Pogoreutz C, Voolstra CR, Rädecker N, Weis V, Cardenas A, Raina J-B. The coral holobiont highlights the dependence of cnidarian animal hosts on their associated microbes. In Bosch TCG, Hadfield MG, editors. Cellular Dialogues in the Holobiont. CRC Press; 2020. pp. 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429277375-7
Rohwer F, Seguritan V, Azam F, Knowlton N. Diversity and distribution of coral-associated bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2002;243:1–10.
LaJeunesse TC, Parkinson JE, Gabrielson PW, Jeong HJ, Reimer JD, Voolstra CR, et al. Systematic revision of Symbiodiniaceae highlights the antiquity and diversity of coral endosymbionts. Curr Biol. 2018;28:2570–80.e6
Google Scholar
Muscatine L, Porter JW. Reef corals: mutualistic symbioses adapted to nutrient-poor environments. Bioscience 1977;27:454–60.
Christian R, Voolstra DJ, Suggett RS, Peixoto JE, Parkinson KM, Quigley CB, et al. Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 2021;2:747–762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00214-3
Google Scholar
Bourne DG, Morrow KM, Webster NS. Insights into the coral microbiome: underpinning the health and resilience of reef ecosystems. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2016;70:317–40.
Google Scholar
Rädecker N, Pogoreutz C, Voolstra CR, Wiedenmann J, Wild C. Nitrogen cycling in corals: the key to understanding holobiont functioning? Trends Microbiol. 2015;23:490–7.
Google Scholar
Matthews JL, Raina JB, Kahlke T, Seymour JR, van Oppen MJ, Suggett DJ. Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria interactions: rethinking metabolite exchange in reef‐building corals as multi‐partner metabolic networks. Environ Microbiol 2020;22:1675–87.
Google Scholar
Kimes NE, Van Nostrand JD, Weil E, Zhou J, Morris PJ. Microbial functional structure of Montastraea faveolata, an important Caribbean reef‐building coral, differs between healthy and yellow‐band diseased colonies. Environ Microbiol. 2010;12:541–56.
Google Scholar
Neave MJ, Apprill A, Ferrier-Pagès C, Voolstra CR. Diversity and function of prevalent symbiotic marine bacteria in the genus Endozoicomonas. Appl Environ Micro. 2016;100:8315–24.
Google Scholar
Neave MJ, Michell CT, Apprill A, Voolstra CR. Endozoicomonas genomes reveal functional adaptation and plasticity in bacterial strains symbiotically associated with diverse marine hosts. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1–12.
Krediet CJ, Ritchie KB, Alagely A, Teplitski M. Members of native coral microbiota inhibit glycosidases and thwart colonization of coral mucus by an opportunistic pathogen. ISME J. 2013;7:980–90.
Google Scholar
Raina J-B, Tapiolas D, Motti CA, Foret S, Seemann T, Tebben J, et al. Isolation of an antimicrobial compound produced by bacteria associated with reef-building corals. PeerJ 2016;4:e2275.
Google Scholar
Diaz JM, Hansel CM, Apprill A, Brighi C, Zhang T, Weber L, et al. Species-specific control of external superoxide levels by the coral holobiont during a natural bleaching event. Nat Commun. 2016;7:1–10.
Dunlap WC, Shick JM. Ultraviolet radiation‐absorbing mycosporine‐like amino acids in coral reef organisms: a biochemical and environmental perspective. J Phycol. 1998;34:418–30.
Webster NS, Smith LD, Heyward AJ, Watts JE, Webb RI, Blackall LL, et al. Metamorphosis of a scleractinian coral in response to microbial biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004;70:1213–21.
Google Scholar
Gómez-Lemos LA, Doropoulos C, Bayraktarov E, Diaz-Pulido G. Coralline algal metabolites induce settlement and mediate the inductive effect of epiphytic microbes on coral larvae. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1–11.
Pernice M, Raina J-B, Rädecker N, Cárdenas A, Pogoreutz C, Voolstra CR. Down to the bone: the role of overlooked endolithic microbiomes in reef coral health. ISME J. 2020;14:325–34.
Google Scholar
Ricci F, Marcelino VR, Blackall LL, Kühl M, Medina M, Verbruggen H. Beneath the surface: community assembly and functions of the coral skeleton microbiome. Microbiome 2019;7:1–10.
Marcelino VR, Verbruggen H. Multi-marker metabarcoding of coral skeletons reveals a rich microbiome and diverse evolutionary origins of endolithic algae. Sci Rep. 2016;6:1–9.
