Mackintosh NA. The southern stocks of whalebone whales 1942.
Perrin, W. F. & Wursig, B. Thewissen JGM “Hans” (Academic Press, 2009).
Rizzo, L. Y. & Schulte, D. A review of humpback whales’ migration patterns worldwide and their consequences to gene flow. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 89, 995–1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000332 (2009).
Google Scholar
Baker, C. S. et al. Strong maternal fidelity and natal philopatry shape genetic structure in North Pacific humpback whales. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 494, 291–306. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10508 (2013).
Google Scholar
Clapham, P. J. et al. Seasonal occurrence and annual return of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the southern Gulf of Maine. Can J Zool 71, 440–443. https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-063 (1993).
Google Scholar
Dawbin, W. H. The seasonal migratory cycle of humpback whales. Whales Dolphins Porpoises 4, 145–70 (1966).
Google Scholar
Horton, T. W., Zerbini, A. N., Andriolo, A., Danilewicz, D. & Sucunza, F. Multi-decadal humpback whale migratory route fidelity despite oceanographic and geomagnetic change. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00414 (2020).
Google Scholar
Larsen, A. H., Sigurjónsson, J., Oien, N., Vikingsson, G. & Palsbøll, P. Populations genetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial loci in skin biopsies collected from central and northeastern North Atlantic humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): Population identity and migratory destinations. Proc. Biol. Sci. 263, 1611–1618. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1996.0236 (1996).
Google Scholar
Palsbøll, P. J. et al. Genetic tagging of humpback whales. Nature 388, 767–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/42005 (1997).
Google Scholar
Barendse, J. et al. Migration redefined? Seasonality, movements and group composition of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae off the west coast of South Africa. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 32, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2989/18142321003714203 (2010).
Google Scholar
Best, B. P., Sekiguchi, K. & Findlay, P. K. A suspended migration of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae on the west coast of South Africa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 118, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps118001 (1995).
Google Scholar
Brown, M. R., Corkeron, P. J., Hale, P. T., Schultz, K. W. & Bryden, M. M. Evidence for a sex-segregated migration in the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 259, 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1995.0034 (1995).
Google Scholar
Christensen, I., Haug, T. & Øien, N. Seasonal distribution, exploitation and present abundance of stocks of large baleen whales (Mysticeti) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Norwegian and adjacent waters. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 49, 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/49.3.341 (1992).
Google Scholar
Corkeron, P. J. & Connor, R. C. Why do baleen whales migrate?1. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15, 1228–1245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00887.x (1999).
Google Scholar
Pomilla, C. & Rosenbaum, H. C. Against the current: An inter-oceanic whale migration event. Biol. Lett. 1, 476–479. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0351 (2005).
Google Scholar
Druskat, A., Ghosh, R., Castrillon, J. & Bengtson Nash, S. M. Sex ratios of migrating southern hemisphere humpback whales: A new sentinel parameter of ecosystem health. Mar. Environ. Res. 151, 104749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104749 (2019).
Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. et al. Krill (Euphausia superba) distribution contracts southward during rapid regional warming. Nat. Clim. Chang. 9, 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0370-z (2019).
Google Scholar
Atkinson, A., Siegel, V., Pakhomov, E. & Rothery, P. Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern Ocean. Nature 432, 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02996 (2004).
Google Scholar
Flores, H. et al. Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 458, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09831 (2012).
Google Scholar
Andrews-Goff, V. et al. Humpback whale migrations to Antarctic summer foraging grounds through the southwest Pacific Ocean. Sci. Rep. 8, 12333. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30748-4 (2018).
Google Scholar
Garrigue, C., Clapham, P. J., Geyer, Y., Kennedy, A. S. & Zerbini, A. N. Satellite tracking reveals novel migratory patterns and the importance of seamounts for endangered South Pacific humpback whales. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2, 150489. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150489 (2015).
Google Scholar
Riekkola, L., Andrews-Goff, V., Friedlaender, A., Constantine, R. & Zerbini, A. N. Environmental drivers of humpback whale foraging behavior in the remote Southern Ocean. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 517, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2019.05.008 (2019).
Google Scholar
Fleming, A. H., Clark, C. T., Calambokidis, J. & Barlow, J. Humpback whale diets respond to variance in ocean climate and ecosystem conditions in the California Current. Glob. Change Biol. 22, 1214–1224. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13171 (2016).
