Kroeze, C., Dumont, E. & Seitzinger, S. P. New estimates of global emissions of N2O from rivers and estuaries. Environ. Sci. 2(2–3), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/15693430500384671 (2005).
Google Scholar
Ciais, P. et al. Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 465–570 (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Forster, P. et al. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Chapter 2. In Climate Change 2007. The Physical Science Basis (2007).
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Baggs, E. M., Dannenmann, M., Kiese, R. & Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: How well do we understand the processes and their controls?. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0122 (2013).
Google Scholar
Reis, C. R. G., Nardoto, G. B. & Oliveira, R. S. Global overview on nitrogen dynamics in mangroves and consequences of increasing nitrogen availability for these systems. Plant Soil. 410(1–2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3123-7#citeas (2017).
Google Scholar
Rao, K., Priya, N. & Ramanathan, A. L. Impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on reactive nitrogen dynamics in mangrove ecosystem: Climate change perspective. J. Clim. Change 5(2), 9–21 (2019).
Google Scholar
Centre for Coastal Zone Management and Coastal Shelter Belt, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate change, Govt. of India http://iomenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=758&sublinkid=119&langid=1&mid=1 (2017).
FSI. India State of Forest Report. 2019. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Dehradun (2019).
Borges, A. V. et al. Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium). Sci. Total Environ. 610, 342–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.047 (2018).
Google Scholar
Lin, H. et al. Spatiotemporal variability of nitrous oxide in a large eutrophic estuarine system: The Pearl River Estuary, China. Mar. Chem. 182, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.03.005 (2016).
Google Scholar
Reading, M. J. et al. Land use drives nitrous oxide dynamics in estuaries on regional and global scales. Limnol. 65(8), 1903–1920. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11426 (2020).
Google Scholar
Chauhan, R., Ramanathan, A. L. & Adhya, T. K. Assessment of methane and nitrous oxide flux from mangrove along Eastern coast of India. Geofluids 8, 321332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00227.x (2008).
Google Scholar
Krithika, K., Purvaja, R. & Ramesh, R. Fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide from an Indian mangrove. Curr. Sci. 94, 218224, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24101861 (2008).
Fernandes, S. O., LokaBharathi, P. A., Bonin, P. C. & Michotey, V. D. Denitrification: An important pathway for nitrous oxide production in tropical mangrove sediments (Goa, India). J. Environ. Qual. 39, 1507–1516. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0477 (2010).
Google Scholar
Wanninkhof, R. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys Res. 97, 7373–7382. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.351 (1992).
Google Scholar
Wanninkhof, R. & McGillis, W. M. A cubic relationship between gas transfer and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1889–1893. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900363 (1999).
Google Scholar
Raymond, P. A. & Cole, J. J. Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: Choosing a gas transfer velocity. Estuaries 24, 312–317. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352954 (2001).
Google Scholar
Hershey, R. N., Nandan, S. B. & Vasu, N. K. Trophic status and nutrient regime of Cochin estuarine system, India. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 49(08), 2582–6727 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/55309 (2020).
Hershey, R. N. et al. Nitrous oxide flux from a Tropical estuarine system (Cochin estuary, India). Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 30, 100725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100725 (2019).
Google Scholar
Maher, D. T., Sippo, J. Z., Tait, D. R., Holloway, C. & Santos, I. R. Pristine mangrove creek waters are a sink of nitrous oxide. Sci. Rep. 6, 25701. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25701 (2016).
Google Scholar
Tait, D. R. et al. Greenhouse gas dynamics in a salt-wedge estuary revealed by high resolution cavity ring-down spectroscopy observations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51(23), 13771–13778. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04627 (2017).
Google Scholar
Wells, N. S. et al. Estuaries as sources and sinks of N2O across a land use gradient in subtropical Australia. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles. 32, 877–894. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GB005826 (2018).
Google Scholar
Upstill-Goddard, R. C. Air–sea gas exchange in the coastal zone. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 70, 388–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.043 (2006).
Google Scholar
Zappa, C. J., Raymond, P. A., Terray, E. A. & Mcgillis, W. R. Variation in surface turbulence and gas transfer velocity over a tidal cycle in a macro-tidal estuary. Estuaries 26, 1401–1415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803649/citeas (2003).
Google Scholar
Borges, A. V. et al. Gas transfer velocities of CO2 in three European estuaries (Randers Fjord, Scheldt, and Thames). Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 1630–1641. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1630 (2004).
Google Scholar
Munoz-Hincapie, M., Morell, J. M. & Corredor, J. E. Increase of nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere upon nitrogen addition to red mangroves sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 992–996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00132-7 (2002).
Google Scholar
Srinivas, K., Revichandran, P., Maheswaran, P. A., Mohammed Ashraf, T. T. & Nuncio, M. Propagation of tides in the Cochin estuarine system, southwest coast of India. Indian J. Geomar. Sci. 32(1), 14–24 (2003).
Srinivas, K., Revichandran, C. & Dinesh Kumar, P. K. Statistical forecasting of met-ocean parameters in the Cochin estuarine system, southwest coast of India. Indian J. Geomar. Sci. 32(4), 285–293 (2003).
