Butt, N. et al. Opportunities for biodiversity conservation as cities adapt to climate change. Geo Geogr. Environ. 5, 52 (2018).
Norton, B. A. et al. Planning for cooler cities: A framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 134, 127–138 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ossola, A. et al. Small vegetated patches greatly reduce urban surface temperature during a summer heatwave in Adelaide, Australia. Landsc. Urban Plan. 209, 104046 (2021).
Google Scholar
Grey, V., Livesley, S. J., Fletcher, T. D. & Szota, C. Tree pits to help mitigate runoff in dense urban areas. J. Hydrol. 565, 400–410 (2018).
Google Scholar
Szota, C. et al. Street tree stormwater control measures can reduce runoff but may not benefit established trees. Landsc. Urban Plan. 182, 144–155 (2019).
Google Scholar
Liu, L. & Jensen, M. B. Green infrastructure for sustainable urban water management: Practices of five forerunner cities. Cities 74, 126–133 (2018).
Google Scholar
Astell-Burt, T. & Feng, X. Association of urban green space with mental health and general health among adults in Australia. JAMA Netw. Open 2, 198209 (2019).
Google Scholar
Astell Burt, T. et al. More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 51, 99–110 (2022).
Google Scholar
Astell-Burt, T., Navakatikyan, M. A. & Feng, X. Urban green space, tree canopy and 11-year risk of dementia in a cohort of 109,688 Australians. Env. Int. 145, 106102 (2020).
Google Scholar
Feng, X. & Astell-Burt, T. Residential green space quantity and quality and child well-being: a longitudinal study. Am. J. Prev. Med. 53, 616–624 (2017).
Google Scholar
Knobel, P. et al. Quality of urban green spaces influences residents’ use of these spaces, physical activity, and overweight/obesity. Environ. Pollut. 271, 116393 (2021).
Google Scholar
Haaland, C. & van den Bosch, C. K. Challenges and strategies for urban green-space planning in cities undergoing densification: A review. Urban For.Urban Green 14, 760–771 (2015).
Google Scholar
Russo, A. & Cirella, G. T. Modern compact cities: How much greenery do we need? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 2180 (2018).
Google Scholar
Garrard, G. E., Williams, N. S. G., Mata, L., Thomas, J. & Bekessy, S. A. Biodiversity sensitive urban design. Conserv. Lett. 11, 1–10 (2018).
Google Scholar
Eaton, T. T. Approach and case-study of green infrastructure screening analysis for urban stormwater control. J. Environ. Manage. 209, 495–504 (2018).
Google Scholar
Maes, M. J. A., Jones, K. E., Toledano, M. B. & Milligan, B. Mapping synergies and trade-offs between urban ecosystems and the sustainable development goals. Environ. Sci. Policy 93, 181–188 (2019).
Google Scholar
Astell-Burt, T., Feng, X., Mavoa, S., Badland, H. M. & Giles-Corti, B. Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia’s most populous cities. BMC Public Health 14, 19–21 (2014).
Google Scholar
Coutts, A. M., Tapper, N. J., Beringer, J., Loughnan, M. & Demuzere, M. Watering our cities: The capacity for Water Sensitive Urban Design to support urban cooling and improve human thermal comfort in the Australian context. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 37, 2–28 (2013).
Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability | Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ (2022).
Davies, C. & Lafortezza, R. Urban green infrastructure in Europe: Is greenspace planning and policy compliant? Land Use Policy 69, 93–101 (2017).
Google Scholar
Faivre, N., Fritz, M., Freitas, T., de Boissezon, B. & Vandewoestijne, S. Nature-based solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges. Environ. Res. 159, 509–518 (2017).
Google Scholar
Meerow, S. & Newell, J. P. Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience in Detroit. Landsc. Urban Plan. 159, 62–75 (2017).
Google Scholar
City of Los Angeles. L.A.’s Green New Deal: Sustainability Plan 2019. https://plan.lamayor.org/ (2019).
City of Paris. Urban forests soon on four emblematic sites. https://www.paris.fr/pages/des-forets-urbaines-bientot-sur-quatre-sites-emblematiques-6899/ (2019).
