Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007).
Google Scholar
Woodley, J. D. et al. Hurricane Allen’s impact on Jamaican coral reefs. Science 214, 749–755 (1981).
Google Scholar
Scoffin, T. P. The geological effects of hurricanes on coral reefs and the interpretation of storm deposits. Coral Reefs 12, 203–221 (1993).
Google Scholar
Browning, T. N. et al. Widespread deposition in a Coastal Bay following three major 2017 Hurricanes (Irma, Jose, and Maria). Sci. Rep. 9, 7101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43062-4 (2019).
Google Scholar
Rogers, C. S. Immediate effects of hurricanes on a diverse coral/mangrove ecosystem in the US Virgin Islands and the potential for recovery. Diversity 11, 130 (2019).
Google Scholar
Graham, N. A. J. & Nash, K. L. The importance of structural complexity in coral reef ecosystems. Coral Reefs 32, 315–326 (2013).
Google Scholar
Newman, S. P. et al. Reef flattening effects on total richness and species responses in the Caribbean. J. Anim Ecol. 84, 1678–1689 (2015).
Google Scholar
Burns, J. H. et al. Assessing the impact of acute disturbances on the structure and composition of a coral community using innovative 3D reconstruction techniques. Methods Oceanogr. 15, 49–59 (2016).
Google Scholar
Massel, S. R. & Done, T. J. Effects of cyclone waves on massive coral assemblages on the Great Barrier Reef: Meteorology, hydrodynamics and demography. Coral Reefs 12(3–4), 153–166 (1993).
Google Scholar
Madin, J. S. & Connolly, S. R. Ecological consequences of major hydrodynamic disturbances on coral reefs. Nature 444(7118), 477–480 (2006).
Google Scholar
Madin, J. S., Baird, A. H., Dornelas, M. & Connolly, S. R. Mechanical vulnerability explains size-dependent mortality of reef corals. Ecol. Lett. 17(8), 1008–1015 (2014).
Google Scholar
Bellwood, D. R. & Hughes, T. P. Regional-scale assembly rules and biodiversity of coral reefs. Science 292, 1532–1535 (2001).
Google Scholar
Friedlander, A. et al. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States. PLoS ONE 73, 263–306 (2005).
Houston, S. & Birchard, T. Central Pacific Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report, Hurricane Walaka. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/CP012018_Walaka.pdf (2020).
Nugert, A. D. et al. Fire and rain: The legacy of Hurricane Lane in Hawai ‘i. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 101, 954–967 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fukunaga, A., Burns, J. H. R., Pascoe, K. H. & Kosaki, R. K. Associations between benthic cover and habitat complexity metrics obtained from 3D reconstruction of coral reefs at different resolutions. Remote Sens. 12, 1011 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fukunaga, A. & Burns, J. H. R. Metrics of coral reef structural complexity extracted from 3D mesh models and digital elevation models. Remote Sens. 12, 2676 (2020).
Google Scholar
Meyer, C. G., Holland, K. N. & Papastamatiou, Y. P. Seasonal and diel movements of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis at remote Hawaiian atolls: Implications for the design of marine protected areas. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 12(333), 13–25 (2007).
Google Scholar
Fukunaga, A., Kosaki, R. K. & Hauk, B. B. Distribution and abundance of the introduced snapper Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) on shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Bioinvasions Rec. 6, 259–268 (2017).
Google Scholar
Burns, J. H., Delparte, D., Gates, R. D. & Takabayashi, M. Integrating structure-from-motion photogrammetry with geospatial software as a novel technique for quantifying 3D ecological characteristics of coral reefs. PeerJ 3, e1077. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1077 (2015).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, v. 3.5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2019). https://www.R-project.org (2019).
Hijmans, R. J. raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling, R package Version 2.9-5, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster (2019)
Bivand, R. & Rundel, C. rgeos: Interface to Geometry Engine—Open Source (GEOS), R package version 0.4-3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgeos (2019).
Fukunaga, A., Burns, J. H. R., Craig, B. K. & Kosaki, R. K. Integrating three-dimensional benthic habitat characterization techniques into ecological monitoring of coral reefs. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 7, 27 (2019).
Google Scholar
Risk, M. J. Fish diversity on a coral reef in the Virgin Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 153, 1–4 (1972).
Google Scholar
Horn, B. K. P. Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proc. IEEE 69, 14–47 (1981).
Google Scholar
Walbridge, S., Slocum, N., Pobuda, M. & Wright, D. J. Unified geomorphological analysis workflows with Benthic Terrain Modeler. Geosciences 8, 94 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sappington, J. M., Longshore, K. M. & Thompson, D. B. Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis: A case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert. J. Wildl. Manage. 71, 1419–1426 (2007).
Google Scholar
Zevenbergen, L. W. & Thorne, C. R. Quantitative analysis of land surface topography. Earth Surf. Process Landf. 12, 47–56 (1987).
Google Scholar
Couch, C. S. et al. Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands). PLoS ONE 12(9), e0185121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185121 (2017).
Google Scholar
Magel, J. M. T., Burns, J. H., Gates, R. D. & Baum, J. K. Effects of bleaching-associated mass coral mortality on reef structural complexity across a gradient of local disturbance. Sci. Rep. 9, 2515. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37713-1 (2019).
Google Scholar
Luckhurst, B. E. & Luckhurst, K. Analysis of the influence of substrate variables on coral reef fish communities. Mar. Biol. 49(4), 317–323 (1978).
Google Scholar
Graham, N. A. J. et al. Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 8425–8429 (2006).
Google Scholar
Mandelbrot, B. B. & Mandelbrot, B. B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature Vol. 1 (WH Freeman, 1982).
Google Scholar
Young, G. C. et al. Cost and time-effective method for multi-scale measures of rugosity, fractal dimension, and vector dispersion from coral reef 3D models. PLoS ONE 12, e0175341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175341 (2017).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com