Verbruggen H, Marcelino VR, Guiry MD, Cremen MCM, Jackson CJ. Phylogenetic position of the coral symbiont Ostreobium (Ulvophyceae) inferred from chloroplast genome data. J Phycol. 2017;53:790–803.
Google Scholar
Del Campo J, Pombert J-F, Šlapeta J, Larkum A, Keeling PJ. The ‘other’coral symbiont: Ostreobium diversity and distribution. ISME J 2017;11:296–9.
Google Scholar
Massé A, Domart-Coulon I, Golubic S, Duché D, Tribollet A. Early skeletal colonization of the coral holobiont by the microboring Ulvophyceae Ostreobium sp. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1–11.
Halldal P. Photosynthetic capacities and photosynthetic action spectra of endozoic algae of the massive coral Favia. Biol Bull. 1968;134:411–24.
Google Scholar
Fork D, Larkum A. Light harvesting in the green alga Ostreobium sp., a coral symbiont adapted to extreme shade. Mar Biol. 1989;103:381–5.
Fine M, Steindler L, Loya Y. Endolithic algae photoacclimate to increased irradiance during coral bleaching. Mar Freshw Res. 2004;55:115–21.
Google Scholar
Fine M, Roff G, Ainsworth T, Hoegh-Guldberg O. Phototrophic microendoliths bloom during coral “white syndrome”. Coral Reefs. 2006;25:577–81.
Galindo-Martínez CT, Weber M, Avila-Magaña V, Enríquez S, Kitano H, Medina M, et al. The role of the endolithic alga Ostreobium spp. during coral bleaching recovery. Sci Rep. 2022;12:1–12.
Fine M, Loya Y. Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photoassimilates during coral bleaching. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 2002;269:1205–10.
Schlichter D, Zscharnack B, Krisch H. Transfer of photoassimilates from endolithic algae to coral tissue. Naturwissenschaften 1995;82:561–4.
Google Scholar
Sangsawang L, Casareto BE, Ohba H, Vu HM, Meekaew A, Suzuki T, et al. 13C and 15N assimilation and organic matter translocation by the endolithic community in the massive coral Porites lutea. R Soc Open Sci. 2017;4:171201.
Google Scholar
Marcelino VR, Morrow KM, van Oppen MJ, Bourne DG, Verbruggen H. Diversity and stability of coral endolithic microbial communities at a naturally high pCO2 reef. Mol Ecol. 2017;26:5344–57.
Google Scholar
Marcelino VR, Van Oppen MJ, Verbruggen H. Highly structured prokaryote communities exist within the skeleton of coral colonies. ISME J. 2018;12:300–3.
Google Scholar
Yang S-H, Tandon K, Lu C-Y, Wada N, Shih C-J, Hsiao SS-Y, et al. Metagenomic, phylogenetic, and functional characterization of predominant endolithic green sulfur bacteria in the coral Isopora palifera. Microbiome 2019;7:1–13.
Ferrer L, Szmant A, editors. Nutrient regeneration by the endolithic community in coral skeletons. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium; 1988: AIMS Townsville, Australia.
Eakin CM, Devotta D, Heron S, Connolly S, Liu G, Geiger E, et al. The 2014-17 global coral bleaching event: The most severe and widespread coral reef destruction. Research Square. 2022. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1555992/v1
Google Scholar
Hughes TP, Kerry JT, Álvarez-Noriega M, Álvarez-Romero JG, Anderson KD, Baird AH, et al. Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature 2017;543:373–7.
Google Scholar
Hughes TP, Anderson KD, Connolly SR, Heron SF, Kerry JT, Lough JM, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science 2018;359:80–3.
Google Scholar
Hughes TP, Kerry JT, Baird AH, Connolly SR, Dietzel A, Eakin CM, et al. Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages. Nature 2018;556:492–6.
Google Scholar
Veron J, Stafford-Smith M, Corals of the World, Volumes 1-3. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Odyssey Publishing; 2000.
Brown B, Dunne R, Phongsuwan N, Patchim L, Hawkridge J. The reef coral Goniastrea aspera: a ‘winner’becomes a ‘loser’during a severe bleaching event in Thailand. Coral Reefs. 2014;33:395–401.
Klepac C, Barshis D. Reduced thermal tolerance of massive coral species in a highly variable environment. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 2020;287:20201379.
Google Scholar
Nicolas R, Evensen CR, Voolstra M, Fine G, Perna C, Buitrago-López A, et al. Empirically derived thermal thresholds of four coral species along the Red Sea using a portable and standardized experimental approach. Coral Reefs. 2022;41:239–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02233-y
Google Scholar
Madin JS, Anderson KD, Andreasen MH, Bridge TC, Cairns SD, Connolly SR, et al. The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans. Sci Data. 2016;3:1–22.
