Coyne, J. A. & Orr, H. A. Speciation (Sinauer Associates, 2004).
Gröning, J. & Hochkirch, A. Reproductive interference between animal species. Q. Rev. Biol. 83, 257–282 (2008).
Google Scholar
Grether, G. F., Peiman, K. S., Tobias, J. A. & Robinson, B. W. Causes and consequences of behavioral interference between species. Trends Ecol. Evol. 32, 760–772 (2017).
Google Scholar
Hettyey, A. & Pearman, P. B. Social environment and reproductive interference affect reproductive success in the frog Rana latastei. Behav. Ecol. 14, 294–300 (2003).
Kyogoku, D. & Sota, T. A generalized population dynamics model for reproductive interference with absolute density dependence. Sci. Rep. 7, 257–258 (2017).
Anderson, C. N. & Grether, G. F. Multiple routes to reduced interspecific territorial fighting in Hetaerina damselflies. Behav. Ecol. 22, 527–534 (2011).
Hochkirch, A., Gröning, J. & Bücker, A. Sympatry with the devil: Reproductive interference could hamper species coexistence. J. Anim. Ecol. 76, 633–642 (2007).
Google Scholar
Pfennig, K. S. & Pfennig, D. W. Character displacement: Ecological and reproductive responses to a common evolutionary problem. Q. Rev. Biol. 84, 253–276 (2009).
Google Scholar
Garrison, R. A synopsis of the genus Hetaerina with description of four new species (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 116, 175–259 (1990).
Grether, G. F., Drury, J. P., Berlin, E. & Anderson, C. N. The role of wing coloration in sex recognition and competitor recognition in rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.). Ethology 121, 674–685 (2015).
Drury, J. P. et al. A general explanation for the persistence of reproductive interference. Am. Nat. 194, 268–275 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cabezas Castillo, M. B. & Grether, G. F. Why are female color polymorphisms rare in territorial damselflies?. Ethology 124, 667–673 (2018).
Drury, J. P. & Grether, G. F. Interspecific aggression, not interspecific mating, drives character displacement in the wing coloration of male rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina). Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 281, 20141737 (2014).
Google Scholar
Grether, G. F. Intersexual competition alone favors a sexually dimorphic ornament in the rubyspot damselfly Hetaerina americana. Evolution (N. Y.) 50, 1949 (1996).
McEachin, S., Drury, J. P., Anderson, C. N. & Grether, G. F. Mechanisms of reduced interspecific interference between territorial species. Behav. Ecol. 33, 126–136 (2022).
Vega-Sánchez, Y. M., Mendoza-Cuenca, L. F. & González-Rodríguez, A. Complex evolutionary history of the American Rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana (Odonata): Evidence of cryptic speciation. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 139, 106536 (2019).
Google Scholar
Vega-Sánchez, Y. M., Mendoza-Cuenca, L. F. & González-Rodríguez, A. Hetaerina calverti (Odonata: Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) sp. Nov., a new cryptic species of the American Rubyspot complex. Zootaxa 4766, 485–497 (2020).
Paulson, D. R. Reproductive isolation in damselflies. Syst. Zool. 23, 40–49 (1974).
Sánchez-Guillén, R. A., Córdoba-Aguilar, A., Cordero-Rivera, A. & Wellenreuther, M. Rapid evolution of prezygotic barriers in non-territorial damselflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 113, 485–496 (2014).
Svensson, E. I. & Waller, J. T. Ecology and sexual selection: Evolution of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies in relation to latitude, sexual dimorphism, and speciation. Am. Nat. 182, E174–E195 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sánchez-Herrera, M., Beatty, C. D., Nunes, R., Salazar, C. & Ware, J. L. An exploration of the complex biogeographical history of the neotropical banner-wing damselflies (Odonata: Polythoridae). BMC Evol. Biol. 20, 74 (2020).
Google Scholar
Battin, T. J. The odonate mating system, communication, and sexual selection: A review. Boll. Zool. 60, 353–360 (1993).
Drury, J. P., Okamoto, K. W., Anderson, C. N. & Grether, G. F. Reproductive interference explains persistence of aggression between species. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, 20142256 (2015).
Svensson, E. I., Karlsson, K., Friberg, M. & Eroukhmanoff, F. Gender differences in species recognition and the evolution of asymmetric sexual isolation. Curr. Biol. 17, 1943–1947 (2007).
Google Scholar
McPeek, M. A., Symes, L. B., Zong, D. M. & McPeek, C. L. Species recognition and patterns of population variation in the reproductive structures of a damselfly genus. Evolution (N. Y.) 65, 419–428 (2011).
Nagel, L. & Schluter, D. Body size, natural selection, and speciation in sticklebacks. Evolution (N. Y.) 52, 209–218 (1998).
Baube, C. L. Body size and the maintenance of reproductive isolation in stickleback, genus Gasterosteus. Ethology 114, 1122–1134 (2008).
Head, M. L., Kozak, G. M. & Boughman, J. W. Female mate preferences for male body size and shape promote sexual isolation in threespine sticklebacks. Ecol. Evol. 3, 2183–2196 (2013).
Google Scholar
Serrano-Meneses, M. A., López-García, K. & Carrillo-Muñoz, A. I. Assortative mating by size in the American rubyspot damselfly (Hetaerina americana). J. Insect Behav. 31, 585–598 (2018).
