Turner, W. R. et al. Global conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bioscience 57, 868–873. https://doi.org/10.1641/B571009 (2007).
Google Scholar
O’Connor, B., Bojinski, S., Roosli, C. & Schaepman, M. E. Monitoring global changes in biodiversity and climate essential as ecological crisis intensifies. Ecol. Inform. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.101033 (2020).
Google Scholar
Driscoll, D. A. et al. A biodiversity-crisis hierarchy to evaluate and refine conservation indicators. Nat. Ecol. Evolut. 2, 775–781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0504-8 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mouillot, D. et al. Rare species support vulnerable functions in high-diversity ecosystems. PLoS. Biol. 11, 11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001569 (2013).
Google Scholar
Hughes, T. P., Graham, N. A. J., Jackson, J. B. C., Mumby, P. J. & Steneck, R. S. Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 633–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.07.011 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hughes, T. P. et al. Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature 556, 492 (2018).
Google Scholar
Säterberg, T., Sellman, S. & Ebenman, B. High frequency of functional extinctions in ecological networks. Nature 499, 468–470 (2013).
Google Scholar
Valiente-Banuet, A. et al. Beyond species loss: The extinction of ecological interactions in a changing world. Funct. Ecol. 29, 299–307 (2015).
Google Scholar
Fontoura, L. et al. Climate-driven shift in coral morphological structure predicts decline of juvenile reef fishes. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 557–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14911 (2020).
Google Scholar
Chivers, D. P., McCormick, M. I., Allan, B. J. & Ferrari, M. C. O. Risk assessment and predator learning in a changing world: Understanding the impacts of coral reef degradation. Sci. Rep. 6, 32542 (2016).
Google Scholar
Downie, A. T. et al. Exposure to degraded coral habitat depresses oxygen uptake rate during exercise of a juvenile reef fish. Coral Reefs https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02113-x (2021).
Google Scholar
Ferrari, M. C. O., McCormick, M. I., Allan, B. J. & Chivers, D. P. Not equal in the face of habitat change: Closely related fishes differ in their ability to use predation-related information in degraded coral. Proc. R. Soc. B 284, 20162758 (2017).
Google Scholar
McCormick, M. I., Barry, R. P. & Allan, B. J. M. Algae associated with coral degradation affects risk assessment in coral reef fishes. Sci. Rep. 7, 12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17197-1 (2017).
Google Scholar
Brown, G. E. & Chivers, D. P. in Fish cognition and behaviour (eds C. Brown, K. Laland, & J. Krause) 49–69 (Blackwell Scientific Publisher, 2006).
Meuthen, D., Baldauf, S. A., Bakker, T. C. M. & Thunken, T. Neglected patterns of variation in phenotypic plasticity: Age- and sex-specific antipredator plasticity in a cichlid fish. Am. Nat. 191, 475–490. https://doi.org/10.1086/696264 (2018).
Google Scholar
Lonnstedt, O. M., McCormick, M. I., Meekan, M. G., Ferrari, M. C. O. & Chivers, D. P. Learn and live: Predator experience and feeding history determines prey behaviour and survival. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 279, 2091–2098. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2516 (2012).
Google Scholar
Ferrari, M. C. O. et al. School is out on noisy reefs: The effect of boat noise on predator learning and survival of juvenile coral reef fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 285, 8. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0033 (2018).
Google Scholar
Chivers, D. P., McCormick, M. I., Mitchell, M. D., Ramasamy, R. A. & Ferrari, M. C. O. Background level of risk determines how prey categorize predators and non-predators. Proc. R. Soc. B 281, 20140355 (2014).
Google Scholar
Crane, A. L. & Ferrari, M. C. O. in Social learning theory: Phylogenetic considerations across animal, plant, and microbial taxa (ed K. B. Clark) 53–82 (Nova Science Publishers, 2013).
Ferrari, M. C. O., Wisenden, B. D. & Chivers, D. P. Chemical ecology of predator–prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems: A review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 88, 698–724 (2010).
Google Scholar
Mirza, R. S. & Chivers, D. P. Are chemical alarm cues conserved within salmonid fishes?. J. Chem. Ecol. 27, 1641–1655 (2001).
Google Scholar
Brown, G. E., Adrian, J. C., Naderi, N. T., Harvey, M. C. & Kelly, J. M. Nitrogen oxides elicit antipredator responses in juvenile channel catfish, but not in convict cichlids or rainbow trout: Conservation of the ostariophysan alarm pheromone. J. Chem. Ecol. 29, 1781–1796 (2003).
Google Scholar
Pollock, M. S., Chivers, D. P., Mirza, R. S. & Wisenden, B. D. Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, learn to recognize chemical alarm cues of introduced brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Environ. Biol. Fishes 66, 313–319 (2003).
Google Scholar
Chivers, D. P., Brown, G. E. & Smith, R. J. F. Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from pike, Esox lucius, by brook sticklebacks, Culaea inconstans (Osteichthyes, Gasterosteidae). Ethology 99, 234–242 (1995).
Google Scholar
Mitchell, M. D., Cowman, P. F. & McCormick, M. I. Chemical alarm cues are conserved within the coral reef fish family Pomacentridae. Plos One 7, e47428 (2012).
Google Scholar
Ferrari, M. C. O. et al. Intrageneric variation in antipredator responses of coral reef fishes affected by ocean acidification: implications for climate change projections on marine communities. Glob. Change Biol. 17, 2980–2986 (2011).
