Stocker, T. F. et al. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds T.F. Stocker et al.) Ch. TS, 33–115 (Cambridge University Press, 2013).
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A. & Kleypas, J. A. Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1, 169–192 (2009).
Google Scholar
Albright, R. et al. Carbon dioxide addition to coral reef waters suppresses net community calcification. Nature 555, 516–519 (2018).
Google Scholar
Chen, C.-T.A. et al. Deep oceans may acidify faster than anticipated due to global warming. Nat. Clim. Chang. 7, 890–894 (2017).
Google Scholar
Guinotte, J. M. et al. Will human-induced changes in seawater chemistry alter the distribution of deep-sea scleractinian corals?. Front. Ecol. Environ. 4, 141–146 (2006).
Google Scholar
Figuerola, B. et al. A review and meta-analysis of potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers from the southern ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 584445 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ries, J. B. Skeletal mineralogy in a high-CO2 world. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 403, 54–64 (2011).
Google Scholar
Blackmon, P. D. & Todd, R. Mineralogy of some foraminifera as related to their classification and ecology. J. Paleontol. 33, 1–15 (1959).
Oliver, W. A. Jr. The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals. Paleobiology 6, 146–160 (1980).
Google Scholar
Sinclair, D. J. et al. Reproducibility of trace element profiles in a specimen of the deep-water bamboo coral Keratoisis sp. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 5101–5121 (2011).
Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-W., Sutton, J. N., Ries, J. B. & Eagle, R. A. Regulation of calcification site pH is a polyphyletic but not always governing response to ocean acidification. Sci. Adv. 6, eaax1314 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cornwall, C. E. et al. Understanding coralline algal responses to ocean acidification: Meta-analysis and synthesis. Glob. Change Biol. 28, 362–374 (2022).
Google Scholar
Al-Horani, F. A., Al-Moghrabi, S. M. & de Beer, D. Microsensor study of photosynthesis and calcification in the scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis: Active internal carbon cycle. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 288, 1–15 (2003).
Google Scholar
Al-Horani, F. A., Al-Moghrabi, S. M. & de Beer, D. The mechanism of calcification and its relation to photosynthesis and respiration in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis. Mar. Biol. 142, 419–426 (2003).
Google Scholar
Le Goff, C. et al. In vivo pH measurement at the site of calcification in an octocoral. Sci. Rep. 7, 11210 (2017).
Google Scholar
McCulloch, M. et al. Resilience of cold-water scleractinian corals to ocean acidification: Boron isotopic systematics of pH and saturation state up-regulation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 87, 21–34 (2012).
Google Scholar
Gilbert, P. U. P. A. et al. Biomineralization: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary history. Sci. Adv. 8, eabl9653 (2022).
Google Scholar
Donald, H. K., Ries, J. B., Stewart, J. A., Fowell, S. E. & Foster, G. L. Boron isotope sensitivity to seawater pH change in a species of Neogoniolithon coralline red alga. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 217, 240–253 (2017).
Google Scholar
Krief, S. et al. Physiological and isotopic responses of scleractinian corals to ocean acidification. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 4988–5001 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hönisch, B. et al. Assessing scleractinian corals as recorders for paleo-pH: Empirical calibration and vital effects. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68, 3675–3685 (2004).
Google Scholar
Anagnostou, E., Williams, B., Westfield, I., Foster, G. L. & Ries, J. B. Calibration of the pH-δ11B and temperature-Mg/Li proxies in the long-lived high-latitude crustose coralline red alga Clathromorphum compactum via controlled laboratory experiments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 254, 142–155 (2019).
Google Scholar
Cornwall, C. E., Comeau, S. & McCulloch, M. T. Coralline algae elevate pH at the site of calcification under ocean acidification. Glob. Change Biol. 23, 4245–4256 (2017).
Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Y., Lear, C. H., Oppo, D. W. & Linsley, B. K. Temperature and carbonate ion effects on Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera: Aragonitic species Hoeglundina elegans. Paleoceanography 21, PA1007 (2006).
Google Scholar
Gori, A. et al. Physiological response of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to thermal stress and ocean acidification. PeerJ 4, e1606 (2016).
Google Scholar
Gagnon, A. C., Gothmann, A. M., Branson, O., Rae, J. W. B. & Stewart, J. A. Controls on boron isotopes in a cold-water coral and the cost of resilience to ocean acidification. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 554, 116662 (2021).
