Avdelas, L. et al. The decline of mussel aquaculture in the European Union: Causes, economic impacts and opportunities. Rev. Aquac. 13, 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12465 (2021).
Google Scholar
Tamburini, E., Turolla, E., Fano, E. A. & Castaldelli, G. Sustainability of Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farming in the Po River delta, northern Italy, based on a life cycle assessment approach. Sustainability 12, 3814. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093814 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shumway, S. E. et al. Shellfish aquaculture-In praise of sustainable economies and environments. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 34, 8–10 (2003).
Musella, M. et al. Tissue-scale microbiota of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and its relationship with the environment. Sci. Total Environ. 717, 137209. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.137209 (2020).
Google Scholar
Peharda, M., Župan, I., Bavčević, L., Frankić, A. & Klanjšček, T. Growth and condition index of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in experimental integrated aquaculture. Aquac. Res. 38, 1714–1720. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2109.2007.01840.X (2007).
Google Scholar
Sarà, G., Zenone, A. & Tomasello, A. Growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca, bivalvia) close to fish farms: A case of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture within the Tyrrhenian sea. Hydrobiologia 636, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10750-009-9942-2/TABLES/4 (2009).
Google Scholar
Danovaro, R., Gambi, C., Luna, G. M. & Mirto, S. Sustainable impact of mussel farming in the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea): Evidence from biochemical, microbial and meiofaunal indicators. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 49, 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.038 (2004).
Google Scholar
Tancioni, L. et al. Anthropogenic threats to fish of interest in aquaculture: Gonad intersex in a wild population of thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada (Risso, 1827) from a polluted estuary in central Italy. Aquac. Res. 47(5), 1670–1674 (2016).
Google Scholar
Chary, K. et al. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra): Assessing bioremediation and life-cycle impacts. Aquaculture 516, 734621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734621 (2020).
Google Scholar
Purcell, S. W., Williamson, D. H. & Ngaluafe, P. Chinese market prices of beche-de-mer: Implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Mar. Policy 91, 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.02.005 (2018).
Google Scholar
Morroni, L. et al. Sea cucumber Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) as new model for embryo bioassays in ecotoxicological studies. Chemosphere 240, 124819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124819 (2020).
Google Scholar
Uthicke, S. & Karez, R. Sediment patch selectivity in tropical sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) analysed with multiple choice experiments. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 236, 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00190-7 (1999).
Google Scholar
MacTavish, T., Stenton-Dozey, J., Vopel, K. & Savage, C. Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers enhance mineralization and nutrient cycling in organically-enriched coastal sediments. PLoS ONE 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050031 (2012).
Google Scholar
Rakaj, A. et al. Towards sea cucumbers as a new model in embryo-larval bioassays: Holothuria tubulosa as test species for the assessment of marine pollution. Sci. Total Environ. 787, 147593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147593 (2021).
Google Scholar
Purcell, S., Conand, C., Uthicke, S. & Byrne, M. Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 54, 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368597-8 (2016).
Google Scholar
Zamora, L. N., Yuan, X., Carton, A. G., Slater, M. J. & Marine, L. Role of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers in integrated multitrophic aquaculture: Progress, problems, potential and future challenges. Rev. Aquac. 10, 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12147 (2016).
Google Scholar
Slater, M. J. & Carton, A. G. Survivorship and growth of the sea cucumber Australostichopus (Stichopus) mollis (Hutton 1872) in polyculture trials with green-lipped mussel farms. Aquaculture 272, 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.230 (2007).
Google Scholar
Slater, M. J. & Carton, A. G. Effect of sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) grazing on coastal sediments impacted by mussel farm deposition. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58, 1123–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.008 (2009).
Google Scholar
Slater, M. J. & Carton, A. G. Sea cucumber habitat differentiation and site retention as determined by intraspecific stable isotope variation. Aquac. Res. 41, 695–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02607.x (2010).
Google Scholar
Stenton-Dozey, J. Finding hidden treasure in aquaculture waste. Water Atmos. 15, 9–11 (2007).
Slater, M. J., Jeffs, A. G. & Carton, A. G. The use of the waste from green-lipped mussels as a food source for juvenile sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis. Aquaculture 292, 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.027 (2009).
Google Scholar
Stenton-Dozey, J. & Heath, P. A first for New Zealand: Culturing our endemic sea cucumber for overseas markets. Water Atmos. 17, 20–21 (2009).
Zamora, L. N. & Jeffs, A. G. Feeding, selection, digestion and absorption of the organic matter from mussel waste by juveniles of the deposit-feeding sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis. Aquaculture 317, 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.04.011 (2011).
