Nathan, R. et al. A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 19052–19059 (2008).
Google Scholar
Lima, S. L. & Dill, L. M. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68, 619–640 (1990).
Google Scholar
Kays, R., Crofoot, M. C., Jetz, W. & Wikelski, M. Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet. Science 348, 1122–1133. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa2478 (2015).
Google Scholar
Allen, A. M. & Singh, N. J. Linking movement ecology with wildlife management and conservation. Front. Ecol. Evol. 3, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00155 (2016).
Google Scholar
Fraser, K. C. et al. Tracking the conservation promise of movement ecology. Front. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00150 (2018).
Google Scholar
Boutin, S. Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: Patterns, problems, and the future. Can. J. Zool. 68, 203–220 (1990).
Google Scholar
Adams, E. S. Approaches to the study of territory size and shape. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32, 277–303. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114034 (2001).
Google Scholar
Ruffino, L., Salo, P., Koivisto, E., Banks, P. B. & Korpimaki, E. Reproductive responses of birds to experimental food supplementation: A meta-analysis. Front. Ecol. Evol. 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0080-y (2014).
Google Scholar
Taylor, E. N., Malawy, M. A., Browning, D. M., Lemar, S. V. & DeNardo, D. F. Effects of food supplementation on the physiological ecology of female western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). Oecologia 144, 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0056-x (2005).
Google Scholar
Wasko, D. K. & Sasa, M. Food resources influence spatial ecology, habitat selection, and foraging behavior in an ambush-hunting snake (Viperidae: Bothrops asper): An experimental study. Zoology 115, 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2011.10.001 (2012).
Google Scholar
Glaudas, X. & Alexander, G. J. Food supplementation affects the foraging ecology of a low-energy, ambush-foraging snake. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 71, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2239-3 (2017).
Google Scholar
Secor, S. M. & Nagy, K. A. Bioenergetic correlates of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum. Ecology 75, 1600–1614 (1994).
Google Scholar
Christy, M. T., Savidge, J. A., Yackel Adams, A. A., Gragg, J. E. & Rodda, G. H. Experimental landscape reduction of wild rodents increases movements in the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis). Manag. Biol. Invasions 8, 455–467. https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2017.8.4.01 (2017).
Google Scholar
Neilson, E. W., Avgar, T., Burton, A. C., Broadley, K. & Boutin, S. Animal movement affects interpretation of occupancy models from camera-trap surveys of unmarked animals. Ecosphere 9, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2092 (2018).
Google Scholar
Efford, M. G. & Dawson, D. K. Occupancy in continuous habitat. Ecosphere 3, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00308.1 (2012).
Google Scholar
Tang, Z., Huang, Q., Wu, H., Kuang, L. & Fu, S. The behavioral response of prey fish to predators: The role of predator size. PeerJ 5, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3222 (2017).
Google Scholar
Thorsen, M., Shorten, R., Lucking, R. & Lucking, V. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on Fregate Island, Seychelles: The invasion; subsequent eradication attempts and implications for the island’s fauna. Biol. Cons. 96, 133–138 (2000).
Google Scholar
Rodda, G. H. Foraging behavior of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis. Herpetol. J. 2, 110–114 (1992).
Savidge, J. A. Extinction of an island forest avifauna by an introduced snake. Ecology 68, 660–668 (1987).
Google Scholar
Rodda, G. H., McCoid, M. J., Fritts, T. H. & Campbell, E. W. III. Population trends and limiting factors in Boiga irregularis. In Problem Snake Management: The Habu and the Brown Treesnake (eds Rodda, G. H. et al.) 236–256 (Cornell University Press, 1999).
Google Scholar
Yackel Adams, A. A., Lardner, B., Knox, A. J. & Reed, R. N. Inferring the absence of an incipient population during a rapid response for an invasive species. PLoS ONE 13, 1–13 (2018).
Google Scholar
Clark, L., Clark, C. & Siers, S. Brown tree snake methods and approaches for control. In Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States (eds Pitt, W. C. et al.) 107–134 (CRC Press, 2018).