Google Scholar
Chivers, D. et al. Coral degradation alters predator odour signatures and influences prey learning and survival. Proc. R. Soc. B 286, 20190562 (2019).
Google Scholar
Ferrari, M. C. O., McCormick, M. I., Meekan, M. G. & Chivers, D. P. Background level of risk and the survival of predator-naive prey: Can neophobia compensate for predator naivety in juvenile coral reef fishes?. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 282, 20142197 (2015).
Stewart, B. D. & Beukers, J. S. Baited technique improves censuses of cryptic fish in complex habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 197, 259–272 (2000).
Google Scholar
Hoey, A. S. & McCormick, M. I. in Proceedings of the 10th international coral reef symposium Vol. 1. 420–424 (2006).
McCormick, M. I., Chivers, D. P., Allan, B. J. & Ferrari, M. C. O. Habitat degradation disrupts neophobia in juvenile coral reef fish. Glob. Change Biol. 23, 719–727 (2017).
Google Scholar
McCormick, M. I., Moore, J. A. Y. & Munday, P. L. Influence of habitat degradation on fish replenishment. Coral Reefs 29, 537–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0620-7 (2010).
Google Scholar
McCormick, M. I. Behaviourally mediated phenotypic selection in a disturbed coral reef environment. Plos One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007096 (2009).
Google Scholar
White, J. R., Meekan, M. G. & McCormick, M. I. Individual consistency in the behaviors of newly-settled reef fish. PeerJ 3, e961 (2015).
Google Scholar
McCormick, M. I. & Weaver, C. J. It pays to be pushy: Intracohort interference competition between two reef fishes. Plos One 7, e42590 (2012).
Google Scholar
Wolf, N. G. Odd fish abandon mixed-species groups when threatened. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 17, 47–52 (1985).
Google Scholar
Usio, N., Konishi, M. & Nakano, S. Species displacement between an introduced and a ‘vulnerable’ crayfish: The role of aggressive interactions and shelter competition. Biol. Invasions 3, 179–185 (2001).
Google Scholar
Dargent, F., Torres-Dowdall, J., Scott, M. E., Ramnarine, I. & Fussmann, G. F. Can mixed-species groups reduce individual parasite load? A field test with two closely related poeciliid fishes (Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia picta). PloS One 8, e56789 (2013).
Google Scholar
Uetz, G. W. & Hieber, C. S. Group size and predation risk in colonial web-building spiders: Analysis of attack abatement mechanisms. Behav. Ecol. 5, 326–333 (1994).
Google Scholar
McCormick, M. I., Barry, R. P. & Allan, B. J. Algae associated with coral degradation affects risk assessment in coral reef fishes. Sci. Rep. 7, 16937 (2017).
Google Scholar
Lecchini, D., Planes, S. & Galzin, R. Experimental assessment of sensory modalities of coral-reef fish larvae in the recognition of their settlement habitat. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 58, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0905-3 (2005).
Google Scholar
Lecchini, D., Planes, S. & Galzin, R. The influence of habitat characteristics and conspecifics on attraction and survival of coral reef fish juveniles. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 341, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.006 (2007).
Google Scholar
Lecchini, D., Waqalevu, V. P., Parmentier, E., Radford, C. A. & Banaigs, B. Fish larvae prefer coral over algal water cues: Implications of coral reef degradation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 475, 303–307. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10094 (2013).
Google Scholar
O’Connor, J. J. et al. Sediment pollution impacts sensory ability and performance of settling coral-reef fish. Oecologia 180, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3367-6 (2016).
Google Scholar
Chivers, D. P. & Smith, R. J. F. Chemical alarm signalling in aquatic predator–prey systems: A review and prospectus. Ecoscience 5, 338–352 (1998).
Google Scholar
Wisenden, B. D. Olfactory assessment of predation risk in the aquatic environment. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 355, 1205–1208 (2000).
Google Scholar
Brown, G. E., Adrian, J. C., Smyth, E., Leet, H. & Brennan, S. Ostariophysan alarm pheromones: Laboratory and field tests of the functional significance of nitrogen oxides. J. Chem. Ecol. 26, 139–154 (2000).
Google Scholar
Bertucci, F. et al. Decreased retention of olfactory predator recognition in juvenile surgeon fish exposed to pesticide. Chemosphere 208, 469–475 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mitchell, M. D., McCormick, M. I., Ferrari, M. C. O. & Chivers, D. P. Coral reef fishes rapidly learn to identify multiple unknown predators upon recruitment to the reefs. Plos One 6, e15764 (2011).
Google Scholar
Palacios, M., Malerba, M. & McCormick, M. Multiple predator effects on juvenile prey survival. Oecologia 188, 417–427 (2018).
Google Scholar
Auster, P. J., Cortés, J., Alvarado, J. J. & Beita-Jiménez, A. Coordinated hunting behaviors of mixed-species groups of piscivores and associated species at Isla del Coco National Park (Eastern Tropical Pacific). Neotrop. Ichthyol. 17, e180165 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pandolfi, J. M. et al. Global trajectories of the long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems. Science 301, 955–958 (2003).
Google Scholar
Cheng, L. et al. 2018 Continues record global ocean warming. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 36, 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8276-x (2019).
Google Scholar
Lawton, J. H. & Brown, V. K. Redundancy in ecosystems Vol. 99 (Springer, 1993).
Source: Ecology - nature.com