Díaz, S., Hodgson, J. G., Thompson, K., Cabido, M. & Zak, M. R. The plant traits that drive ecosystems: evidence from three continents. J. Veg. Sci. 15, 295–304 (2010).
Google Scholar
He, N. et al. Ecosystem traits linking functional traits to macroecology. Trends Ecol Evol 34, 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.11.004 (2019).
Google Scholar
Reich, P. B. & Lusk, W. C. H. Predicting leaf physiology from simple plant and climate attributes: a global GLOPNET analysis. Ecol. Appl. 17, 1982–1988 (2007).
Google Scholar
Shi, P., Preisler, H. K., Quinn, B. K., Zhao, J. & Hlscher, D. Precipitation is the most crucial factor determining the distribution of moso bamboo in Mainland China. Global Ecol. Conserv. 22, e00924 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bassirirad, G. H. Extreme events as shaping physiology, ecology, and evolution of plants: toward a unified definition and evaluation of their consequences. New Phytol. 160, 21–42 (2003).
Google Scholar
Boyer, J. S. Water transport. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36, 473–516 (1985).
Google Scholar
Kromer, S. Respiration during photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 46, 45–70 (1995).
Google Scholar
Carl, V. J. & VanLoocke, A. Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing environment: a dominant role for water. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 66, 599–622 (2015).
Google Scholar
Heinen, R. B., Qing, Y. & François, C. Role of aquaporins in leaf physiology. J. Exp. Bot. 60, 2971–2985 (2009).
Google Scholar
Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A. & Mooney, H. A. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology (Springer, 2011).
Google Scholar
Ma, Z. et al. Evolutionary history resolves global organization of root functional traits. Nature 555, 94–97 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zhang, J. et al. C:N: P stoichiometry in China’s forests: from organs to ecosystems. Funct. Ecol. 32, 50–60 (2017).
Google Scholar
Grime, J. P. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am. Nat. 111, 1221–1226 (1977).
Google Scholar
Bassirirad, H. & Caldwell, M. M. Root growth, osmotic adjustment and NO3-uptake during and after a period of drought in Artemisia tridentata. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 493–500 (1992).
Google Scholar
Bassirirad, H. & Caldwell, M. M. Temporal changes in root growth and 15N uptake and water relations of two tussock grass species recovering from water stress. Physiol. Plant. 86, 525–531 (1992).
Google Scholar
Bassirirad, H. et al. Short-term patterns in water and nitrogen acquisition by two desert shrubs following a simulated summer rain. Plant Ecol. 145, 27–36 (1999).
Google Scholar
Gebauer, R. L. E. & Ehleringer, J. R. Water and nitrogen uptake patterns following moisture pulses in a cold desert community. Ecology 81, 1415 (2000).
Google Scholar
Liu, M., Niklas, K. J., Niinemets, L., Hlscher, D. & Shi, P. Comparison of the scaling relationships of leaf biomass versus surface area between spring and summer for two deciduous tree species. Forests 11, 1010 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shi, P., Li, Y., Hui, C., Ratkowsky, D. A. & Niinemets, L. Does the law of diminishing returns in leaf scaling apply to vines? Evidence from 12 species of climbing plants. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 21, e00830 (2019).
Google Scholar
Yu, X., Hui, C., Sandhu, H. S., Lin, Z. & Shi, P. Scaling relationships between leaf shape and area of 12 Rosaceae species. Symmetry 11, 1255 (2019).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. et al. Variation of stomatal traits from cold temperate to tropical forests and association with water use efficiency. Funct. Ecol. 32, 20–28 (2017).
Google Scholar
Am, H. & Fi, W. The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature 424, 901–908 (2003).
Google Scholar
Huang, W., Ratkowsky, D. A., Hui, C., Wang, P. & Shi, P. Leaf fresh weight versus dry weight: which is better for describing the scaling relationship between leaf biomass and leaf area for broad-leaved plants?. Forests 10, 256 (2019).
Google Scholar
Huang, W., Reddy, G. V., Li, Y., Larsen, J. B. & Shi, P. Increase in absolute leaf water content tends to keep pace with that of leaf dry mass—evidence from bamboo plants. Symmetry 12, 1345 (2020).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. Quantifying leaf-trait covariation and its controls across climates and biomes. New Phytol. 221, 155–168 (2019).