Google Scholar
Nash, S. M. B. et al. Signals from the south; humpback whales carry messages of Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem variability. Glob. Change Biol. 24, 1500–1510. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14035 (2018).
Google Scholar
Cartwright, R. et al. Fluctuating reproductive rates in Hawaii’s humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, reflect recent climate anomalies in the North Pacific. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 181463. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181463 (2019).
Google Scholar
Tulloch, V. J. D., Plagányi, É. E., Matear, R., Brown, C. J. & Richardson, A. J. Ecosystem modelling to quantify the impact of historical whaling on Southern Hemisphere baleen whales. Fish Fish. 19, 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12241 (2018).
Google Scholar
Jonsen, I. D., Flemming, J. M. & Myers, R. A. Robust state–space modeling of animal movement data. Ecology 86, 2874–2880. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1852 (2005).
Google Scholar
Morales, J. M., Haydon, D. T., Frair, J., Holsinger, K. E. & Fryxell, J. M. Extracting more out of relocation data: Building movement models as mixtures of random walks. Ecology 85, 2436–2445. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0269 (2004).
Google Scholar
Patterson, T. A., Thomas, L., Wilcox, C., Ovaskainen, O. & Matthiopoulos, J. State–space models of individual animal movement. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.009 (2008).
Google Scholar
Jonsen, I. Joint estimation over multiple individuals improves behavioural state inference from animal movement data. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20625 (2016).
Google Scholar
Mills Flemming, J., Jonsen, I. D., Myers, R. A. & Field, C. A. Hierarchical state-space estimation of leatherback turtle navigation ability. PLoS ONE 5, e14245. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014245 (2010).
Google Scholar
Andriolo, A., Kinas, P. G., Engel, M. H., Martins, C. C. A. & Rufino, A. M. Humpback whales within the Brazilian breeding ground: Distribution and population size estimate. Endanger. Species Res. 11, 233–243. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00282 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ward, E., Zerbini, A. N., Kinas, P. G., Engel, M. H. & Andriolo, A. Estimates of population growth rates of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the wintering grounds off the coast of Brazil (Breeding Stock A). J Cetacean Res. Manag. 3, 145–149 (2011).
Zerbini, A. N. et al. Assessing the recovery of an Antarctic predator from historical exploitation. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 190368. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190368 (2019).
Google Scholar
Bortolotto, G. A., Danilewicz, D., Hammond, P. S., Thomas, L. & Zerbini, A. N. Whale distribution in a breeding area: Spatial models of habitat use and abundance of western South Atlantic humpback whales. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 585, 213–227. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12393 (2017).
Google Scholar
Martins, C. C. A., Andriolo, A., Engel, M. H., Kinas, P. G. & Saito, C. H. Identifying priority areas for humpback whale conservation at Eastern Brazilian Coast. Ocean Coast. Manag. 75, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.006 (2013).
Google Scholar
Albertson, G. R. et al. Temporal stability and mixed-stock analyses of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the nearshore waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol. 41, 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2193-1 (2018).
Google Scholar
Engel, M. & Martin, A. Feeding grounds of the western South Atlantic humpback whale population. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 25, 964–969 (2009).
Google Scholar
Engel, M. H. et al. Mitochondrial DNA diversity of the Southwestern Atlantic humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breeding area off Brazil, and the potential connections to Antarctic feeding areas. Conserv. Genet. 5, 1253–1262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9453-5 (2008).
Google Scholar
Stevick, P., De Godoy, L. P., McOsker, M., Engel, M. & Allen, J. A note on the movement of a humpback whale from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil to South Georgia. J. Cetac. Res. Manag. 8, 297 (2006).
Zerbini, A. N. et al. Migration and summer destinations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean. J. Cetacean Res. Manag. 3, 113–8 (2011).
Zerbini, A. N. et al. Satellite-monitored movements of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 313, 295–304. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps313295 (2006).
Google Scholar
de Castro, F. R. et al. Are marine protected areas and priority areas for conservation representative of humpback whale breeding habitats in the western South Atlantic?. Biol. Conserv. 179, 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.013 (2014).