Christy, M. T., Yackel Adams, A. A., Rodda, G. H., Savidge, J. A. & Tyrrell, C. L. Modelling detection probabilities to evaluate management and control tools for an invasive species. J. Appl. Ecol. 47, 106–113 (2010).
Google Scholar
Tyrrell, C. L. et al. Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 128–135 (2009).
Google Scholar
Siers, S. R., Yackel Adams, A. A. & Reed, R. N. Behavioral differences following ingestion of large meals and consequences for management of a harmful invasive snake: A field experiment. Ecol. Evol. 8, 10075–10093 (2018).
Google Scholar
Santana-Bendix, M. A. Movements, Activity Patterns and Habitat Use of Boiga irregularis (Colubridae), an Introduced Predator in the Island of Guam (University of Arizona, 1994).
Tobin, M. E., Sugihara, R. T., Pochop, P. A. & Linnell, M. A. Nightly and seasonal movements of Boiga irregularis on Guam. J. Herpetol. 33, 281–291 (1999).
Google Scholar
Lardner, B., Savidge, J. A., Reed, R. N. & Rodda, G. H. Movements and activity of juvenile brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis). Copeia 2014, 428–436 (2014).
Google Scholar
Siers, S. R., Savidge, J. A. & Reed, R. N. Invasive brown treesnake movements at road edges indicate road-crossing avoidance. J. Herpetol. 48, 500–505 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wiewel, A. S., Yackel Adams, A. A. & Rodda, G. H. Distribution, density, and biomass of introduced small mammals in the southern Marian Islands. Pac. Sci. 63, 205–222 (2009).
Google Scholar
Camp, R. J., Amidon, F. A., Marshall, A. P. & Pratt, T. K. Bird populations on the island of Tinian; Persistence despite wholesale loss of native forests. Pac. Sci. 66, 283–298. https://doi.org/10.2984/66.3.3 (2012).
Google Scholar
Lardner, B., Yackel Adams, A. A., Knox, A. J., Savidge, J. A. & Reed, R. N. Do observer fatigue and taxon bias compromise visual encounter surveys for small vertebrates?. Wildl. Res. 46, 127–135 (2019).
Google Scholar
Mathies, T., Levine, B., Engeman, R. & Savidge, J. A. Pheromonal control of the invasive brown treesnake: Potency of female sexual attractiveness pheromone varies with ovarian state. Int. J. Pest Manag. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2013.784374 (2013).
Google Scholar
Boback, S. M., Nafus, M. G., Yackel Adams, A. A. & Reed, R. N. Use of visual surveys and radiotelemetry reveals sources of detection bias for a cryptic snake at low densities. Ecosphere https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3000 (2020).
Google Scholar
Harper, G. A. & Rutherford, M. Home range and population density of black rats (Rattus rattus) on a seabird island: A case for a marine subsidised effect?. N. Z. J. Ecol. 40, 219–228 (2016).
Hochachka, W. M., Martin, K., Doyle, F. & Krebs, C. J. Monitoring vertebrate populations using observational data. Can. J. Zool. 78, 521–529 (2000).
Google Scholar
Wiewel, A. S., Yackel Adams, A. A. & Rodda, G. H. Evaluating abundance estimate precision and the assumptions of a count-based index for small mammals. J. Wildl. Manag. 73, 761–771. https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-180 (2009).
Google Scholar
Fauteux, D. et al. Evaluation of invasive and non-invasive methods to monitor rodent abundance in the Arctic. Ecosphere 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2124 (2018).
Google Scholar
Siers, S. R. et al. Assessment of brown treesnake activity and bait take following large-scale snake suppression in Guam. (ed APHIS USDA, WS, NWRC) (Final Report QA-2438, Hilo, HI, 2018).
McQueen, D. J., Post, J. R. & Mills, E. L. Trophic relationships in fresh-water pelagic ecosystems. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43, 1571–1581 (1986).
