Mcleod, E. et al. A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO 2. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 552–560 (2011).
Google Scholar
Macreadie, P. I. et al. The future of Blue Carbon science. Nat. Commun. 10, 1–13 (2019).
Lovelock, C. E. & Duarte, C. M. Dimensions of Blue Carbon and emerging perspectives. Biol. Lett. 15, 20180781 (2019).
Google Scholar
Macreadie, P. I. et al. Blue carbon as a natural climate solution. Nat Rev Earth Environ 2, 826–839 (2021).
Al‐Haj, A. N. & Fulweiler, R. W. A synthesis of methane emissions from shallow vegetated coastal ecosystems. Glob. Chang. Biol. 26, 2988–3005 (2020).
Google Scholar
Rosentreter, J. A. et al. Half of global methane emissions come from highly variable aquatic ecosystem sources. Nat. Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00715-2 (2021).
Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Crill, P. M. & Enrich-Prast, A. Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink. Science (80-) 331, 50–50 (2011).
Google Scholar
Rosentreter, J. A., Maher, D. T., Erler, D. V., Murray, R. H. & Eyre, B. D. Methane emissions partially offset “blue carbon” burial in mangroves. Sci. Adv. 4, eaao4985 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rosentreter, J. A., Al‐Haj, A. N., Fulweiler, R. W. & Williamson, P. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions complicate coastal blue carbon assessments. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 35, e2020GB006858 (2021).
Duarte, C. M., Middelburg, J. J. & Caraco, N. Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle. Biogeosciences 2, 1–8 (2005).
Google Scholar
Snelgrove, P. V. R. et al. Global carbon cycling on a heterogeneous seafloor. Trends Ecol. Evol. 33, 96–105 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ortega, A. et al. Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration. Nat. Geosci. 12, 748–754 (2019).
Google Scholar
Barnes, R. O. & Goldberg, E. D. Methane production and consumption in anoxic marine sediments. Geology 4, 297 (1976).
Google Scholar
Reeburgh, W. S. Rates of biogeochemical processes in anoxic sediments. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 11, 269–298 (1983).
Google Scholar
Wallenius, A. J., Dalcin Martins, P., Slomp, C. P. & Jetten, M. S. M. Anthropogenic and environmental constraints on the microbial methane cycle in coastal sediments. Front. Microbiol. 12, 631621 (2021).
Tokoro, T. et al. Net uptake of atmospheric CO2 by coastal submerged aquatic vegetation. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 1873–1884 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. B., Shelamoff, V. & Layton, C. Seaweed ecosystems may not mitigate CO2 emissions. ICES J. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac011 (2022).
Oremland, R. S. & Taylor, B. F. Sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42, 209–214 (1978).
Google Scholar
Egger, M., Riedinger, N., Mogollón, J. M. & Jørgensen, B. B. Global diffusive fluxes of methane in marine sediments. Nat. Geosci. 11, 421–425 (2018).
Google Scholar
Weber, T., Wiseman, N. A. & Kock, A. Global ocean methane emissions dominated by shallow coastal waters. Nat. Commun. 10, 1–10 (2019).
Google Scholar
Neubauer, S. C. & Megonigal, J. P. Moving beyond global warming potentials to quantify the climatic role of ecosystems. Ecosystems 18, 1000–1013 (2015).
Google Scholar
Neubauer, S. C. Global warming potential is not an ecosystem property. Ecosystems https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00631-x (2021).
Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Telszewski, M. & Pidgeon, E. Coastal blue carbon: methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrasses. 1–181 (2014). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372868.
Berg, P., Huettel, M., Glud, R. N., Reimers, C. E. & Attard, K. M. Aquatic eddy covariance: the method and its contributions to defining oxygen and carbon fluxes in marine environments. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 14, 431–455 (2022).
Google Scholar
Tokoro, T., Watanabe, K., Tada, K. & Kuwae, T. Air–water CO2 flux in shallow coastal waters: theory, methods, and empirical studies. in Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems 153–184 (Springer Singapore, 2019).
Saintilan, N., Rogers, K., Mazumder, D. & Woodroffe, C. Allochthonous and autochthonous contributions to carbon accumulation and carbon store in southeastern Australian coastal wetlands. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 128, 84–92 (2013).
Google Scholar
Ollivier, Q. R., Maher, D. T., Pitfield, C. & Macreadie, P. I. Net drawdown of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) by a temperate australian seagrass meadow. Estuaries Coasts https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01068-8 (2022).
