Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 1–1148 (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, 2019).
United Nations (UN). The Sustainable Development Goals report 2021, 1–68 (United Nations, United States, 2021).
Whitmee, S. et al. Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: Report of the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health. The Lancet 386, 1973–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60901-1 (2015).
Google Scholar
Convention on Biological Diversity. First draft of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework 1–12 (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2021).
United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 1–35 (United Nations General Assembly, 2015).
Clark, M., Hill, J. & Tilman, D. The diet, health, and environment trilemma. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 43, 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025957 (2018).
Google Scholar
Lu, N., Liu, L., Yu, D. & Fu, B. Navigating trade-offs in the social-ecological systems. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 48, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.10.014 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ellis, E. C., Pascual, U. & Mertz, O. Ecosystem services and nature’s contribution to people: Negotiating diverse values and trade-offs in land systems. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 38, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.05.001 (2019).
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice: Summary report 1–70 (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004).
Patel, V. et al. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet 392, 1553–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31612-x (2018).
Google Scholar
Prince, M. et al. No health without mental health. The Lancet 370, 859–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61238-0 (2007).
Google Scholar
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (GBD). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392, 1789–1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7 (2018).
Vigo, D., Kestel, D., Pendakur, K., Thornicroft, G. & Atun, R. Disease burden and government spending on mental, neurological, and substance use disorders, and self-harm: Cross-sectional, ecological study of health system response in the Americas. Lancet Public Health 4, e89–e96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30203-2 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pienkowski, T. et al. The role of nature conservation and commercial farming in psychological distress among rural Ugandans. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.08.446718 (2021).
Google Scholar
Cunsolo, W. A. et al. Climate change and mental health: An exploratory case study from Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada. Climatic Change 121, 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0875-4 (2013).
Google Scholar
Cunsolo, A. et al. “You can never replace the caribou”: Inuit experiences of ecological grief from caribou declines. Am. Imago 77, 31–59. https://doi.org/10.1353/aim.2020.0002 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ellis, N. R. & Albrecht, G. A. Climate change threats to family farmers’ sense of place and mental wellbeing: A case study from the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Soc. Sci. Med. 175, 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.009 (2017).
Google Scholar
Scyphers, S. B., Picou, J. S. & Grabowski, J. H. Chronic social disruption following a systemic fishery failure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 22912. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913914116 (2019).
Google Scholar
Lund, C. et al. Social determinants of mental disorders and the sustainable development goals: A systematic review of reviews. Lancet Psychiatry 5, 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30060-9 (2018).
Google Scholar
Nilsson, M., Griggs, D. & Visbeck, M. Policy: Map the interactions between sustainable development goals. Nature 534, 320–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/534320a (2016).
Google Scholar
Ridley, M., Rao, G., Schilbach, F. & Patel, V. Poverty, depression, and anxiety: Causal evidence and mechanisms. Science 370, eaay0214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay0214 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kinyanda, E. et al. Poverty, life events and the risk for depression in Uganda. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 46, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0164-8 (2011).
Google Scholar
Kinyanda, E., Waswa, L., Baisley, K. & Maher, D. Prevalence of severe mental distress and its correlates in a population-based study in rural south-west Uganda. BMC Psychiatry 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-97 (2011).
Google Scholar
United Nations (UN). The convention on biological diversity 1–30 (United Nations, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992).
Díaz, S. et al. The IPBES Conceptual Framework—Connecting nature and people. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 14, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rasolofoson, R. A., Hanauer, M. M., Pappinen, A., Fisher, B. & Ricketts, T. H. Impacts of forests on children’s diet in rural areas across 27 developing countries. Sci. Adv. 4, eaat2853. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2853 (2018).
Google Scholar
Ickowitz, A., Powell, B., Salim, M. A. & Sunderland, T. C. H. Dietary quality and tree cover in Africa. Glob. Environ. Chang. 24, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.12.001 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ribot, J. C. & Peluso, N. L. A theory of access. Rural. Sociol. 68, 153–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x (2003).
Google Scholar
Hicks, C. C. & Cinner, J. E. Social, institutional, and knowledge mechanisms mediate diverse ecosystem service benefits from coral reefs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 17791. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413473111 (2014).
Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. Environment and access to resources in Africa. Africa 59, 18–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/1160761 (1989).
Google Scholar
Berbés-Blázquez, M., González, J. A. & Pascual, U. Towards an ecosystem services approach that addresses social power relations. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 19, 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2016.02.003 (2016).
