Martin-Roberts, E. et al. Carbon capture and storage at the end of a lost decade. One Earth 4, 1569–1584 (2021).
Google Scholar
Liu, Z. et al. Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 3, 141–155 (2022).
Google Scholar
Wang, F. et al. Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality. Innovation 2, 100180 (2021).
Google Scholar
Third National Communication of Climate Change in the People’s Republic of China (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, 2018).
Chen, X. et al. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature 514, 486–489 (2014).
Google Scholar
Cui, Z. et al. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature 555, 363–366 (2018).
Google Scholar
Liu, B. et al. Promoting potato as staple food can reduce the carbon–land–water impacts of crops in China. Nat. Food 2, 570–577 (2021).
Google Scholar
Jiang, Y. et al. Water management to mitigate the global warming potential of rice systems: a global meta-analysis. Field Crops Res. 234, 47–54 (2019).
Google Scholar
Shang, Z. et al. Can cropland management practices lower net greenhouse emissions without compromising yield? Glob. Change Biol. 27, 4657–4670 (2021).
Google Scholar
Xia, L. et al. Can knowledge-based N management produce more staple grain with lower greenhouse gas emission and reactive nitrogen pollution? A meta-analysis. Glob. Change Biol. 23, 1917–1925 (2016).
Google Scholar
Ju, X. et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3041–3046 (2009).
Google Scholar
Wang, B. et al. Four pathways towards carbon neutrality by controlling net greenhouse gas emissions in Chinese cropland. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 186, 106576 (2022).
Google Scholar
Xia, L. et al. Trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems. Glob. Change Biol. 12, 5919–5932 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zhao, Y. et al. Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 4045–4050 (2018).
Google Scholar
Yan, X., Akiyama, H., Yagi, K. & Akimoto, H. Global estimations of the inventory and mitigation potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation conducted using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines. Glob. Biogeochemical Cycles 23, GB2002 (2009).
Jiang, Y. et al. Acclimation of methane emissions from rice paddy fields to straw addition. Sci. Adv. 5, eaau9038 (2019).
Google Scholar
Chen, Z. et al. Microbial process-oriented understanding of stimulation of soil N2O emission following the input of organic materials. Environ. Pollut. 284, 117176 (2021).
Google Scholar
Lugato, E., Leip, A. & Jones, A. Mitigation potential of soil carbon management overestimated by neglecting N2O emissions. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 219–223 (2018).
Google Scholar
Xia, L., Wang, S. & Yan, X. Effects of long-term straw incorporation on the net global warming potential and the net economic benefit in a rice-wheat cropping system in China. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 197, 118–127 (2014).
Google Scholar
Xia, L., Ti, C., Li, B., Xia, Y. & Yan, X. Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases during the life-cycles of staple food production in China and their mitigation potential. Sci. Total Environ. 556, 116–125 (2016).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. Restoring abandoned farmland to mitigate climate change on a full Earth. One Earth 3, 176–186 (2020).
Google Scholar
Lehmann, J. et al. Biochar in climate change mitigation. Nat. Geosci. 14, 883–892 (2021).
Google Scholar
Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J. & Joseph, S. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nat. Commun. 1, 56 (2010).
Google Scholar
Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F. G., Kammann, C. & Abalos, D. Biochar effects on methane emissions from soils: a meta-analysis. Soil Biol. Biochem. 101, 251–258 (2016).
Google Scholar
Schmidt, H. P. et al. Biochar in agriculture – a systematic review of 26 global meta-analyses. GCB Bioenergy 13, 1708–1730 (2021).
Google Scholar
Cayuela, M. L. et al. Biochar and denitrification in soils: when, how much and why does biochar reduce N2O emissions? Sci. Rep. 3, 1732 (2013).
Google Scholar
He, Y. et al. Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes: a meta-analysis. GCB Bioenergy 9, 743–755 (2017).
Google Scholar
Liu, Q. et al. Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: options and mitigation strength in a global perspective. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 2077–2093 (2019).
Google Scholar
He, X. et al. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of gas and biochar obtained from pyrolysis of crop residues. Energy 143, 746–756 (2018).
Google Scholar
Yang, Q. et al. Prospective contributions of biomass pyrolysis to China’s 2050 carbon reduction and renewable energy goals. Nat. Commun. 12, 1698 (2021).
Google Scholar
Smith, P. et al. Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 42–50 (2016).
Google Scholar
IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (WMO, 2018).
Ritchie, H., Roser, M. & Rosado, P. CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Our World in Data, 2020); https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Liu, Y. et al. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields: a meta-analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 830, 154792 (2022).
Google Scholar
Cassman, K. G. & Grassini, P. A global perspective on sustainable intensification research. Nat. Sustain. 3, 262–268 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gu, B. et al. Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for mitigating PM2.5 air pollution. Science 374, 758–762 (2021).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Reilly, E. C., Jungers, J. M., Chen, J. & Smith, T. M. Climate benefits of increasing plant diversity in perennial bioenergy crops. One Earth 1, 434–445 (2019).
Google Scholar
Weller, S. et al. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice and maize production in diversified rice cropping systems. Nutr. Cycling Agroecosyst. 101, 37–53 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rogelj, J. et al. Scenarios towards limiting global mean temperature increase below 1.5 °C. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 325–332 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gu, B., Zhang, X., Bai, X., Fu, B. & Chen, D. Four steps to food security for swelling cities. Nature 566, 31–33 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zhang, X. et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature 528, 51–59 (2015).
Google Scholar
Gu, B., Ju, X., Chang, J., Ge, Y. & Vitousek, P. M. Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8792–8797 (2015).
Google Scholar
Galloway, J. N. et al. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320, 889–892 (2008).
Google Scholar
Lee, X. J., Ong, H. C., Gan, Y. Y., Chen, W. H. & Mahlia, T. M. I. State of art review on conventional and advanced pyrolysis of macroalgae and microalgae for biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas production. Energy Convers. Manag. 210, 112707 (2020).
Google Scholar
Nevzorova, T. & Kutcherov, V. Barriers to the wider implementation of biogas as a source of energy: a state-of-the-art review. Energy Strategy Rev. 26, 100414 (2019).
Google Scholar
Xia, S. et al. Pyrolysis behavior and economics analysis of the biomass pyrolytic polygeneration of forest farming waste. Bioresource Technol. 270, 189–197 (2018).
Google Scholar
Liu, Z., Niu, W., Chu, H., Zhou, T. & Niu, Z. Effect of the carbonization temperature on the properties of biochar produced from the pyrolysis of crop residues. BioResources 13, 3429–3446 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hengeveld, E. J., Bekkering, J., van Gemert, W. J. T. & Broekhuis, A. A. Biogas infrastructures from farm to regional scale, prospects of biogas transport grids. Biomass Bioenergy 86, 43–52 (2016).
Google Scholar
Ansari, S. H. et al. Incorporation of solar-thermal energy into a gasification process to co-produce bio-fertilizer and power. Environ. Pollut. 266, 115103 (2020).
Google Scholar
Yang, S. I., Wu, M. S. & Hsu, T. C. Spray combustion characteristics of kerosene/bio-oil part I: experimental study. Energy 119, 26–36 (2017).
Google Scholar
Xia, L. et al. Elevated CO2 negates O3 impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. One Earth 4, 1752–1763 (2022).
Google Scholar
Gu, B. et al. Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China: sources, recent trends, and damage costs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 9420–9427 (2012).
Google Scholar
Xia, L. et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer. Biogeosciences 13, 4569–4579 (2016).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com