Google Scholar
Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., Kleivane, L., OIen, N., Laidre, K. L. & Jensen, M. V. A new technique for deploying Sa℡lite transmitters on baleen whales: Tracking a blue whale (balaenoptera Musculus) in the North Atlantic. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 17, 949–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01309.x (2011).
Google Scholar
Heide-Jørgensen, M. P. et al. From greenland to Canada in ten days: Tracks of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, across Baffin Bay. Arctic 56, 21–31 (2003).
Google Scholar
Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., Laidre, K. L., Jensen, M. V., Dueck, L. & Postma, L. D. Dissolving stock discreteness with Sa℡lite tracking: Bowhead whales in Baffin Bay. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 22, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00004.x (2006).
Google Scholar
Zerbini, A. N., Fernandez, A. A., Andriolo, A., Clapham, P. J., Crespo, E., Gonzalez, R., et al. Satellite tracking of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) from Golfo San Matias, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission SC67b, Bled, Slovenia (2018).
Chittleborough, R. G. Dynamics of two populations of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski). Mar. Freshwater Res. 16, 33–128. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf9650033 (1965).
Google Scholar
Freitas, C., Lydersen, C., Fedak, M. A. & Kovacs, K. M. A simple new algorithm to filter marine mammal Argos locations. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 24, 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00180.x (2008).
Google Scholar
Lambertsen, R. H. A biopsy system for large whales and its use for cytogenetics. J. Mamm. 68, 443–445. https://doi.org/10.2307/1381495 (1987).
Google Scholar
Mendelssohn, R. rerddapXtracto: Extracts Environmental Data from “ERDDAP” Web Services. (2020).
Chin, T. M., Milliff, R. F. & Large, W. G. Basin-scale, high-wavenumber sea surface wind fields from a multiresolution analysis of scatterometer data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 15, 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015%3c0741:BSHWSS%3e2.0.CO;2 (1998).
Google Scholar
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T. & Nowlin, W. D. On the meridional extent and fronts of the antarctic circumpolar current. Deep Sea Res. Part I 42, 641–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W (1995).
Google Scholar
Johnson, D. S., London, J. M., Lea, M.-A. & Durban, J. W. Continuous-time correlated random walk model for animal telemetry data. Ecology 89, 1208–1215. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1032.1 (2008).
Google Scholar
Bedriñana-Romano, L. et al. Defining priority areas for blue whale conservation and investigating overlap with vessel traffic in Chilean Patagonia, using a fast-fitting movement model. Sci. Rep. 11, 2709. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82220-5 (2021).
Google Scholar
McClintock, B. T., London, J. M., Cameron, M. F. & Boveng, P. L. Modelling animal movement using the Argos satellite telemetry location error ellipse. Methods Ecol. Evol. 6, 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12311 (2015).
Google Scholar
Akaike, H. Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principal. International Symposium on Information Theory (Akademiai Kaiado, 1973).
Google Scholar
Auger-Méthé, M. et al. Spatiotemporal modelling of marine movement data using Template Model Builder (TMB). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 565, 237–249. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12019 (2017).
Google Scholar
Jonsen, I. D. et al. Movement responses to environment: Fast inference of variation among southern elephant seals with a mixed effects model. Ecology 100, e02566. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2566 (2019).
Google Scholar
Kristensen, K., Nielsen, A., Berg, C. W., Skaug, H. & Bell, B. TMB: Automatic differentiation and laplace approximation. J. Stat. Softw. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v070.i05 (2016).
Google Scholar
Marcondes, M. C. C. et al. The Southern Ocean Exchange: Porous boundaries between humpback whale breeding populations in southern polar waters. Sci. Rep. 11, 23618. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02612-5 (2021).
Google Scholar
Derville, S., Torres, L. G., Zerbini, A. N., Oremus, M. & Garrigue, C. Horizontal and vertical movements of humpback whales inform the use of critical pelagic habitats in the western South Pacific. Sci. Rep. 10, 4871. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61771-z (2020).
Google Scholar
Noad, M. J. & Cato, D. H. Swimming speeds of singing and non-singing humpback whales during migration. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 23, 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.02414.x (2007).
Google Scholar
Gabriele, C. M. et al. Estimating the mortality rate of humpback whale calves in the central North Pacific Ocean. Can. J. Zool. 79, 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-014 (2001).
