Pandolfi, J. M. et al. Global trajectories of long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems. Science 301, 955–958 (2003).
Google Scholar
Halpern, B. S. et al. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319, 948–952 (2008).
Google Scholar
Lotze, H. K. et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 312, 1806–1809. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128035 (2006).
Google Scholar
Dayton, P. K., Tegner, M. J., Parnell, P. E. & Edwards, P. B. Temporal and spatial patterns of disturbance and recovery in a kelp forest community. Ecol. Monogr. 62, 421–445. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937118 (1992).
Google Scholar
Gilmour, J. P., Smith, L. D., Heyward, A. J., Baird, A. H. & Pratchett, M. S. Recovery of an isolated coral reef system following severe disturbance. Science 340, 69–71. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1232310 (2013).
Google Scholar
Palumbi, S. R., McLeod, K. L. & Grunbaum, D. Ecosystems in action: Lessons from marine ecology about recovery, resistance, and reversibility. Bioscience 58, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1641/b580108 (2008).
Google Scholar
O’Leary, J. K. et al. The resilience of marine ecosystems to climatic disturbances. Bioscience 67, 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw161 (2017).
Google Scholar
Castorani, M. C. N., Reed, D. C. & Miller, R. J. Loss of foundation species: disturbance frequency outweighs severity in structuring kelp forest communities. Ecology 99, 2442–2454. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2485 (2018).
Google Scholar
Bender, E. A., Case, T. J. & Gilpin, M. E. Perturbation experiments in community ecology: theory and practice. Ecology 65, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939452 (1984).
Google Scholar
Hillebrand, H. & Kunze, C. Meta-analysis on pulse disturbances reveals differences in functional and compositional recovery across ecosystems. Ecol. Lett. 23, 575–585. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13457 (2020).
Google Scholar
Robblee, M. B. et al. Mass mortality of the tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum in Florida Bay (USA). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 71, 297–299. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps071297 (1991).
Google Scholar
Nuttle, W. K., Fourqurean, J. W., Cosby, B. J., Zieman, J. C. & Robblee, M. B. Influence of net freshwater supply on salinity in Florida Bay. Water Resour. Res. 36, 1805–1822. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900352 (2000).
Google Scholar
Hall, M. O., Durako, M. J., Fourqurean, J. W. & Zieman, J. C. Decadal changes in seagrass distribution and abundance in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22, 445–459. https://doi.org/10.2307/1353210 (1999).
Google Scholar
Folke, C. et al. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. and Syst. 35, 557–581. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105711 (2004).
Google Scholar
Gunderson, L. H. Managing surprising ecosystems in southern Florida. Ecol. Econ. 37, 371–378 (2001).
Google Scholar
Biggs, R., Peterson, G. D. & Rocha, J. C. The regime shifts database: a framework for analyzing regime shifts in social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10264-230309 (2018).
Google Scholar
Larkum, A. W. D., Orth, R. J. & Duarte, C. M. Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. 691 p. (Springer, 2006).
Lee, K. S., Park, S. R. & Kim, Y. K. Effects of irradiance, temperature, and nutrients on growth dynamics of seagrasses: a review. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 350, 144–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Jembe.2007.06.016 (2007).
Google Scholar
Johnson, A. J., Shields, E. C., Kendrick, G. A. & Orth, R. J. Recovery dynamics of the seagrass Zostera marina following mass mortalities from two extreme climatic events. Estuar. Coasts 44, 344–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00816-y (2020).
Google Scholar
van Tussenbroek, B. I. et al. The biology of Thalassia: paradigms and recent advances in research in Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation (eds Larkum, A. W. D., Orth, R. J. & Duarte, C. M.) 409–439 (Springer, 2006).
Walker, D. I., Kendrick, G. A. & McComb, A. J. Decline and recovery of seagrass ecosystems – the dynamics of change in Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation (eds Larkum, A. W. D., Orth, R. J., & Duarte, C. M.) 551–565 (Springer, 2006).
Phlips, E. J., Badylak, S. & Lynch, T. C. Blooms of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus in Florida Bay, a subtropical inner-shelf lagoon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1166–1175 (1999).
Google Scholar
Williams, S. L. Experimental studies of Caribbean seagrass bed development. Ecol. Monogr. 60, 449–469. https://doi.org/10.2307/1943015 (1990).
Google Scholar
Kenworthy, W. J., Hall, M. O., Hammerstrom, K. K., Merello, M. & Schwartzschild, A. Restoration of tropical seagrass beds using wild bird fertilization and sediment regrading. Ecol. Eng. 112, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.12.008 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rasheed, M. A. Recovery and succession in a multi-species tropical seagrass meadow following experimental disturbance: the role of sexual and asexual reproduction. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 310, 13–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.022 (2004).
Google Scholar
Rollon, R. N., Van Steveninck, E. D. D. R., Van Vierssen, W. & Fortes, M. D. Contrasting recolonization strategies in multi-species seagrass meadows. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 37, 450–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00105-8 (1999).
Google Scholar
Olesen, B., Marba, N., Duarte, C. M., Savela, R. S. & Fortes, M. D. Recolonization dynamics in a mixed seagrass meadow: the role of clonal versus sexual processes. Estuaries 27, 770–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912039 (2004).