Roth F, Karcher DB, Rädecker N, Hohn S, Carvalho S, Thomson T, et al. High rates of carbon and dinitrogen fixation suggest a critical role of benthic pioneer communities in the energy and nutrient dynamics of coral reefs. Funct Ecol. 2020;34:1991–2004.
Harrison PJ, Waters RE, Taylor F. A broad spectrum artificial sea water medium for coastal and open ocean phytoplankton. J Phycol. 1980;16:28–35.
Andersson AF, Lindberg M, Jakobsson H, Bäckhed F, Nyrén P, Engstrand L. Comparative analysis of human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2836.
Google Scholar
Bayer T, Neave MJ, Alsheikh-Hussain A, Aranda M, Yum LK, Mincer T, et al. The microbiome of the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata is dominated by tissue-associated Endozoicomonas bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79:4759–62.
Google Scholar
Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJA, Holmes SP. DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016;13:581–3.
Google Scholar
Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;41:D590–D6.
Google Scholar
Wickham H. ggplot2. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat. 2011;3:180–5.
McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61217.
Google Scholar
Dixon P. The vegan package. J Veg Sci. 2003;14:927–30.
Lin H, Peddada SD. Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction. Nat Commun. 2020;11:1–11.
Google Scholar
Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 2014;30:2114–20.
Google Scholar
Li D, Luo R, Liu C-M, Leung C-M, Ting H-F, Sadakane K, et al. MEGAHIT v1. 0: a fast and scalable metagenome assembler driven by advanced methodologies and community practices. Methods 2016;102:3–11.
Google Scholar
Nurk S, Meleshko D, Korobeynikov A, Pevzner PA. metaSPAdes: a new versatile metagenomic assembler. Genome Res. 2017;27:824–34.
Google Scholar
Peng Y, Leung HC, Yiu S-M, Chin FY. Meta-IDBA: a de Novo assembler for metagenomic data. Bioinformatics 2011;27:i94–i101.
Google Scholar
Gurevich A, Saveliev V, Vyahhi N, Tesler G. QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies. Bioinformatics 2013;29:1072–5.
Google Scholar
Hyatt D, Chen G-L, LoCascio PF, Land ML, Larimer FW, Hauser LJ. Prodigal: prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinform. 2010;11:1–11.
Patro R, Duggal G, Love MI, Irizarry RA, Kingsford C. Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression. Nat Methods. 2017;14:417–9.
Google Scholar
Menzel P, Ng KL, Krogh A. Fast and sensitive taxonomic classification for metagenomics with Kaiju. Nat Commun. 2016;7:1–9.
Aramaki T, Blanc-Mathieu R, Endo H, Ohkubo K, Kanehisa M, Goto S, et al. KofamKOALA: KEGG ortholog assignment based on profile HMM and adaptive score threshold. Bioinformatics 2020;36:2251–2.
Google Scholar
Hill MO. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 1973;54:427–32.
Bates D, Sarkar D, Bates MD, Matrix L. The lme4 package. R Package Version. 2007;2:74.
Mandal S, Van Treuren W, White RA, Eggesbø M, Knight R, Peddada SD. Analysis of composition of microbiomes: a novel method for studying microbial composition. Micro Ecol Health Dis. 2015;26:27663.
Rivera-Pinto J, Egozcue JJ, Pawlowsky-Glahn V, Paredes R, Noguera-Julian M, Calle ML. Balances: a new perspective for microbiome analysis. mSystems. 2018;3:e00053–18.
Google Scholar
Langmead B, Salzberg SL. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods. 2012;9:357.
Google Scholar
Kang DD, Li F, Kirton E, Thomas A, Egan R, An H, et al. MetaBAT 2: an adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies. PeerJ 2019;7:e7359.
Google Scholar
Alneberg J, Bjarnason BS, De Bruijn I, Schirmer M, Quick J, Ijaz UZ, et al. Binning metagenomic contigs by coverage and composition. Nat Methods. 2014;11:1144–6.
Google Scholar
Wu Y-W, Simmons BA, Singer SW. MaxBin 2.0: an automated binning algorithm to recover genomes from multiple metagenomic datasets. Bioinformatics 2016;32:605–7.
Google Scholar
Parks DH, Imelfort M, Skennerton CT, Hugenholtz P, Tyson GW. CheckM: assessing the quality of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. Genome Res. 2015;25:1043–55.