Brisbane City Council. Brisbane’s urban forest. https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/clean-and-green/natural-environment-and-water/plants-trees-and-gardens/brisbanes-trees/brisbanes-urban-forest (2019).
Cortinovis, C., Olsson, P., Boke-Olén, N. & Hedlund, K. Scaling up nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation: Potential and benefits in three European cities. Urban For. Urban Green. 67, 127450 (2022).
Furchtlehner, J., Lehner, D. & Lička, L. Sustainable streetscapes: design approaches and examples of Viennese practice. Sustainability 14, 961 (2022).
Schmidt, S., Guerrero, P. & Albert, C. Advancing sustainable development goals with localised nature-based solutions: Opportunity spaces in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. J. Environ. Manage. 309, 114696 (2022).
Google Scholar
Gómez Martín, E., Giordano, R., Pagano, A., van der Keur, P. & Máñez Costa, M. Using a system thinking approach to assess the contribution of nature based solutions to sustainable development goals. Sci. Total Environ. 738, 139693 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bush, J. & Doyon, A. Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute? Cities 95, 102483 (2019).
Google Scholar
Brink, E. et al. Cascades of green: A review of ecosystem-based adaptation in urban areas. Glob. Environ. Chang. 36, 111–123 (2016).
Google Scholar
Oke, C. et al. Cities should respond to the biodiversity extinction crisis. npj Urban Sustain. 1, 9–12 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ives, C. D. et al. Cities are hotspots for threatened species. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 25, 117–126 (2016).
Google Scholar
Spotswood, E. N. et al. Nature inequity and higher COVID-19 case rates in less-green neighbourhoods in the United States. Nat. Sustain. 4, 1092–1098 (2021).
Google Scholar
Moglia, M. et al. Accelerating a green recovery of cities: Lessons from a scoping review and a proposal for mission-oriented recovery towards post-pandemic urban resilience. Dev. Built Environ. 7, 100052 (2021).
Google Scholar
OECD. Focus on green recovery. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/themes/green-recovery (2021).
European Commission. A European Green Deal. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en (2021).
UNEP. Smart, Sustainable and Resilient cities: the Power of Nature-based Solutions. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/smart-sustainable-and-resilient-cities-power-nature-based-solutions (2021).
Croeser, T. et al. Diagnosing delivery capabilities on a large international nature-based solutions project. npj Urban Sustain. 1, 32 (2021).
Google Scholar
McPhillips, L. E. & Matsler, A. M. Temporal evolution of green stormwater infrastructure strategies in three us cities. Front. Built. Environ. 4, 1–14 (2018).
Google Scholar
Spahr, K. M., Bell, C. D., McCray, J. E. & Hogue, T. S. Greening up stormwater infrastructure: Measuring vegetation to establish context and promote cobenefits in a diverse set of US cities. Urban For. Urban Green 48, 126548 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hamel, P. & Tan, L. Blue–Green Infrastructure for Flood and Water Quality Management in Southeast Asia: Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Environ. Manage. 69, 699–718 (2021)
City of Melbourne. Elizabeth Street Integrated Water Cycle Management Plan. http://urbanwater.melbourne.vic.gov.au/industry/our-strategies/elizabeth-street-catchment-iwcm-plan/#:~:text =The Elizabeth Street Catchment Integrated,within the municipality of Melbourne. (2015).
Phelan, K., Hurley, J. & Bush, J. Land-use planning’s role in urban forest strategies: recent local government approaches in Australia. Urban Policy Res 37, 215–226 (2019).
Google Scholar
Bradford, J. B. & D’Amato, A. W. Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management. Front. Ecol. Environ. 10, 210–216 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kindler, J. Linking ecological and development objectives: Trade-offs and imperatives. Ecol. Appl. 8, 591–600 (1998).
Google Scholar
UN Habitat. Streets as Public Spaces and Drivers of Urban Prosperity. https://unhabitat.org/streets-as-public-spaces-and-drivers-of-urban-prosperity (2013).
De Gruyter, C., Zahraee, S. M. & Young, W. Street space allocation and use in Melbourne’s activity centres: Working paper. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2021-09/apo-nid314604.pdf (2021).
Shoup, D. C. The trouble with minimum parking requirements. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 33, 549–574 (1999).