Google Scholar
Korb, R. E., Whitehouse, M. J., Atkinson, A. & Thorpe, S. E. Magnitude and maintenance of the phytoplankton bloom at South Georgia: A naturally iron-replete environment. Mar. Ecol. Progress Ser. 368, 75–91 (2008).
Google Scholar
Korb, R. E., Whitehouse, M. J. & Ward, P. SeaWiFS in the southern ocean: Spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton biomass around South Georgia. Deep Sea Res. Part II 51, 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.04.002 (2004).
Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. et al. Oceanic circumpolar habitats of Antarctic krill. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 362, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07498 (2008).
Google Scholar
Murphy, E. J. et al. Southern antarctic circumpolar current front to the northeast of South Georgia: Horizontal advection of krill and its role in the ecosystem. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001522 (2004).
Google Scholar
Schmidt, K., Atkinson, A., Pond, D. W. & Ireland, L. C. Feeding and overwintering of Antarctic krill across its major habitats: The role of sea ice cover, water depth, and phytoplankton abundance. Limnol. Oceanogr. 59, 17–36. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.1.0017 (2014).
Google Scholar
Trathan, P. N. et al. Oceanographic variability and changes in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) abundance at South Georgia. Fish. Oceanogr. 12, 569–583. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00268.x (2003).
Google Scholar
Venables, H. J. & Meredith, M. P. Theory and observations of Ekman flux in the chlorophyll distribution downstream of South Georgia. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041371 (2009).
Google Scholar
Krafft, B. A. et al. Distribution and demography of Antarctic krill in the Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 2008. Polar Biol. 33, 957–968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0774-3 (2010).
Google Scholar
Murphy, E. J. et al. Spatial and temporal operation of the Scotia Sea ecosystem: A review of large-scale links in a krill centred food web. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 362, 113–48. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1957 (2007).
Google Scholar
Thorpe, S. E., Murphy, E. J. & Watkins, J. L. Circumpolar connections between Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) populations: Investigating the roles of ocean and sea ice transport. Deep Sea Res. Part I 54, 792–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.01.008 (2007).
Google Scholar
Mori, M. et al. Modelling dispersal of juvenile krill released from the Antarctic ice edge: Ecosystem implications of ocean movement. J. Mar. Syst. 189, 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.09.005 (2019).
Google Scholar
Kohlbach, D. et al. Ice algae-produced carbon is critical for overwintering of antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 (2017).
Google Scholar
Meyer, B. et al. The winter pack-ice zone provides a sheltered but food-poor habitat for larval Antarctic krill. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 1853–1861. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0368-3 (2017).
Google Scholar
Meyer, B. et al. Physiology, growth, and development of larval krill Euphausia superba in autumn and winter in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 1595–1614. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.5.1595 (2009).
Google Scholar
Lancelot, C. et al. Spatial distribution of the iron supply to phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean: A model study. Biogeosciences 6, 2861–2878. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2861-2009 (2009).
Google Scholar
Brierley, A. S. et al. Antarctic krill under Sea Ice: Elevated abundance in a narrow band just south of Ice Edge. Science 295, 1890–1892. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068574 (2002).
Google Scholar
Schmidt, K., Atkinson, A., Venables, H. J. & Pond, D. W. Early spawning of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea is fuelled by “superfluous” feeding on non-ice associated phytoplankton blooms. Deep Sea Res. Part II 59–60, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.002 (2012).
Google Scholar
Walsh, J., Reiss, C. S. & Watters, G. M. Flexibility in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba decouples diet and recruitment from overwinter sea-ice conditions in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 642, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13325 (2020).
Google Scholar
Saba, G. K. et al. Winter and spring controls on the summer food web of the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula. Nat. Commun. 5, 4318. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5318 (2014).
Google Scholar
Friedlaender, A. S. et al. Whale distribution in relation to prey abundance and oceanographic processes in shelf waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 317, 297–310. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps317297 (2006).
Google Scholar
Murase, H., Matsuoka, K., Ichii, T. & Nishiwaki, S. Relationship between the distribution of euphausiids and baleen whales in the Antarctic (35° E–145° W). Polar Biol 25, 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000100321 (2002).