Google Scholar
Waycott, M. et al. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 12377–12381 (2009).
Google Scholar
Lotze, H. K., Coll, M., Magera, A. M., Ward-Paige, C. & Airoldi, L. Recovery of marine animal populations and ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 26, 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.008 (2011).
Google Scholar
Lavorel, S. Ecological diversity and resilience of Mediterranean vegetation to disturbance. Divers. Distrib. 5, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00033.x (1999).
Google Scholar
Zhang, J.-Z., Fischer, C. J. & Ortner, P. B. Potential availability of sedimentary phosphorus to sediment resuspension in Florida Bay. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18, 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002255 (2004).
Google Scholar
Koch, M. S., Schopmeyer, S. A., Nielsen, O. I., Kyhn-Hansen, C. & Madden, C. J. Conceptual model of seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: links to biogeochemical processes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 350, 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.05.031 (2007).
Google Scholar
Birch, W. R. & Birch, M. Succession and pattern of tropical intertidal seagrasses in Cockle Bay, Queensland, Australia: a decade of observations. Aquat. Bot. 19, 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(84)90048-2 (1984).
Google Scholar
Fraser, M. W. et al. Extreme climate events lower resilience of foundation seagrass at edge of biogeographical range. J. Ecol. 102, 1528–1536. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12300 (2014).
Google Scholar
Winters, G. et al. The tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea: reviewing what we know from its native and invasive habitats, alongside identifying knowledge gaps. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00300 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ling, S. D. et al. Global regime shift dynamics of catastrophic sea urchin overgrazing. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 370, 20130269. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0269 (2014).
Google Scholar
Stafford, N. B. & Bell, S. S. Space competition between seagrass and Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskaal) Lamouroux following simulated disturbances in Lassing Park, FL. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 333, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2005.11.025 (2006).
Google Scholar
Raniello, R., Mollo, E., Lorenti, M., Gavagnin, M. & Buia, M. C. Phytotoxic activity of caulerpenyne from the Mediterranean invasive variety of Caulerpa racemosa: a potential allelochemical. Biol. Invasions 9, 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9044-2 (2007).
Google Scholar
Molina Hernández, A. L. & van Tussenbroek, B. I. Patch dynamics and species shifts in seagrass communities under moderate and high grazing pressure by green sea turtles. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 517, 143–157 (2014).
Google Scholar
Armitage, A. R. & Fourqurean, J. W. The short-term influence of herbivory near patch reefs varies between seagrass species. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 339, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.07.013 (2006).
Google Scholar
Thrush, S. F. et al. Forecasting the limits of resilience: integrating empirical research with theory. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 3209–3217. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0661 (2009).
Google Scholar
MacNeil, M. A. et al. Water quality mediates resilience on the Great Barrier Reef. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 620–627. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0832-3 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zieman, J. C., Fourqurean, J. W. & Frankovich, T. A. Reply to B.E. Lapointe and P.J. Barile (2004). Comment on J. C. Zieman, J. W. Fourqurean, and T. A Frankovich 1999 Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass Thalassia testudinum. Estuaries 27, 165–172, https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf02803570 (2004)
Hock, K. et al. Connectivity and systemic resilience of the Great Barrier Reef. PLoS Biol. 15, e2003355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2003355 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bricker, E., Waycott, M., Calladine, A. & Zieman, J. C. High connectivity across environmental gradients and implications for phenotypic plasticity in a marine plant. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 423, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08962 (2011).
Google Scholar
Fourqurean, J. W. & Robblee, M. B. Florida Bay: a history of recent ecological changes. Estuaries 22, 345–357. https://doi.org/10.2307/1353203 (1999).
Google Scholar
Jackson, J. B. C. et al. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, 629. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059199 (2001).
Google Scholar
Tabb, D. C., Dubrow, D. L. & Manning, R. B. The ecology of northern Florida Bay and adjacent esturaries. (Florida State Board of Conservation, Technical Series No. 39, 1962).
Schmidt, T. W. & Davis, G. E. A summary of estuarine and marine water quality information collected in Everglades National Park, Biscayne National Monument, and adjacent estuaries from 1879 to 1977. 79 pp. (U.S. National Park Service, South Florida Research Center, Everglades National Park, Homestead, FL, Report T-519, 1978).
Hall, M. O., Furman, B. T., Merello, M. & Durako, M. J. Recurrence of Thalassia testudinum seagrass die-off in Florida Bay, USA: initial observations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 560, 243–249. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11923 (2016).
Google Scholar
Zieman, J. C., Fourqurean, J. W. & Frankovich, T. A. Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay: long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass Thalassia testudinum. Estuaries 22, 460–470. https://doi.org/10.2307/1353211 (1999).
Google Scholar
Zieman, J. C., Fourqurean, J. W. & Iverson, R. L. Distribution, abundance and productivity of seagrasses and macroalgae in Florida Bay. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44, 292–311 (1989).
Durako, M. J. Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay (USA): changes in shoot demographic characteristics and population dynamics in Thalassia testudinum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 110, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.3354/Meps110059 (1994).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com