Google Scholar
Barter, P. A. A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform. Int. J. Urb. Sci. 5934, 136–156 (2015).
Taylor, E. J. Transport Strategy Refresh Background Paper: Parking. https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/hdp.au.prod.app.com-participate.files/2615/2963/7455/Transport_Strategy_Refresh_-_Background_paper_-_Car_Parking.pdf (2018).
Guo, Z. & Schloeter, L. Street standards as parking policy: rethinking the provision of residential street parking in American Suburbs. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 33, 456–470 (2013).
Google Scholar
Taylor, D. E. Free parking for free people: German road laws and rights as constraints on local car parking management. Transp. Policy 101, 23–33 (2021).
Google Scholar
Pierce, G., Willson, H. & Shoup, D. Optimizing the use of public garages: Pricing parking by demand. Transp. Policy 44, 89–95 (2015).
Google Scholar
Taylor, E. J. Parking policy: The politics and uneven use of residential parking space in Melbourne. Land Use Policy 91, 103706 (2020).
Google Scholar
Thigpen, C. G. & Volker, J. M. B. Repurposing the paving: The case of surplus residential parking in Davis, CA. Cities 70, 111–121 (2017).
Google Scholar
Volker, J. M. B. & Thigpen, C. G. Not enough parking, you say? A study of garage use and parking supply for single-family homes in Sacramento and implications for ADUs. J. Transp. Land Use 15, 183–206 (2022).
Google Scholar
Rosenblum, J., Hudson, A. W. & Ben-Joseph, E. Parking futures: An international review of trends and speculation. Land Use Policy 91, 104054 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gössling, S. Why cities need to take road space from cars – and how this could be done. J. Urban Des. 25, 443–448 (2020).
Google Scholar
Clements, R. Parking: an opportunity to deliver sustainable transport. in Handbook of Sustainable Transport 280–288 (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789900477.00041.
Barter, P. A. Off-street parking policy surprises in Asian cities. Cities 29, 23–31 (2012).
Google Scholar
Shao, C., Yang, H., Zhang, Y. & Ke, J. A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 71, 303–312 (2016).
Google Scholar
Pojani, D. et al. Setting the agenda for parking research in other cities. in Parking: An International Perspective 245–260 (Elsevier, 2019).
Guo, Z. Home parking convenience, household car usage, and implications to residential parking policies. Transp. Policy 29, 97–106 (2013).
Google Scholar
Scheiner, J., Faust, N., Helmer, J., Straub, M. & Holz-Rau, C. What’s that garage for? Private parking and on-street parking in a high-density urban residential neighbourhood. J. Transp. Geogr. 85, 102714 (2020).
Google Scholar
Inci, E. Economics of Transportation A review of the economics of parking. Econ. Transp. 4, 50–63 (2015).
Google Scholar
Arnott, R. Spatial competition between parking garages and downtown parking policy. Transp. Policy 13, 458–469 (2006).
Google Scholar
Marsden, G. The evidence base for parking policies-a review. Transp. Policy 13, 447–457 (2006).
Google Scholar
Taylor, E. “Fight the towers! Or kiss your car park goodbye”: How often do residents assert car parking rights in Melbourne planning appeals? Plan. Theory Pract. 15, 328–348 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kimpton, A. et al. Contemporary parking policy, practice, and outcomes in three large Australian cities. Prog. Plann. 153, 100506 (2020).
Google Scholar
Taylor, E. J. Journey into an immense heart of car parking. Plan. Theory Pract. 20, 448–455 (2019).
Google Scholar
Van Ommeren, J. N., Wentink, D. & Rietveld, P. Empirical evidence on cruising for parking. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 46, 123–130 (2012).
Google Scholar
Croeser, T. et al. Patterns of tree removal and canopy change on public and private land in the City of Melbourne. Sustain. Cities Soc. 56, 102096 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hurley, J. et al. Urban vegetation cover change in Melbourne. https://cur.org.au/cms/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/urban-vegetation-cover-change.pdf (2019).
Hartigan, M., Fitzsimons, J., Grenfell, M. & Kent, T. Developing a metropolitan-wide urban forest strategy for a large, expanding and densifying capital city: Lessons from Melbourne, Australia. Land 10, 809 (2021).