Kopp, M. et al. Mechanisms of assortative mating in speciation with gene flow: Connecting theory and empirical research. Am. Nat. 191, 1–20 (2018).
Google Scholar
Class, B. & Dingemanse, N. J. A variance partitioning perspective of assortative mating: Proximate mechanisms and evolutionary implications. J. Evol. Biol. 35, 483–490 (2022).
Google Scholar
Corbet, P. S. A Biology of Dragonflies 247 (Witherby, 1962).
Grether, G. F. Sexual selection and survival selection on wing coloration and body size in the Rubyspot damselfly Hetaerina americana. Evolution (N. Y.) 50, 1939 (1996).
Raihani, G., Serrano-Meneses, M. A. & Córdoba-Aguilar, A. Male mating tactics in the American rubyspot damselfly: Territoriality, nonterritoriality and switching behaviour. Anim. Behav. 75, 1851–1860 (2008).
Serrano-Meneses, M. A., Córdoba-Aguilar, A., Méndez, V., Layen, S. J. & Székely, T. Sexual size dimorphism in the American rubyspot: Male body size predicts male competition and mating success. Anim. Behav. 73, 987–997 (2007).
Contreras-Garduño, J., Buzatto, B. A., Abundis, L., Nájera-Cordero, K. & Córdoba-Aguilar, A. Wing colour properties do not reflect male condition in the American rubyspot (Hetaerina americana). Ethology 113, 944–952 (2007).
Serrano-Meneses, M. A., Córdoba-Aguilar, A., Azpilicueta-Amorín, M., González-Soriano, E. & Székely, T. Sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and Rensch’s rule in Odonata. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 1259–1273 (2008).
Google Scholar
Betts, C. R. & Wootton, R. J. Wing shape and flight behaviour in butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): A preliminary analysis. J. Exp. Biol. 138, 271–288 (1988).
Outomuro, D. & Johansson, F. The effects of latitude, body size, and sexual selection on wing shape in a damselfly. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 102, 263–274 (2011).
Outomuro, D., Adams, D. C. & Johansson, F. The evolution of wing shape in ornamented-winged damselflies (Calopterygidae, Odonata). Evol. Biol. 40, 300–309 (2013).
Córdoba-Aguilar, Raihani, Serrano-Meneses, & Contreras-Garduño,. The lek mating system of Hetaerina damselflies (Insecta: Calopterygidae). Behaviour 146, 189–207 (2009).
Córdoba-Aguilar, A. Adult survival and movement in males of the damselfly Hetaerina cruentata (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Florida Entomol. 77, 256 (1994).
Peakall, R. & Smouse, P. E. GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research—An update. Bioinformatics 28, 2537–2539 (2012).
Google Scholar
Chapuis, M.-P. & Estoup, A. Microsatellite null alleles and estimation of population differentiation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 621–631 (2007).
Google Scholar
Excoffier, L. & Lischer, H. E. L. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 10, 564–567 (2010).
Google Scholar
Evanno, G., Regnaut, S. & Goudet, J. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: A simulation study. Mol. Ecol. 14, 2611–2620 (2005).
Google Scholar
Troscianko, J. & Stevens, M. Image calibration and analysis toolbox—A free software suite for objectively measuring reflectance, colour and pattern. Methods Ecol. Evol. 6, 1320–1331 (2015).
Google Scholar
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 (2015).
Google Scholar
Adams, D. C. & Otárola-Castillo, E. Geomorph: An R package for the collection and analysis of geometric morphometric shape data. Methods Ecol. Evol. 4, 393–399 (2013).
Viscosi, V. & Cardini, A. Correction: Leaf morphology, taxonomy and geometric morphometrics: A simplified protocol for beginners. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/annotation/bc347abe-8d03-4553-8754-83f41a9d51ae (2012).
Google Scholar
Maia, R., Gruson, H., Endler, J. A. & White, T. E. PAVO 2: New tools for the spectral and spatial analysis of colour in R. Methods Ecol. Evol. 10, 1097–1107 (2019).
Vorobyev, M. & Osorio, D. Receptor noise as a determinant of colour thresholds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 265, 351–358 (1998).
Google Scholar
Outomuro, D., Söderquist, L., Johansson, F., Ödeen, A. & Nordström, K. The price of looking sexy: Visual ecology of a three-level predator–prey system. Funct. Ecol. 31, 707–718 (2017).
Laughlin, S. B. The sensitivities of dragonfly photoreceptors and the voltage gain of transduction. J. Comp. Physiol. A 111, 221–247 (1976).
Endler, J. A. The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecol. Monogr. 63, 1–27 (1993).
Vorobyev, M., Brandt, R., Peitsch, D., Laughlin, S. B. & Menzel, R. Colour thresholds and receptor noise: Behaviour and physiology compared. Vision Res. 41, 639–653 (2001).
Google Scholar
Renoult, J. P., Kelber, A. & Schaefer, H. M. Colour spaces in ecology and evolutionary biology. Biol. Rev. 92, 292–315 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L., Sheets, H. D. & Fink, W. L. Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer Vol. 95, 443 (Elsevier Academic Press, 2004).
Google Scholar
Rohlf, F. J. TpsDig, Digitize Landmarks and Outlines v. 2.0 (Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2004).
Source: Ecology - nature.com