Google Scholar
Thoms, C. A. Community control of resources and the challenge of improving local livelihoods: A critical examination of community forestry in Nepal. Geoforum 39, 1452–1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.01.006 (2008).
Google Scholar
Peluso, N. L. & Lund, C. New frontiers of land control: Introduction. J. Peasant Stud. 38, 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.607692 (2011).
Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104, 15181–15187. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702288104 (2007).
Google Scholar
United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) & International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). https://www.protectedplanet.net/ (2020).
Pullin, A. S. et al. Human well-being impacts of terrestrial protected areas. Environ. Evid. 2, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2382-2-19 (2013).
Google Scholar
Schleicher, J. et al. Protecting half of the planet could directly affect over one billion people. Nat. Sustain. 2, 1094–1096. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0423-y (2019).
Google Scholar
ICCA Consortium. Territories of Life: 2021 report. 1–153 (ICCA Consortium, 2021).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (2021).
Vabi Vamuloh, V., Panwar, R., Hagerman, S. M., Gaston, C. & Kozak, R. A. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the global food sector: A systematic literature review to examine small farmers engagement in contract farming. Bus. Strategy Dev. 2, 276–289 (2019).
Google Scholar
Meemken, E.-M. & Bellemare, M. F. Smallholder farmers and contract farming in developing countries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 259. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909501116 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bellemare, M. F. & Bloem, J. R. Does contract farming improve welfare? A review. World Dev. 112, 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.018 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hall, R., Scoones, I. & Tsikata, D. Plantations, outgrowers and commercial farming in Africa: Agricultural commercialisation and implications for agrarian change. J. Peasant Stud. 44, 515–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1263187 (2017).
Google Scholar
Travers, H., Clements, T. & Milner-Gulland, E. J. Predicting responses to conservation interventions through scenarios: A Cambodian case study. Biol. Cons. 204, 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.040 (2016).
Google Scholar
Booth, H. et al. Designing locally-appropriate conservation incentives for small-scale fishers. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/bxzfs (2021).
Martiniello, G. Bitter sugarification: Sugar frontier and contract farming in Uganda. Globalizations 18, 355–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2020.1794564 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kyongera, D. Mapping private sector investments and their impacts on great ape habitats in Uganda’s Albertine Rift region 1–50 (International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, United Kingdom, 2015).
Hansen, M. C. et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342, 850–853. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244693 (2013).
Google Scholar
Paterson, J. D. The ecology and history of Uganda’s Budongo forest. For. Conserv. History 35, 179–187 (1991).
Google Scholar
Babweteera, F. et al. in Conservation and Development in Uganda (eds Sandbrook, C., Cavanagh, C. J. & Tumusiime, D. M.) 104–122 (Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018).
National Planning Authority of Uganda. Third national development plan (NDP III) 2020/21–2024/25. 1–341 (Gobernment of Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda, 2020).
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L. & Williams, J. B. W. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 16, 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x (2001).
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). 5th edn, 1–947 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Wagner, G. J. et al. The role of depression in work-related outcomes of HIV treatment in Uganda. Int. J. Behav. Med. 21, 946–955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-013-9379-x (2014).
Google Scholar
Kinyanda, E. et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of integrating the management of depression into routine HIV Care in Uganda (the HIV + D trial): A protocol for a cluster-randomised trial. Int. J. Ment. Heal. Syst. 15, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00469-9 (2021).
Google Scholar
Wu, Y. et al. Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychol. Med. 50, 1368–1380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719001314 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kroenke, K. et al. The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population. J. Affect. Disord. 114, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026 (2009).
Google Scholar
Kaiser, B. N. et al. Thinking too much: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress. Soc. Sci. Med. 147, 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.044 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ballard, T., Kepple, A. & Cafiero, C. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a global standard for monitoring hunger worldwide (Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 2013).
Jones, A. D., Ngure, F. M., Pelto, G. & Young, S. L. What are we assessing when we measure food security? A compendium and review of current metrics. Adv. Nutr. 4, 481–505. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.004119 (2013).
Google Scholar
Travers, H. et al. Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions. Conserv. Biol. 33, 1296–1306. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13330 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S. & Berkoff, K. A. Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J. Pers. Assess. 55, 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095 (1990).
Google Scholar
Bowling, A. Just one question: If one question works, why ask several?. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 59, 342–345. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.021204 (2005).
Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (ONS). General Household Survey 2007: Household and individual questionnaires 1–140 (Office for National Statistics, Titchfield, United Kingdom, 2007).
Coates, J. Build it back better: Deconstructing food security for improved measurement and action. Glob. Food Sec. 2, 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2013.05.002 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sseguya, H., Mazur, R. E. & Flora, C. B. Social capital dimensions in household food security interventions: Implications for rural Uganda. Agric. Hum. Values 35, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-017-9805-9 (2017).
Google Scholar
Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M. K. & Petesch, P. Voices of the poor: Crying out for change 1–332 (The World Bank, New York, United States, 2000).
Harttgen, K. & Vollmer, S. Using an asset index to simulate household income. Econ. Lett. 121, 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.08.014 (2013).
Google Scholar
Merkle, E. C., Fitzsimmons, E., Uanhoro, J. & Goodrich, B. Efficient Bayesian structural equation modeling in Stan. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.07733v1 (2020).
Kinyanda, E. et al. Major depressive disorder and suicidality in early HIV infection and its association with risk factors and negative outcomes as seen in semi-urban and rural Uganda. J. Affect. Disord. 212, 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.033 (2017).
Google Scholar
Jones, A. D. Food insecurity and mental health status: A global analysis of 149 countries. Am. J. Prev. Med. 53, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.008 (2017).
Google Scholar
McElreath, R. Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan, 1 edn, 1–505 (Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2016).
Depaoli, S. & Van de Schoot, R. Improving transparency and replication in Bayesian statistics: The WAMBS-Checklist. Psychol. Methods 22, 240–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000065 (2017).
Google Scholar
Naidoo, R. et al. Evaluating the impacts of protected areas on human well-being across the developing world. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3006 (2019).
Google Scholar
Golden, C. D., Fernald, L. C., Brashares, J. S., Rasolofoniaina, B. J. & Kremen, C. Benefits of wildlife consumption to child nutrition in a biodiversity hotspot. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 19653–19656. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112586108 (2011).
Google Scholar
Mohanakumar, S. & Sharma, R. K. Analysis of farmer suicides in Kerala. Econ. Pol. Wkly 41, 1553–1558 (2006).
Bryant, L. & Garnham, B. Beyond discourses of drought: The micro-politics of the wine industry and farmer distress. J. Rural. Stud. 32, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.03.002 (2013).
Google Scholar
Burgman, M. A. et al. Expert status and performance. PLOS ONE 6, e22998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022998 (2011).
Google Scholar
Hemming, V., Burgman, M. A., Hanea, A. M., McBride, M. F. & Wintle, B. C. A practical guide to structured expert elicitation using the IDEA protocol. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12857 (2018).
Google Scholar
Bennett, N. J. et al. Conservation social science: Understanding and integrating human dimensions to improve conservation. Biol. Cons. 205, 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.006 (2017).
Google Scholar
Montana, J., Elliott, L., Ryan, M. & Wyborn, C. The need for improved reflexivity in conservation science. Environ. Conserv. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000326 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kleinman, A. Global mental health: A failure of humanity. The Lancet 374, 603–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61510-5 (2009).
Google Scholar
Collins, P. Y. et al. Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature 475, 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/475027a (2011).
Google Scholar
Travers, H. et al. A manifesto for predictive conservation. Biol. Cons. 237, 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.059 (2019).
Google Scholar
Buckley, R. et al. Economic value of protected areas via visitor mental health. Nat. Commun. 10, 5005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12631-6 (2019).
Google Scholar
Saxena, S., Thornicroft, G., Knapp, M. & Whiteford, H. Resources for mental health: Scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency. The Lancet 370, 878–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61239-2 (2007).
Google Scholar
Fedele, G., Donatti, C. I., Bornacelly, I. & Hole, D. G. Nature-dependent people: mapping human direct use of nature for basic needs across the tropics. Global Environ. Change https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102368 (2021).
Google Scholar
Turyahabwe, N., Agea, J. G., Tweheyo, M. & Tumwebaze, S. B. In Sustainable Forest Management: Case Studies (ed J. J. Diez) Ch. 3, 51–74 (InTech, 2012).
Garnett, S. T. et al. A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation. Nat. Sustain. 1, 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6 (2018).
Google Scholar
Dawson, N. M. et al. The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities in effective and equitable conservation. Ecol. Soc. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12625-260319 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries. Agriculture sector strategic plan 2015/16–2019/20. 1–199 (Government of Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda, 2016).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