Maher, D. T. et al. Novel use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to investigate aquatic carbon cycling from microbial to ecosystem scales. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 12938–12945 (2013).
Google Scholar
Call, M. et al. Spatial and temporal variability of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes over semi-diurnal and spring–neap–spring timescales in a mangrove creek. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 150, 211–225 (2015).
Google Scholar
Maher, D. T., Cowley, K., Santos, I. R., Macklin, P. & Eyre, B. D. Methane and carbon dioxide dynamics in a subtropical estuary over a diel cycle: Insights from automated in situ radioactive and stable isotope measurements. Mar. Chem. 168, 69–79 (2015).
Google Scholar
Attard, K. M. et al. Seasonal metabolism and carbon export potential of a key coastal habitat: The perennial canopy-forming macroalga Fucus vesiculosus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 64, 149–164 (2019).
Google Scholar
Attard, K. M. et al. Seasonal ecosystem metabolism across shallow benthic habitats measured by aquatic eddy covariance. Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. 4, 79–86 (2019).
Google Scholar
Trevathan-Tackett, S. M. et al. Comparison of marine macrophytes for their contributions to blue carbon sequestration. Ecology 96, 3043–3057 (2015).
Google Scholar
Pessarrodona, A. et al. Global seaweed productivity. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn2465 (2022).
Machado, L., Magnusson, M., Paul, N. A., de Nys, R. & Tomkins, N. Effects of marine and freshwater macroalgae on in vitro total gas and methane production. PLoS ONE 9, e85289 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hansson, G. Methane production from marine, green macro-algae. Resour. Conserv. 8, 185–194 (1983).
Google Scholar
Björk, M., Rosenqvist, G., Gröndahl, F. & Bonaglia, S. Methane emissions from macrophyte beach wrack on Baltic seashores. Ambio 52, 171–181 (2023).
Google Scholar
Lundevall-Zara, M., Lundevall-Zara, E. & Brüchert, V. Sea-air exchange of methane in shallow inshore areas of the Baltic sea. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 1–20 (2021).
Google Scholar
Yvon-Durocher, G. et al. Methane fluxes show consistent temperature dependence across microbial to ecosystem scales. Nature 507, 488–491 (2014).
Google Scholar
Roth, F. et al. High spatiotemporal variability of methane concentrations challenges estimates of emissions across vegetated coastal ecosystems. Glob. Chang. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16177 (2022).
Koweek, D. A. et al. A year in the life of a central California kelp forest: physical and biological insights into biogeochemical variability. Biogeosciences 14, 31–44 (2017).
Google Scholar
Watanabe, K. et al. Macroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows can create significant carbon sinks. Biogeosciences 17, 2425–2440 (2020).
Google Scholar
Möller, P., Pihl, L. & Rosenberg, R. Benthic faunal energy flow and biological interaction in some shallow marine soft bottom habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 27, 109–121 (1985).
Google Scholar
Frigstad, H. et al. Blue Carbon – Climate Adaptation, CO2 Uptake And Sequestration Of Carbon In Nordic Blue Forests – Results From The Nordic Blue Carbon Project. (Nordic Council of Ministers, 2021).
Ikawa, H. & Oechel, W. C. Temporal variations in air-sea CO 2 exchange near large kelp beds near San Diego, California. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 120, 50–63 (2015).
Google Scholar
Reeburgh, W. S. Oceanic methane biogeochemistry. Chem. Rev. 107, 486–513 (2007).
Google Scholar
Davidson, E. A. & Janssens, I. A. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440, 165–173 (2006).
Google Scholar
Oreska, M. P. J. et al. The greenhouse gas offset potential from seagrass restoration. Sci. Rep. 10, 1–15 (2020).
Google Scholar
Asplund, M. E. et al. Methane emissions from nordic seagrass meadow sediments. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 811533 (2022).
Google Scholar
Schorn, S., Ahmerkamp, S., Bullock, E., Weber, M. & Lott, C. Diverse methylotrophic methanogenic archaea cause high methane emissions from seagrass meadows. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106628119/-/DCSupplemental.Published (2022).
Koebsch, F., Glatzel, S. & Jurasinski, G. Vegetation controls methane emissions in a coastal brackish fen. Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 21, 323–337 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sansone, F. J. & Martens, C. S. Methane production from acetate and associated methane fluxes from anoxic coastal sediments. Science (80-). 211, 707–709 (1981).
Google Scholar
Egger, M. et al. Rapid sediment accumulation results in high methane effluxes from coastal sediments. PLoS ONE 11, e0161609 (2016).