Google Scholar
Zamora, L. N. & Jeffs, A. G. The ability of the deposit-feeding sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis to use natural variation in the biodeposits beneath mussel farms. Aquaculture 326, 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2011.11.015 (2012).
Google Scholar
Zamora, L. N. & Jeffs, A. G. A Review of the research on the Australasian Sea Cucumber, Australostichopus mollis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) (Hutton 1872), with emphasis on aquaculture. J. Shellfish Res. 32, 613–627. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.032.0301 (2013).
Google Scholar
Zamora, L. N. & Jeffs, A. G. Macronutrient selection, absorption and energy budget of juveniles of the Australasian sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis, feeding on mussel biodeposits at different temperatures. Aquac. Nutr. 21, 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/ANU.12144 (2015).
Google Scholar
Chatzivasileiou, D. et al. An IMTA in Greece: Co-culture of fish, bivalves, and holothurians. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10, 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060776 (2022).
Google Scholar
Rakaj, A. et al. Spawning and rearing of Holothuria tubulosa: A new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. Aquac. Res. 49, 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13487 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Scardi, M. & Cataudella, S. Artificial reproduction of Holothuria polii: A new candidate for aquaculture. Aquaculture 498, 444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.060 (2019).
Google Scholar
González-Wangüemert, M., Aydin, M. & Conand, C. Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries. Ocean Coast. Manag. 92, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2014.02.014 (2014).
Google Scholar
González-Wangüemert, M., Valente, S. & Aydin, M. Effects of fishery protection on biometry and genetic structure of two target sea cucumber species from the Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 743, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2006-2 (2015).
Google Scholar
González-Wangüemert, M., Domínguez-Godino, J. A. & Cánovas, F. The fast development of sea cucumber fisheries in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic waters: From a new marine resource to its over-exploitation. Ocean Coast. Manag. 151, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.10.002 (2018).
Google Scholar
González-Wangüemert, M. & Godino, J. Sea cucumbers as new marine resource in Europe. Front. Mar. Sci. 3, 112 (2016).
Domínguez-Godino, J. A., Slater, M. J., Hannon, C. & González-Wangüermert, M. A new species for sea cucumber ranching and aquaculture: Breeding and rearing of Holothuria arguinensis. Aquaculture 438, 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2015.01.004 (2015).
Google Scholar
Günay, D., Emiroğlu, D., Tolon, T., Özden, O. & Saygi, H. Growth and survival rate of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin, 1788) at Various Temperatures. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 15, 533–541. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_41 (2015).
Google Scholar
Tolon, T. Effect of salinity on growth and survival of the juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) and Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1923). Fresenius Environ. Bull. 26, 3930–3935 (2017).
Google Scholar
Tolon, T., Emiroğlu, D., Günay, D. & Hancı, B. Effect of stocking density on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788). Aquac. Res. 48, 4124–4131. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13232 (2017).
Google Scholar
Tolon, M. T., Emiroglu, D., Gunay, D. & Ozgul, A. Sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1790) culture under marine fish net cages for potential use in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Indian J. Geol. Mar. Sci. 46, 749–756 (2017).
Neofitou, N. et al. Contribution of sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa on organic load reduction from fish farming operation. Aquaculture 501, 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.071 (2019).
Google Scholar
Sadoul, B. et al. Aquaculture Is Holothuria tubulosa the golden goose of ecological aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea? Aquaculture 554, 738149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738149 (2022).
Google Scholar
Cutajar, K. et al. Culturing the sea cucumber Holothuria poli in open-water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture at a coastal Mediterranean fish farm. Aquaculture 550, 737881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737881 (2022).
Google Scholar
Grosso, L. et al. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system combining the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, as primary species, and the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa as extractive species. Aquaculture 534, 736268. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2020.736268 (2021).
Google Scholar
González-Wangüemert, M., Valente, S., Henriques, F., Domínguez-Godino, J. A. & Serrão, E. A. Setting preliminary biometric baselines for new target sea cucumbers species of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean fisheries. Fish. Res. 179, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FISHRES.2016.02.008 (2016).
Google Scholar
Aydin, M. Biometry, density and the biomass of the commercial sea cucumber population of the Aegean Sea. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci 19, 463–474. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v19_6_02 (2018).
Google Scholar
Whitlock, M. C. & Schluter, D. Analisi Statistica dei Dati Biologici, Zanichelli (2010)
Hammer, O. & Harper, D. A. T. PAST PAleontological STatistics Version 3 Reference Manual (University of Oslo, 2013).
Zhou, Y. et al. Feeding and growth on bivalve biodeposits by the deposit feeder Stichopus japonicus Selenka (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) co-cultured in lantern nets. Aquaculture 256, 510–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.005 (2006).
