Trait evolution in tropical rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) trees is related to dry season intensity. Funct. Ecol. 32, 2638–2651 (2018).
Google Scholar
Dybzinski, R., Farrior, C., Wolf, A., Reich, P. B. & Pacala, S. W. Evolutionarily stable strategy carbon allocation to foliage, wood, and fine roots in trees competing for light and nitrogen: an analytically tractable, individual-based model and quantitative comparisons to data. Am. Nat. 177, 153–166 (2011).
Google Scholar
Hikosaka, K. & Anten, N. P. R. An evolutionary game of leaf dynamics and its consequences for canopy structure. Funct. Ecol. 26, 1024–1032 (2012).
Google Scholar
Franklin, O. et al. Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics. Nat. Plants 6, 444–453 (2020).
Google Scholar
Le Quéré, C. et al. Global carbon budget 2017. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10, 405–448 (2018).
Google Scholar
Jasechko, S. et al. Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration. Nature 496, 347–350 (2013).
Google Scholar
Xu, X., Medvigy, D., Powers, J. S., Becknell, J. M. & Guan, K. Diversity in plant hydraulic traits explains seasonal and inter-annual variations of vegetation dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests. New Phytol. 212, 80–95 (2016).
Google Scholar
Wang, H. et al. Acclimation of leaf respiration consistent with optimal photosynthetic capacity. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 2573–2583 (2020).
Google Scholar
Papastefanou, P. et al. A dynamic model for strategies and dynamics of plant water-potential regulation under drought conditions. Front. Plant Sci. 11, 373 (2020).
Google Scholar
Grieu, P., Guehl, J. M. & Aussenac, G. The effects of soil and atmospheric drought on photosynthesis and stomatal control of gas exchange in three coniferous species. Physiol. Plant. 73, 97–104 (1988).
Google Scholar
Liu, F., Andersen, M. N., Jacobsen, S.-E. & Jensen, C. R. Stomatal control and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) during progressive soil drying. Environ. Exp. Bot. 54, 33–40 (2005).
Google Scholar
Tezara, W., Driscoll, S. & Lawlor, D. W. Partitioning of photosynthetic electron flow between CO2 assimilation and O2 reduction in sunflower plants under water deficit. Photosynthetica 46, 127–134 (2008).
Google Scholar
Liu, C.-C. et al. Influence of drought intensity on the response of six woody karst species subjected to successive cycles of drought and rewatering. Physiol. Plant. 139, 39–54 (2010).
Google Scholar
Posch, S. & Bennett, L. T. Photosynthesis, photochemistry and antioxidative defence in response to two drought severities and with re-watering in Allocasuarina luehmannii. Plant Biol. 11, 83–93 (2009).
Google Scholar
Jiang, M., Kelly, J. W. G., Atwell, B. J., Tissue, D. T. & Medlyn, B. E. Drought by CO2 interactions in trees: a test of the water savings mechanism. New Phytol. 230, 1421–1434 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ennajeh, M., Tounekti, T., Vadel, A. M., Khemira, H. & Cochard, H. Water relations and drought-induced embolism in olive (Olea europaea) varieties ‘Meski’ and ‘Chemlali’ during severe drought. Tree Physiol. 28, 971–976 (2008).
Google Scholar
Peguero-Pina, J. J., Sancho-Knapik, D., Morales, F., Flexas, J. & Gil-Pelegrín, E. Differential photosynthetic performance and photoprotection mechanisms of three Mediterranean evergreen oaks under severe drought stress. Funct. Plant Biol. 36, 453–462 (2009).
Google Scholar
Liu, C.-C. et al. Exploitation of patchy soil water resources by the clonal vine Ficus tikoua in karst habitats of southwestern China. Acta Physiol. Plant. 33, 93–102 (2011).
Google Scholar
Leuning, R. A critical appraisal of a combined stomatal-photosynthesis model for C3 plants. Plant Cell Environ. 18, 339–355 (1995).
Google Scholar
Medlyn, B. E. et al. Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance. Glob. Change Biol. 17, 2134–2144 (2011).
Google Scholar
Brodribb, T. et al. Linking xylem network failure with leaf tissue death. New Phytol. 232, 68–79 (2021).
Google Scholar
Klein, T. The variability of stomatal sensitivity to leaf water potential across tree species indicates a continuum between isohydric and anisohydric behaviours. Funct. Ecol. 28, 1313–1320 (2014).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com