Google Scholar
Sih, A., Crowley, P., McPeek, M., Petranka, J. & Strohmeier, K. Predation, competition, and prey communities: A review of field experiments. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16, 269–311 (1985).
Google Scholar
Dorcas, M. E. et al. Severe mammal declines coincide with proliferation of invasive Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 2418–2422. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115226109 (2012).
Google Scholar
de Miranda, E. B. P. The plight of reptiles as ecological actors in the tropics. Front. Ecol. Evol. 5, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00159 (2017).
Google Scholar
Campbell, E. W. III., Yackel Adams, A. A., Converse, S. J., Fritts, T. H. & Rodda, G. H. Do predators control prey species abundance? An experimental test with brown treesnakes on Guam. Ecology 93, 1194–1203 (2012).
Google Scholar
Lindell, L. E. & Forsman, A. Density effects and snake predation: Prey limitation and reduced growth rate of adders at high density of conspecifics. Can. J. Zool. 74, 1000–1007 (1996).
Google Scholar
Schoener, T. W., Spiller, D. A. & Losos, J. B. Predation on a common Anolis lizard: Can the food-web effects of a devastating predator be reversed?. Ecol. Monogr. 72, 383–407 (2002).
Google Scholar
McCleery, R. A. et al. Marsh rabbit mortalities tie pythons to the precipitous decline of mammals in the Everglades. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 282, 20150120. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0120 (2015).
Google Scholar
Plummer, M. V. & Congdon, J. D. Radiotelemetric study of activity and movements of racers (Coluber constrictor) associated with a Carolina bay in South Carolina. Copeia 1994, 20–26 (1994).
Google Scholar
Madsen, T. & Shine, R. Seasonal migration of predators and prey—A study of pythons, and rats in tropical Australia. Ecology 77, 149–156 (1996).
Google Scholar
Chandler, C. J., Van Helden, B., Close, P. G. & Speldewinde, P. C. 2D or not 2D? Three-dimensional home range analysis better represents space use by an arboreal mammal. Acta Oecol. 105, 103576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2020.103576 (2020).
Google Scholar
Udyawer, V., Simpfendorfer, C. A. & Heupel, M. R. Diel patterns in three-dimensional use of space by sea snakes. Anim. Biotelem. 3, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0063-6 (2015).
Google Scholar
Shine, R. Reproduction in Australian elapid snakes II. Female reproductive cycles. Aust. J. Zool. 25, 655–666 (1977).
Google Scholar
Murcia, C. Edge effects in fragmented forests: Implications for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 58–62 (1995).
Google Scholar
Matlack, G. R. Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States. Biol. Cons. 66, 185–194 (1993).
Google Scholar
Kapos, V. Effects of isolation on the water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon. Trop. Ecol. 5, 173–185 (1989).
Google Scholar
Williams-Linera, G. Vegetation structure and environmental conditions of forest edges in Panama. J. Ecol. 78, 356–373 (1990).
Google Scholar
Matlack, G. R. Vegetation dynamics of the forest edge: Trends in space and successional time. J. Ecol. 82, 113–123 (1994).
Google Scholar
Chen, J., Franklin, J. F. & Spies, T. A. Vegetation responses to edge environments in old-growth douglas-fir forests. Ecol. Appl. 2, 387–396 (1992).
Google Scholar
Gates, J. E. Powerline corridors, edge effects, and wildlife in forested landscapes of the central Appalachians. In Wildlife and Habitats in Managed Landscapes (eds Rodiek, J. E. & Bolen, E. G.) 13–32 (Island Press, 1991).
Kroodsma, R. L. Edge effect on breeding forest birds along a power-line corridor. J. Appl. Ecol. 19, 361–370 (1982).
Google Scholar
Morgan, K. A. & Gates, J. E. Bird population patterns in forest edge and strip vegetation at Remington Farms, Maryland. J. Wildl. Manag. 46, 933–944 (1982).
Google Scholar
Weatherhead, P. J. & Charland, M. B. Habitat selection in an Ontario population of the snake, Elaphe obsoleta. J. Herpetol. 19, 12–19 (1985).