Google Scholar
Cairns, S. D. Global diversity of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae). PLoS ONE 6, e21670 (2011).
Google Scholar
Cairns, S. D. Deep-water corals: An overview with special reference to diversity and distribution of deep-water scleractinian corals. Bull. Mar. Sci. 81, 311–322 (2007).
Samperiz, A. et al. Stylasterid corals: A new paleotemperature archive. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 545, 116407 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cairns, S. D. & Macintyre, I. G. Phylogenetic implications of calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Palaios, 96–107 (1992).
Anagnostou, E., Huang, K. F., You, C. F., Sikes, E. L. & Sherrell, R. M. Evaluation of boron isotope ratio as a pH proxy in the deep sea coral Desmophyllum dianthus: Evidence of physiological pH adjustment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 349–350, 251–260 (2012).
Google Scholar
Rae, J. W. B. et al. CO2 storage and release in the deep Southern Ocean on millennial to centennial timescales. Nature 562, 569–573 (2018).
Google Scholar
Farmer, J. R., Hönisch, B., Robinson, L. F. & Hill, T. M. Effects of seawater-pH and biomineralization on the boron isotopic composition of deep-sea bamboo corals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 155, 86–106 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sutton, J. N. et al. δ11B as monitor of calcification site pH in divergent marine calcifying organisms. Biogeosciences 15, 1447–1467 (2018).
Google Scholar
Heinemann, A. et al. Conditions of Mytilus edulis extracellular body fluids and shell composition in a pH-treatment experiment: Acid-base status, trace elements and δ11B. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 13, 1–17 (2012).
Google Scholar
Rae, J. W. B., Foster, G. L., Schmidt, D. N. & Elliott, T. Boron isotopes and B/Ca in benthic foraminifera: Proxies for the deep ocean carbonate system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 302, 403–413 (2011).
Google Scholar
Auscavitch, S. R. et al. Distribution of deep-water scleractinian and stylasterid corals across abiotic environmental gradients on three seamounts in the Anegada Passage. PeerJ 8, e9523 (2020).
Google Scholar
DeCarlo, T. M., Holcomb, M. & McCulloch, M. T. Reviews and syntheses: Revisiting the boron systematics of aragonite and their application to coral calcification. Biogeosciences 15, 2819–2834 (2018).
Google Scholar
McCulloch, M. T., D’Olivo, J. P., Falter, J., Holcomb, M. & Trotter, J. A. Coral calcification in a changing world and the interactive dynamics of pH and DIC upregulation. Nat. Commun. 8, 15686 (2017).
Google Scholar
Henehan, M. J. et al. Calibration of the boron isotope proxy in the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber for use in palaeo-CO2 reconstruction. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 364, 111–122 (2013).
Google Scholar
Rink, S., Kühl, M., Bijma, J. & Spero, H. Microsensor studies of photosynthesis and respiration in the symbiotic foraminifer Orbulina universa. Mar. Biol. 131, 583–595 (1998).
Google Scholar
Fietzke, J. & Wall, M. Distinct fine-scale variations in calcification control revealed by high-resolution 2D boron laser images in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Sci. Adv. 8, eabj4172 (2022).
Google Scholar
Drake, J. L. et al. How corals made rocks through the ages. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 31–53 (2020).
Google Scholar
Blamart, D. et al. Correlation of boron isotopic composition with ultrastructure in the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa: Implications for biomineralization and paleo-pH. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8, Q12001 (2007).
Google Scholar
Jurikova, H. et al. Boron isotope composition of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa along the Norwegian margin: Zooming into a potential pH-proxy by combining bulk and high-resolution approaches. Chem. Geol. 513, 143–152 (2019).
Google Scholar
NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research & Technology Program. NOAA National Database for Deep-Sea Corals and Sponges (version 20201021-0), https://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov/ (2017).
Dickson, A. G. Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K. Deep Sea Res. Part A Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 37, 755–766 (1990).
Google Scholar
Stewart, J. A., Anagnostou, E. & Foster, G. L. An improved boron isotope pH proxy calibration for the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum dianthus through sub-sampling of fibrous aragonite. Chem. Geol. 447, 148–160 (2016).
Google Scholar
Mavromatis, V., Montouillout, V., Noireaux, J., Gaillardet, J. & Schott, J. Characterization of boron incorporation and speciation in calcite and aragonite from co-precipitation experiments under controlled pH, temperature and precipitation rate. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 150, 299–313 (2015).