Google Scholar
Reisinger, R. R. et al. Combining regional habitat selection models for large-scale prediction: Circumpolar habitat selection of Southern Ocean humpback whales. Remote Sens. 13, 2074. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112074 (2021).
Google Scholar
Thiele, D. et al. Seasonal variability in whale encounters in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. Part II 51, 2311–2325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.007 (2004).
Google Scholar
Whitehouse, M. J. et al. Rapid warming of the ocean around South Georgia, Southern Ocean, during the 20th century: Forcings, characteristics and implications for lower trophic levels. Deep Sea Res. Part I 55, 1218–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.06.002 (2008).
Google Scholar
Dawson, H. R. S., Strutton, P. G. & Gaube, P. The unusual surface chlorophyll signatures of southern Ocean Eddies. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 123, 6053–6069. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013628 (2018).
Google Scholar
Kahru, M., Mitchell, B. G., Gille, S. T., Hewes, C. D. & Holm-Hansen, O. Eddies enhance biological production in the weddell-scotia confluence of the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030430 (2007).
Google Scholar
Fach, B. A., Hofmann, E. E. & Murphy, E. J. Modeling studies of antarctic krill Euphausia superba survival during transport across the Scotia Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 231, 187–203. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps231187 (2002).
Google Scholar
Ichii, T., Katayama, K., Obitsu, N., Ishii, H. & Naganobu, M. Occurrence of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) concentrations in the vicinity of the South Shetland Islands: Relationship to environmental parameters. Deep Sea Res. Part I 45, 1235–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00011-9 (1998).
Google Scholar
Witek, Z., Kalinowski, J. & Grelowski, A. Formation of Antarctic Krill Concentrations in Relation to Hydrodynamic Processes and Social Behaviour. In Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability (ed. Sahrhage, D.) 237–44 (Springer, 1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73724-4_21.
Google Scholar
Bost, C. A. et al. The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans. J. Mar. Syst. 78, 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.022 (2009).
Google Scholar
Carranza, M. M. & Gille, S. T. Southern Ocean wind-driven entrainment enhances satellite chlorophyll-a through the summer. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 120, 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010203 (2015).
Google Scholar
Luis, A. J. & Pandey, P. C. Seasonal variability of QSCAT-derived wind stress over the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019355 (2004).
Google Scholar
Fiechter, J. & Moore, A. M. Interannual spring bloom variability and Ekman pumping in the coastal Gulf of Alaska. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005140 (2009).
Google Scholar
Cimino, M. A. et al. Essential krill species habitat resolved by seasonal upwelling and ocean circulation models within the large marine ecosystem of the California Current System. Ecography 43, 1536–1549. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05204 (2020).
Google Scholar
Meehl, G. A. et al. Sustained ocean changes contributed to sudden Antarctic sea ice retreat in late 2016. Nat. Commun. 10, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07865-9 (2019).
Google Scholar
Parkinson, C. L. A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic. PNAS 116, 14414–14423. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 (2019).
Google Scholar
Siegel, V. Krill stocks in high latitudes of the Antarctic Lazarev Sea: seasonal and interannual variation in distribution, abundance and demography. Polar Biol. 35, 1151–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1162-y (2012).
Google Scholar
Francis, D., Eayrs, C., Cuesta, J. & Holland, D. Polar cyclones at the origin of the reoccurrence of the maud rise polynya in austral winter 2017. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 124, 5251–5267. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030618 (2019).
Google Scholar
Jena, B., Ravichandran, M. & Turner, J. Recent reoccurrence of large open-ocean polynya on the maud rise seamount. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 4320–4329. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081482 (2019).
Google Scholar
Brandt, A. et al. Maud rise–a snapshot through the water column. Deep Sea Res. Part II 58, 1962–1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.01.008 (2011).
Google Scholar
Plötz, J., Weidel, H. & Bersch, M. Winter aggregations of marine mammals and birds in the north-eastern Weddell Sea pack ice. Polar Biol 11, 305–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00239022 (1991).
Google Scholar
Hazen, E. L. et al. Predicted habitat shifts of Pacific top predators in a changing climate. Nat. Clim. Change 3, 234–238. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1686 (2013).
Google Scholar
Moore, S. E. & Huntington, H. P. Arctic marine mammals and climate change: Impacts and resilience. Ecol. Appl. 18, S157–S165. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0571.1 (2008).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