Google Scholar
Department of Environment Land Water and Planning. Port Phillip Bay Environmental Management Plan. https://www.marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au/coastal-programs/port-phillip-bay (2017).
City of Melbourne. Urban Forest Strategy. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/community/greening-the-city/urban-forest/Pages/urban-forest-strategy.aspx (2014).
City of Melbourne. Total Watermark: City as a Catchment (2014 Update). (2014).
City of Melbourne. Nature in the City Strategy. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/community/greening-the-city/urban-nature/Pages/nature-in-the-city-strategy.aspx (2017).
Li, F. & Guo, Z. Do parking standards matter? Evaluating the London parking reform with a matched-pair approach. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract 67, 352–365 (2014).
Google Scholar
Ríos Flores, R. A., Vicentini, V. L. & Acevedo-Daunas, R. M. Practical Guidebook: Parking and Travel Demand Management Policies in Latin America. https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/17409/practical-guidebook-parking-and-travel-demand-management-policies-latin-america (2015).
Mingardo, G., van Wee, B. & Rye, T. Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 74, 268–281 (2015).
Google Scholar
Barter, P. A. Parking requirements in some major Asian cities. Transp. Res. Rec. 2245, 79–86 (2011)
Taylor, E. J. & van Bemmel-Misrachi, R. The elephant in the scheme: Planning for and around car parking in Melbourne, 1929–2016. Land use policy 60, 287–297 (2017).
Google Scholar
City of Melbourne. Transport Strategy 2030. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/parking-and-transport/transport-planning-projects/Pages/transport-strategy.aspx (2020).
City of Melbourne. Total Watermark. https://www.clearwatervic.com.au/user-data/resource-files/City-of-Melbourne-Total-Watermark-Strategy.pdf (2009).
Roy, A. H. et al. Impediments and solutions to sustainable, watershed-scale urban stormwater management: Lessons from Australia and the United States. Environ. Manag. 42, 344–359 (2008).
Google Scholar
City of Melbourne. Annual Report 2020-2021. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/annual-report-2020-21.pdf (2021).
Sprei, F., Hult, Å., Hult, C. & Roth, A. Review of the effects of developments with low parking requirements. ECEEE Summer Study Proc. 2019-June, 1079–1086 (2019).
Langemeyer, J. et al. Creating urban green infrastructure where it is needed – A spatial ecosystem service-based decision analysis of green roofs in Barcelona. Sci. Total Environ. 707, 135487 (2019).
Google Scholar
Ossola, A. et al. Landscape and Urban Planning Small vegetated patches greatly reduce urban surface temperature during a summer heatwave in Adelaide, Australia. Landsc. Urban Plan. 209, 104046 (2021).
Google Scholar
Dhakal, K. P. & Chevalier, L. R. Managing urban stormwater for urban sustainability: Barriers and policy solutions for green infrastructure application. J. Environ. Manage. 203, 171–181 (2017).
Google Scholar
Siqueira, F. F. et al. Small landscape elements double connectivity in highly fragmented areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9, 1–14 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mimet, A., Kerbiriou, C., Simon, L., Julien, J. F. & Raymond, R. Contribution of private gardens to habitat availability, connectivity and conservation of the common pipistrelle in Paris. Landsc. Urban Plan. 193, 103671 (2020).
Google Scholar
Braschler, B., Dolt, C. & Baur, B. The function of a set-aside railway bridge in connecting urban habitats for animals: A case study. Sustain 12, 1194 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kirk, H., Threlfall, C. G., Soanes, K. & Parris, K. Linking Nature in the City Part Two: Applying the Connectivity Index. https://nespurban.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Linking-nature-in-the-city-Part-2.pdf (2020).
Ossola, A., Locke, D., Lin, B. & Minor, E. Yards increase forest connectivity in urban landscapes. Landsc. Ecol. 34, 2935–2948 (2019).
Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D. Small patches make critical contributions to biodiversity conservation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 717–719 (2019).
Google Scholar
Wintle, B. A. et al. Global synthesis of conservation studies reveals the importance of small habitat patches for biodiversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 909–914 (2019).