Google Scholar
Uritskiy GV, DiRuggiero J, Taylor J. MetaWRAP—a flexible pipeline for genome-resolved metagenomic data analysis. Microbiome 2018;6:1–13.
Olm MR, Brown CT, Brooks B, Banfield JF. dRep: a tool for fast and accurate genomic comparisons that enables improved genome recovery from metagenomes through de-replication. ISME J. 2017;11:2864–8.
Google Scholar
Chaumeil P-A, Mussig AJ, Hugenholtz P, Parks DH. GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database. Bioinformatics 2020;36:1925–7.
Google Scholar
Parks DH, Chuvochina M, Waite DW, Rinke C, Skarshewski A, Chaumeil P-A, et al. A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36:996–1004.
Google Scholar
Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 2014;30:2068–9.
Google Scholar
Zhou Z, Tran P, Briester AM, Liu Y, Kieft K, Cowley ES, et al. METABOLIC: high-throughput profiling of microbial genomes for functional traits, metabolism, biogeochemistry, and community-scale functional networks. Microbiome. 2022;10:33 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01213-8
Google Scholar
Na S-I, Kim YO, Yoon S-H, Ha S-M, Baek I, Chun J. UBCG: up-to-date bacterial core gene set and pipeline for phylogenomic tree reconstruction. J Microbiol. 2018;56:280–5.
Google Scholar
Morel J, Jay S, Féret J-B, Bakache A, Bendoula R, Carreel F, et al. Exploring the potential of PROCOSINE and close-range hyperspectral imaging to study the effects of fungal diseases on leaf physiology. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1–13.
Google Scholar
Calamita F, Imran HA, Vescovo L, Mekhalfi ML, La, Porta N. Early identification of root rot disease by using hyperspectral reflectance: the case of pathosystem Grapevine/Armillaria. Remote Sens. 2021;13:2436.
Brumfield KD, Huq A, Colwell RR, Olds JL, Leddy MB. Microbial resolution of whole-genome shotgun and 16S amplicon metagenomic sequencing using publicly available NEON data. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0228899.
Google Scholar
Khachatryan L, de Leeuw RH, Kraakman ME, Pappas N, Te Raa M, Mei H, et al. Taxonomic classification and abundance estimation using 16S and WGS—A comparison using controlled reference samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2020;46:102257.
Google Scholar
Cardénas A, Voolstra C. 75 Coral Endolith Bacterial Genomes (MAGs) from Red Sea corals Goniastrea edwardsi and Porites lutea (Version 1) [Data set]. Zenodo. 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606932
Google Scholar
Branson O, Bonnin EA, Perea DE, Spero HJ, Zhu Z, Winters M, et al. Nanometer-scale chemistry of a calcite biomineralization template: Implications for skeletal composition and nucleation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:12934–9.
Google Scholar
Sauvage T, Schmidt WE, Suda S, Fredericq S. A metabarcoding framework for facilitated survey of endolithic phototrophs with tufA. BMC Ecol. 2016;16:1–21.
Wegley L, Edwards R, Rodriguez‐Brito B, Liu H, Rohwer F. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community associated with the coral Porites astreoides. Environ Microbiol. 2007;9:2707–19.
Google Scholar
Robbins S, Song W, Engelberts J, Glasl B, Slaby BM, Boyd J, et al. A genomic view of the microbiome of coral reef demosponges. ISME J 2021;15:1641–54.
Google Scholar
Yang S-Y, Lu C-Y, Tang S-L, Das RR, Sakai K, Yamashiro H, et al. Effects of ocean acidification on coral endolithic bacterial communities in Isopora palifera and Porites lobata. Front Mar Sci. 2020;7:603293.
Yang SH, Lee ST, Huang CR, Tseng CH, Chiang PW, Chen CP, et al. Prevalence of potential nitrogen‐fixing, green sulfur bacteria in the skeleton of reef‐building coral Isopora palifera. Limnol Oceanogr. 2016;61:1078–86.
Cai L, Zhou G, Tian R-M, Tong H, Zhang W, Sun J, et al. Metagenomic analysis reveals a green sulfur bacterium as a potential coral symbiont. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1–11.
Kühl M, Holst G, Larkum AW, Ralph PJ. Imaging of oxygen dynamics within the endolithic algal community of the massive coral Porites Lobata. J Phycol. 2008;44:541–50.