Google Scholar
Pensa, D. et al. Population status, distribution and trophic implications of Pinna nobilis along the South-eastern Italian coast. Npj Biodivers. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1425249/v1 (2022).
Google Scholar
Francour, P. Predation on holothurians: A literature review. Invert. Bio. 116, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226924 (1997).
Google Scholar
Mecheta, A. & Mezali, K. A biometric study to determine the economic and nutritional value of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Algeria’s shallow water areas. Beche-de-mer Inf. Bull. 39, 65–70 (2019).
Sun, J., Hamel, J. F., Gianasi, B. L., Graham, M. & Mercier, A. Growth, health and biochemical composition of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa after multi-year holding in effluent waters of land-based salmon culture. Aquac. Environ. Interact. 12, 139–151. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00356 (2020).
Google Scholar
Boncagni, P., Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A. & Vizzini, S. Preferential assimilation of seagrass detritus by two coexisting Mediterranean sea cucumbers: Holothuria polii and Holothuria tubulosa. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 231, 106464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106464 (2019).
Google Scholar
Rakaj, A., and Fianchini, A. Mediterranean sea cucumbers—Biology, ecology, and exploitation, Chapter. In The World of Sea Cucumbers Challenges, Advances, and Innovations (Mercier, A., Hamel, J.-F, Suhrbier, A. & Pearce, C.) (2023)
Massin, C. & Jangoux, M. Observations écologiques sur Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria poli et Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) et comportement alimentaire de H. tubulosa. Référ. Cah. Biol. Mar. 17, 45–59 (1976).
Coulon, P. & Jangoux, M. Feeding rate and sediment reworking by the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in a Mediterranean seagrass bed off Ischia Island, Italy. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 92, 201–204 (1993).
Google Scholar
Belbachir, N., Mezali, K. & Soualili, D. L. Selective feeding behaviour in some aspidochirotid holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) at Stidia, Mostaganem Province, Algeria (2014).
Grosso, L. et al. Trophic requirements of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus varies at different life stages: comprehension of species ecology and implications for effective feeding formulations. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 865450. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.865450 (2022).
Google Scholar
Sun, Z. L., Gao, Q. F., Dong, S. L., Shin, P. K. & Wang, F. Estimates of carbon turnover rates in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) using stable isotope analysis: The role of metabolism and growth. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 457, 101–112. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09760 (2012).
Google Scholar
Yuan, X. T. et al. Effects of aestivation on the energy budget of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinaodermata: Holothuroidea). Acta. Ecol. Sin. 27, 3155−3161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60070-5 (2007).
Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Dong, S. L., Tian, X. L., Wang, F. & Gao, Q. F. Effects ofdietary sea mud and yellow soil on growth and energybudget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas (Selenka). Aquaculture 286, 266–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.029 (2009).
Google Scholar
Brown, N. P. & Eddy, S. D. Echinoderm Aquaculture (Wiley, 2015).
Google Scholar
Qiu, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Bai, Y. & Yang, H. Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 32, 737–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00343-014-3131-5 (2014).
Google Scholar
Zappes, I. A. et al. New data on Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) colonies: A genetic analysis of a top predator from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. PLoS ONE 12, 0182922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182922 (2017).
Google Scholar
Paltzat, D. L., Pearce, C. M., Barnes, P. A. & McKinley, R. S. Growth and production of California sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus Stimpson) co-cultured with suspended Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 275, 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.014 (2008).
Google Scholar
Dong, S. et al. Intra-specific effects of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) with reference to stocking density and body size. Aquac. Res. 41, 1170–1178. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2109.2009.02404.X (2010).
Google Scholar
Pei, S., Dong, S., Wang, F., Gao, Q. & Tian, X. Effects of stocking density and body physical contact on growth of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Aquac. Res. 45, 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/ARE.12004 (2014).
Google Scholar
Xia, B., Ren, Y., Wang, J., Sun, Y. & Zhang, Z. Effects of feeding frequency and density on growth, energy budget and physiological performance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquaculture 466, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2016.09.039 (2017).
Google Scholar
Domínguez-Godino, J. A. & González-Wangüemert, M. Does space matter? Optimizing stocking density of Holothuria arguinensis and Holothuria mammata. Aquac. Res. 49, 3107–3115. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13773 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rugnini, L., Rossi, C., Antonaroli, S., Rakaj, A. & Bruno, L. The influence of light and nutrient starvation on morphology, biomass and lipid content in seven strains of green microalgae as a source of biodiesel. Microorganisms 8, 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081254 (2020).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