Google Scholar
Hamdan, L. J. & Wickland, K. P. Methane emissions from oceans, coasts, and freshwater habitats: New perspectives and feedbacks on climate. Limnol. Oceanogr. 61, S3–S12 (2016).
Google Scholar
Cai, M. et al. Metatranscriptomics reveals different features of methanogenic archaea among global vegetated coastal ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ. 802, 149848 (2022).
Google Scholar
Evans, P. N. et al. Methane metabolism in the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota revealed by genome-centric metagenomics. Science (80-). 350, 434–438 (2015).
Google Scholar
Zhang, C.-J., Pan, J., Liu, Y., Duan, C.-H. & Li, M. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into methanogenesis potential of novel methanogens from mangrove sediments. Microbiome 8, 94 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hilt, S., Grossart, H., McGinnis, D. F. & Keppler, F. Potential role of submerged macrophytes for oxic methane production in aquatic ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12095 (2022).
Söllinger, A. & Urich, T. Methylotrophic methanogens everywhere — physiology and ecology of novel players in global methane cycling. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 47, 1895–1907 (2019).
Google Scholar
Karl, D. M. et al. Aerobic production of methane in the sea. Nat. Geosci. 1, 473–478 (2008).
Google Scholar
McGenity, T. J. & Sorokin, D. Y. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology. p. 665–680 (Springer, 2010).
Murray, B. C., Pendleton, L., Jenkins, W. A. & Sifleet, S. Green Payments for Blue Carbon Economic Incentives for Protecting Threatened Coastal Habitats (Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, 2011).
Kuwae, T., Watanabe, A., Yoshihara, S., Suehiro, F. & Sugimura, Y. Implementation of blue carbon offset crediting for seagrass meadows, macroalgal beds, and macroalgae farming in Japan. Mar. Policy 138, 104996 (2022).
Google Scholar
Medvedev, I. P., Rabinovich, A. B. & Kulikov, E. A. Tides in three enclosed basins: the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. Front. Mar. Sci. 3, 46 (2016).
Google Scholar
Haugen, D. A. Workshop on Micrometeorology (American Meteorological Society, 1973).
Weiss, R. F. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2, 203–215 (1974).
Google Scholar
Wiesenburg, D. A. & Guinasso, N. L. Equilibrium solubilities of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen in water and sea water. J. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 356–360 (1979).
Google Scholar
Wanninkhof, R. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 12, 351–362 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gülzow, W. et al. One year of continuous measurements constraining methane emissions from the Baltic Sea to the atmosphere using a ship of opportunity. Biogeosciences 10, 81–99 (2013).
Google Scholar
Jähne, B. et al. On the parameters influencing air-water gas exchange. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1937 (1987).
Google Scholar
Bonaglia, S. et al. Meiofauna improve oxygenation and accelerate sulfide removal in the seasonally hypoxic seabed. Mar. Environ. Res. 159, 104968 (2020).
Google Scholar
Parada, A. E., Needham, D. M. & Fuhrman, J. A. Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 1403–1414 (2016).
Google Scholar
Apprill, A., McNally, S., Parsons, R. & Weber, L. Minor revision to V4 region SSU rRNA 806R gene primer greatly increases detection of SAR11 bacterioplankton. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 75, 129–137 (2015).
Google Scholar
St John, J. SeqPrep. https://github.com/jstjohn/SeqPrep (2011).
Callahan, B. J. et al. DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat. Methods 13, 581–583 (2016).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021).
Andrews, S. FastQC: A Quality Control Tool For High Throughput Sequence Data (2010).
Ewels, P., Magnusson, M., Lundin, S. & Käller, M. MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report. Bioinformatics 32, 3047–3048 (2016).
Google Scholar
Quast, C. et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res 41, D590–D596 (2012).
Google Scholar
Robertson, C. E. et al. Explicet: graphical user interface software for metadata-driven management, analysis and visualization of microbiome data. Bioinformatics 29, 3100–3101 (2013).
Google Scholar
Coolen, M. J. L. et al. Evolution of the methane cycle in Ace Lake (Antarctica) during the Holocene: response of methanogens and methanotrophs to environmental change. Org. Geochem. 35, 1151–1167 (2004).
Google Scholar
Wobbrock, J. O., Findlater, L., Gergle, D. & Higgins, J. J. The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures. in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 143–146 (ACM, 2011).
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. & Ryan, P. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 4, 1–9 (2001).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