Balachandran, K. K., Joseph, T., Nair, K. K. C., Nair, M. & Joseph, P. S. The complex estuarine formation of six rivers (Cochin backwaters system on westcoast of India)—Sources and distribution of trace metals and nutrients. In:APN/SASCOM/LOICZ Regional Workshop on Assessment of Material Fluxes To the Coastal Zone in South Asia and their Impacts. Sri Lanka National Committee of IGBP, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 359, http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/1340 (2002).
Martin, G. D. et al. Freshwater influence on nutrient stoichiometry in a tropical estuary, southwest coast of India. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 6, 57–64 (2008).
Google Scholar
Liu, D. et al. N2O fluxes and rates of nitrification and denitrification at the sediment-water interface in Taihu Lake, China. Water 10, 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070911 (2018).
Google Scholar
Luijn, F. V., Boers, P. C. M. & Lijklema, L. Comparison of denitrification rates in lake sediments obtained by the N2 flux method, the 15N isotope pairing technique and the mass balance approach. Water Res. 30, 893–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00250-2 (1996).
Google Scholar
Pfenning, K. S. & McMahon, P. B. Effect of nitrate, organic carbon, and temperature on potential denitrification rates in nitrate-rich riverbed sediments. J. Hydrol. 187, 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03052-1 (1997).
Google Scholar
Borges, A. V. et al. Globally significant greenhouse-gas emissions from African inland waters. Nat. Geosci. 8(8), 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2486 (2015).
Google Scholar
Marzadri, A., Dee, M. M., Tonina, D., Bellin, A. & Tank, J. L. Role of surface and subsurface processes in scaling N2O emissions along riverine networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114(17), 4330–4335. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617454114 (2017).
Google Scholar
Soued, C., del Giorgio, P. A. & Maranger, R. Nitrous oxide sinks and emissions in boreal aquatic networks in Quebec. Nat. Geosci. 9(2), 116–120, https://www.x-mol.com/paperRedirect/68353 (2016).
Hu, M. P., Chen, D. J. & Dahlgren, R. A. Modeling nitrous oxide emission from rivers: A global assessment. Glob. Change Biol. 22(11), 3566–3582. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13351 (2016).
Google Scholar
Murray, R., Erler, D. V., Rosentreter, J., Wells, N. S. & Eyre, B. D. Seasonal and spatial controls on N2O concentrations and emissions in low-nitrogen estuaries: Evidence from three tropical systems. Mar. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103779 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ji, Q. X., Babbin, A. R., Peng, X. F., Bowen, J. L. & Ward, B. B. Nitrogen substrate dependent nitrous oxide cycling in salt marsh sediments. J. Mar. Res. 73(3–4), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103779 (2015).
Google Scholar
Punshon, S. & Moore, R. M. Nitrous oxide production and consumption in a eutrophic coastal embayment. Mar. Chem. 91(1–4), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.04.003 (2004).
Google Scholar
Corredor, J. E., Morell, J. M. & Bauza, J. Atmospheric nitrous oxide fluxes from mangrove sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 38, 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00172-6 (1999).
Google Scholar
Raymond, P. A. et al. Scaling the gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers. Limnol. Oceanogr. Fluids Environ. 2, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1597669 (2012).
Google Scholar
Alongi, D. M. Impact of global change on nutrient dynamics in mangrove forests. Forests. 9(10), 596. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100596 (2018).
Google Scholar
Reef, R., Feller, I. C. & Lovelock, C. E. Nutrition of mangroves. Tree Physiol. 30, 1148–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq048 (2010).
Google Scholar
Muller, D. et al. Nitrous oxide and methane in two tropical estuaries in a peat-dominated region of northwestern Borneo. Biogeosciences 13(8), 2415–2428. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2415-2016 (2016).
Google Scholar
Hasegawa, T. & Okino, T. Seasonal variation of denitrification rate in Lake Suwa sediment. Limnology 5(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021725/citeas (2004).
Google Scholar
Myrstener, M., Jonsson, A. & Bergström, A. K. The effects of temperature and resource availability on denitrification and relative N2O production in boreal lake sediments. J. Environ. Sci. (China).
Strickland, J. D. H. & Parsons, T. R. A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. 2nd edn. 310 (Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1972).
Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M. & Kremling, K. Methods of seawater analysis. 2nd edn. 419 (Verlag Chemie, 1983).
Garcia, H. & Gordon, L. Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1307 (1992).
Google Scholar
Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M. & Kremling, K. Methods of Seawater Analysis 3rd edn. (VCH, 1999).
David, A. R. Analysis of Total organic carbon. UMass Environmental Engineering Program (2012).
Polunin, N. V. et al. Feeding relationships in Mediterranean bathyal assemblages elucidated by stable nitrogen and carbon isotope data. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 220, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps220013 (2001).
Google Scholar
McAuliffe, C. GC determination of solutes by multiple phase equilibrations. Chem. Tech. 1, 46–50 (1971).
Liss, P. S. & Merlivat, L. Air-sea exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling. In (ed. Buat-Menard, P.) 113–127 (D Reidel, 1986) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4738-2_5.
Weiss, R. F. & Price, B. A. Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Mar. Chem. 8, 347–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(80)90024-9 (1980).
Google Scholar
Rao, G. D., Rao, V. D. & Sarma, V. V. S. S. Distribution and air–sea exchange of Nitrous oxide in the Coastal Bay of Bengal during peak discharge period(southwest monsoon). Mar. Chem. 155, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.04.014 (2013).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com