Google Scholar
Huang, W., Fonti, P., Rbild, A., Larsen, J. B. & Hansen, J. K. Variability Among Sites and Climate Models Contribute to Uncertain Spruce Growth Projections in Denmark. Forests 12, 36 (2021).
Google Scholar
Aspinwall, M. J. et al. Range size and growth temperature influence Eucalyptus species responses to an experimental heatwave. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 1665–1684 (2019).
Google Scholar
Shao, J. et al. Plant evolutionary history mainly explains the variance in biomass responses to climate warming at a global scale. New Phytol. 222, 1338–1351 (2019).
Google Scholar
He, J., Reddy, G. V., Liu, M. & Shi, P. A general formula for calculating surface area of the similarly shaped leaves: evidence from six Magnoliaceae species. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 23, e01129 (2020).
Google Scholar
Guo, X., Reddy, G. V., He, J., Li, J. & Shi, P. Mean-variance relationships of leaf bilateral asymmetry for 35 species of plants and their implications. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 23, e01152 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shi, P.-J., Li, Y.-R., Niinemets, Ü., Olson, E. & Schrader, J. Influence of leaf shape on the scaling of leaf surface area and length in bamboo plants. Trees 35, 1–7 (2020).
Shi, P. et al. Leaf area–length allometry and its implications in leaf shape evolution. Trees 33, 1073–1085 (2019).
Google Scholar
Yu, X., Shi, P., Schrader, J. & Niklas, K. J. Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for 15 species of vines with different leaf shapes. Am. J. Bot. 107, 1481–1490. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1560 (2020).
Google Scholar
Brown, J. H. On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. Am. Nat. 124, 255–279 (1984).
Google Scholar
Slatyer, R. A., Hirst, M. & Sexton, J. P. Niche breadth predicts geographical range size: a general ecological pattern. Ecol. Lett. 16, 1104–1114 (2013).
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Orozco, C. E. et al. Phylogenetic approaches reveal biodiversity threats under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 1110–1114 (2016).
Google Scholar
Pacifici, M. et al. Assessing species vulnerability to climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 5, 215–224 (2015).
Google Scholar
Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S. & Araújo, M. B. Niche properties and geographical extent as predictors of species sensitivity to climate change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 14, 347–357 (2005).
Google Scholar
Wright, I. J. et al. Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven Neotropical forests. Ann. Bot. 99, 1003–1015 (2007).
Google Scholar
Reich, P. B. The world-wide ‘fast–slow’plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. J. Ecol. 102, 275–301 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kong, D. et al. Leading dimensions in absorptive root trait variation across 96 subtropical forest species. New Phytol. 203, 863–872 (2014).
Google Scholar
Koch, G. W., Scholes, R. J., Steffen, W. L., Vitousek, P. M. & Walker, B. H. The IGBP terrestrial transects: science plan. Global Change Report (1995).
Liu, Z., Shao, M. A. & Wang, Y. Effect of environmental factors on regional soil organic carbon stocks across the Loess Plateau region China. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 142, 184–194 (2011).
Google Scholar
Bai, Y. et al. Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia plateau. Ecology 89, 2140–2153 (2008).
Google Scholar
Chen, H. et al. The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Q inghai-T ibetan P lateau. Glob. Change Biol. 19, 2940–2955 (2013).
Google Scholar
Dee, L. E. et al. When do ecosystem services depend on rare species?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 746–758 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cornelissen, J. et al. A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust. J. Bot. 51, 335–380 (2003).
Google Scholar
Lamont, B. B., Downes, S. & Fox, J. E. Importance–value curves and diversity indices applied to a species-rich heathland in Western Australia. Nature 265, 438–441 (1977).
Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Guo, R., Gao, S., Guo, J. & Sun, W. Responses of plant community composition and biomass production to warming and nitrogen deposition in a temperate meadow ecosystem. PLoS ONE 10, e0123160 (2015).
Google Scholar
Qian, H. & Jin, Y. An updated megaphylogeny of plants, a tool for generating plant phylogenies and an analysis of phylogenetic community structure. J. Plant Ecol. 9, 233–239 (2016).
Google Scholar
Blomberg, S. P., Garland, T. Jr. & Ives, A. R. Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution 57, 717–745 (2003).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com