Google Scholar
Roberty S, Bailleul B, Berne N, Franck F, Cardol P. PSI Mehler reaction is the main alternative photosynthetic electron pathway in Symbiodinium sp., symbiotic dinoflagellates of cnidarians. N. Phytol. 2014;204:81–91.
Google Scholar
Shigeoka S, Ishikawa T, Tamoi M, Miyagawa Y, Takeda T, Yabuta Y, et al. Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. J Exp Bot. 2002;53:1305–19.
Google Scholar
Roberty S, Fransolet D, Cardol P, Plumier J-C, Franck F. Imbalance between oxygen photoreduction and antioxidant capacities in Symbiodinium cells exposed to combined heat and high light stress. Coral Reefs. 2015;34:1063–73.
Petersen JM, Zielinski FU, Pape T, Seifert R, Moraru C, Amann R, et al. Hydrogen is an energy source for hydrothermal vent symbioses. Nature 2011;476:176–80.
Google Scholar
McCollom T, Amend J. A thermodynamic assessment of energy requirements for biomass synthesis by chemolithoautotrophic micro‐organisms in oxic and anoxic environments. Geobiology 2005;3:135–44.
Google Scholar
Heijnen J, Van Dijken J. In search of a thermodynamic description of biomass yields for the chemotrophic growth of microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1992;39:833–58.
Google Scholar
Bar-Even A, Noor E, Milo R. A survey of carbon fixation pathways through a quantitative lens. J Exp Bot. 2012;63:2325–42.
Google Scholar
Schulze E-D, Mooney HA, Biodiversity and ecosystem function: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
Lawton JH, Brown VK, Redundancy in ecosystems. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Springer; 1994. p. 255–70.
Mori AS, Furukawa T, Sasaki T. Response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. Biol Rev. 2013;88:349–64.
Google Scholar
Nyström M. Redundancy and response diversity of functional groups: implications for the resilience of coral reefs. Ambio 2006;35:30–5.
Google Scholar
Rädecker N, Pogoreutz C, Gegner HM, Cárdenas A, Roth F, Bougoure J, et al. Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2021;118:e2022653118.
Google Scholar
Ziegler M, Grupstra CG, Barreto MM, Eaton M, BaOmar J, Zubier K, et al. Coral bacterial community structure responds to environmental change in a host-specific manner. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1–11.
Google Scholar
Dikou A, Van, Woesik R. Survival under chronic stress from sediment load: spatial patterns of hard coral communities in the southern islands of Singapore. Mar Pollut Bull. 2006;52:1340–54.
Google Scholar
Hennige SJ, Smith DJ, Walsh S-J, McGinley MP, Warner ME, Suggett DJ. Acclimation and adaptation of scleractinian coral communities along environmental gradients within an Indonesian reef system. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2010;391:143–52.
Cárdenas A, Neave MJ, Haroon MF, Pogoreutz C, Rädecker N, Wild C, et al. Excess labile carbon promotes the expression of virulence factors in coral reef bacterioplankton. ISME J. 2018;12:59–76.
Google Scholar
Cárdenas A, Ye J, Ziegler M, Payet JP, McMinds R, Thurber RV, et al. Coral-associated viral assemblages from the Central Red Sea align with host species and contribute to holobiont genetic diversity. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:572534.
Google Scholar
McCook GD-PLJ. The fate of bleached corals: patterns and dynamics of algal recruitment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2002;232:115–28.
Reshef L, Koren O, Loya Y, Zilber‐Rosenberg I, Rosenberg E. The coral probiotic hypothesis. Environ Microbiol. 2006;8:2068–73.
Google Scholar
Voolstra CR, Ziegler M. Adapting with microbial help: microbiome flexibility facilitates rapid responses to environmental change. BioEssays 2020;42:2000004.
Rosenberg E, Zilber-Rosenberg I. The hologenome concept of evolution after 10 years. Microbiome 2018;6:1–14.
Wiedenmann J, D’Angelo C, Smith EG, Hunt AN, Legiret F-E, Postle AD, et al. Nutrient enrichment can increase the susceptibility of reef corals to bleaching. Nat Clim Change. 2013;3:160–4.
Google Scholar
DeCarlo TM, Gajdzik L, Ellis J, Coker DJ, Roberts MB, Hammerman NM, et al. Nutrient-supplying ocean currents modulate coral bleaching susceptibility. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eabc5493.
Google Scholar
Pogoreutz C, Rädecker N, Cardenas A, Gärdes A, Voolstra CR, Wild C. Sugar enrichment provides evidence for a role of nitrogen fixation in coral bleaching. Glob Change Biol 2017;23:3838–48.
Source: Ecology - nature.com