Google Scholar
Durner, G. M. & Gates, J. E. Spatial ecology of black rat snakes on Remington Farms, Maryland. J. Wildl. Manag. 57, 812–826 (1993).
Google Scholar
Mushinsky, H. R. Foraging ecology. In Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (eds Seigel, R. A. et al.) 302–334 (Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987).
Fritts, T. H., Scott, N. J. Jr. & Smith, B. J. Trapping Boiga irregularis on Guam using bird odors. J. Herpetol. 23, 189–192 (1989).
Google Scholar
Shivik, J. A. Brown tree snake response to visual and olfactory cues. J. Wildl. Manag. 62, 105–111 (1998).
Google Scholar
Simkova, O., Frydlova, P., Zampachova, B., Frynta, D. & Landova, E. Development of behavioral profile in the Northern common boa (Boa imperator): Repeatable independent traits or personality?. PLoS ONE 12, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177911 (2017).
Google Scholar
Fritts, T. H., McCoid, M. J. & Gomez, D. M. Dispersal of snakes to extralimital islands: Incidents of the brown treesnake, Boiga irregularis, dispersing to islands in ships and aircraft. In Problem Snake Management: The Habu and the Brown Treesnake (eds Rodda, G. H. et al.) 209–223 (Cornell University Press, 1999).
Yackel Adams, A. A. et al. Can we prove that an undetected species is absent? Evaluating whether brown treesnakes are established on the island of Saipan using surveillance and expert opinion. Manag. Biol. Invas. 12, 901–926 (2021).
Google Scholar
Siers, S. R. & Savidge, J. A. Restoration Plan for the Habitat Management Unit, Naval Support Activity Andersen, Guam 1–238 (Colorado State University, 2017).
Dorr, B. S., Clark, C. S. & Savarie, P. (USDA APHIS WS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 2016).
Reinert, H. K. & Cundall, D. An improved surgical implantation method for radio-tracking snakes. Copeia 1982, 702–705 (1982).
Google Scholar
Shine, R. Strangers in a strange land: Ecology of the Australian colubrid snakes. Copeia 1991, 120–131 (1991).
Google Scholar
Savidge, J. A., Qualls, F. J. & Rodda, G. H. Reproductive biology of the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis (Reptilia: Colubridae), during colonization of Guam and comparison with that in their native range. Pac. Sci. 61, 191–199 (2007).
Google Scholar
Yackel Adams, A. A. & Nafus, M. G. Brown Treesnake visual survey and radiotelemetry data, Guam 2015: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P939BM0W (2020).
Savidge, J. A. Food habits of Boiga irregularis, an introduced predator on Guam. J. Herpetol. 22, 275–282 (1988).
Google Scholar
Reed, R. N. & Boback, S. M. Does body size predict dates of species description among North American and Australian reptiles and amphibians?. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 11, 41–47 (2002).
Google Scholar
Duong, T. ks: Kernel density estimation and kernel discriminant analysis for multivariate data in R. J. Stat. Softw. 21, 1–16 (2007).
Google Scholar
R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2017).
Simpfendorfer, C. A., Olsen, E. M., Heupel, M. R. & Moland, E. Three-dimensional kernel utilization distributions improve estimates of space use in aquatic animals. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 69, 565–572 (2012).
Google Scholar
Gitzen, R. A., Millspaugh, J. J. & Kernohan, B. J. Bandwidth selection for fixed-kernel analysis of animal utilization distributions. J. Wildl. Manag. 70, 1334–1344 (2006).
Google Scholar
Cooper, N. W., Sherry, T. W. & Marra, P. P. Modeling three-dimensional space use and overlap in birds. Auk 131, 681–693 (2014).
Google Scholar
ArcGIS Desktop (Environmental Systems Research, 2017).
Nafus, M. G., Boback, S. M., Klug, P. E., Yackel Adams, A. A. & Reed, R. N. Brown treesnake movement following snake suppression in the Habitat Management Unit on Northern Guam from 2015. U.S Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P95QJ2PE (2022).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