Google Scholar
Holcomb, M., DeCarlo, T. M., Gaetani, G. A. & McCulloch, M. Factors affecting B/Ca ratios in synthetic aragonite. Chem. Geol. 437, 67–76 (2016).
Google Scholar
DeCarlo, T. M., Gaetani, G. A., Holcomb, M. & Cohen, A. L. Experimental determination of factors controlling U/Ca of aragonite precipitated from seawater: Implications for interpreting coral skeleton. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 162, 151–165 (2015).
Google Scholar
Reeder, R. J., Nugent, M., Lamble, G. M., Tait, C. D. & Morris, D. E. Uranyl Incorporation into Calcite and Aragonite: XAFS and Luminescence Studies. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 638–644 (2000).
Google Scholar
Anagnostou, E. et al. Seawater nutrient and carbonate ion concentrations recorded as P/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum dianthus. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 2529–2543 (2011).
Google Scholar
Chen, S., Littley, E. F. M., Rae, J. W. B., Charles, C. D. & Adkins, J. F. Uranium distribution and incorporation mechanism in deep-sea corals: Implications for seawater [CO32–] proxies. Front. Earth Sci. 9, 159 (2021).
Google Scholar
Inoue, M., Suwa, R., Suzuki, A., Sakai, K. & Kawahata, H. Effects of seawater pH on growth and skeletal U/Ca ratios of Acropora digitifera coral polyps. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L12809 (2011).
Google Scholar
Gothmann, A. M. & Gagnon, A. C. The primary controls on U/Ca and minor element proxies in a cold-water coral cultured under decoupled carbonate chemistry conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 315, 38–60 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mass, T. et al. Cloning and characterization of four novel coral acid-rich proteins that precipitate carbonates in vitro. Curr. Biol. 23, 1126–1131 (2013).
Google Scholar
Rogers, A. D. Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 79 (ed Sheppard, C.) 137–224 (Academic Press, 2018).
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R. et al. Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming. Nat. Clim. Chang. 1, 308–312 (2011).
Google Scholar
Hoarau, L. et al. Unexplored refugia with high cover of scleractinian Leptoseris spp. and hydrocorals Stylaster flabelliformis at lower mesophotic depths (75–100 m) on lava flows at Reunion Island (Southwestern Indian Ocean). Diversity 13, 141 (2021).
Google Scholar
Lindner, A., Cairns, S. D. & Cunningham, C. W. From offshore to onshore: Multiple origins of shallow-water corals from deep-sea ancestors. PLoS ONE 3, e2429 (2008).
Google Scholar
Stewart, J. A. et al. Refining trace metal temperature proxies in cold-water scleractinian and stylasterid corals. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 545, 116412 (2020).
Google Scholar
Seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry. R package version 3.0.6 .http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb (2015).
Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G. & Keeling, C. D. Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K1 and K2: Validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium. Mar. Chem. 70, 105–119 (2000).
Google Scholar
Lee, K. et al. The universal ratio of boron to chlorinity for the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 1801–1811 (2010).
Google Scholar
Olsen, A. et al. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2)—An internally consistent data product for the world ocean. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8, 297–323 (2016).
Google Scholar
Hemming, N. G. & Hanson, G. N. Boron isotopic composition and concentration in modern marine carbonates. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 537–543 (1992).
Google Scholar
Zeebe, R. E. & Wolf-Gladrow, D. A. CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes Vol. 65 (Elsevier, 2001).
Foster, G. L., Pogge von Strandmann, P. A. E. & Rae, J. W. B. Boron and magnesium isotopic composition of seawater. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 11, Q08015 (2010).
Google Scholar
Klochko, K., Kaufman, A. J., Yao, W., Byrne, R. H. & Tossell, J. A. Experimental measurement of boron isotope fractionation in seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 248, 276–285 (2006).
Google Scholar
Stewart, J. A. et al. NIST RM 8301 boron isotopes in marine carbonate (simulated coral and foraminifera solutions): Inter-laboratory δ11B and trace element ratio value assignment. Geostand. Geoanal. Res. 45, 77–96 (2020).
Google Scholar
Foster, G. L. Seawater pH, pCO2 and [CO32−] variations in the Caribbean Sea over the last 130 kyr: A boron isotope and B/Ca study of planktic foraminifera. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 271, 254–266 (2008).
Google Scholar
Schlitzer, R. Ocean Data View, Version 4.6.5 http://odv.awi.de, (2021).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