Google Scholar
Rolf, W., Peters, D., Lenz, R. & Pauleit, S. Farmland–an Elephant in the room of urban green infrastructure? Lessons learned from connectivity analysis in three German cities. Ecol. Indic. 94, 151–163 (2018).
Google Scholar
Marissa Matsler, A. Making ‘green’ fit in a ‘grey’ accounting system: The institutional knowledge system challenges of valuing urban nature as infrastructural assets. Environ. Sci. Policy 99, 160–168 (2019).
Google Scholar
Meerow, S. The politics of multifunctional green infrastructure planning in New York City. Cities 100, 102621 (2020).
Google Scholar
Wolf, K. L. & Robbins, A. S. T. Metro nature, environmental health, and economic value. Environ. Health Perspect. 123, 390–398 (2015).
Google Scholar
Bell, J. F., Wilson, J. S. & Liu, G. C. Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35, 547–553 (2008).
Google Scholar
Miller, S. M. & Montalto, F. A. Stakeholder perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by Green Infrastructure in New York City. Ecosyst. Serv. 37, 100928 (2019).
Google Scholar
Janhäll, S. Review on urban vegetation and particle air pollution – Deposition and dispersion. Atmos. Environ. 105, 130–137 (2015).
Google Scholar
Li, L., Uyttenhove, P. & Vaneetvelde, V. Planning green infrastructure to mitigate urban surface water flooding risk–A methodology to identify priority areas applied in the city of Ghent. Landsc. Urban Plan. 194, 103703 (2020).
Google Scholar
Haghighatafshar, S. et al. Efficiency of blue-green stormwater retrofits for flood mitigation–Conclusions drawn from a case study in Malmö, Sweden. J. Environ. Manage. 207, 60–69 (2018).
Google Scholar
Croeser, T., Garrard, G., Sharma, R., Ossola, A. & Bekessy, S. Choosing the right nature-based solutions to meet diverse urban challenges. Urban For. Urban Green 65, 127337 (2021).
Google Scholar
Hansen, R., Olafsson, A. S., van der Jagt, A. P. N., Rall, E. & Pauleit, S. Planning multifunctional green infrastructure for compact cities: What is the state of practice? Ecol. Indic. 96, 99–110 (2019).
Google Scholar
Roy Morgan. Return of Corporate Workforce. https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/roy-morgan-report-return-to-the-workplace.pdf (2020).
Bloomberg CityLab. A Modest Proposal to Eliminate 11,000 Urban Parking Spots. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-29/amsterdam-s-plan-to-eliminate-11-000-parking-spots (2019).
World Economic Forum. Paris halves street parking and asks residents what they want to do with the space. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/12/paris-parking-spaces-greenery-cities/ (2020).
Urry, J. The ‘System’ of automobility. Theory, Cult. Soc. 21, 25–39 (2004).
Google Scholar
Docherty, I., Marsden, G. & Anable, J. The governance of smart mobility. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract 115, 114–125 (2018).
Google Scholar
Burdett, R. & Rode, P. Shaping cities in an urban age. (Phaidon Press Inc, 2018).
Egerer, M., Haase, D., Frantzeskaki, N. & Andersson, E. Urban change as an untapped opportunity for climate adaptation. npj Urban Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00024-y (2021).
Google Scholar
New York City Department of Environmental Protection. NYC Green Infrastructure Annual Report. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/stormwater/green-infrastructure/gi-annual-report-2020.pdf (2020).
Eggimann, S. The potential of implementing superblocks for multifunctional street use in cities. Nat. Sustain. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00855-2.
City of Melbourne. Open Data Platform. https://data.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ (2022).
City of Melbourne. Off-street car parks with capacity and type. https://data.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Transport/Off-street-car-parks-with-capacity-and-type/krh5-hhjn (2020).
Ding, C. & Cao, X. How does the built environment at residential and work locations a ff ect car ownership? An application of cross-classi fi ed multilevel model. J. Transp. Geogr. 75, 37–45 (2019).
Google Scholar
Scheiner, J., Faust, N., Helmer, J., Straub, M. & Holz-rau, C. What’ s that garage for? Private parking and on-street parking in a high- density urban residential neighbourhood. J. Transp. Geogr. 85, 102714 (2020).
Google Scholar
Arnold, J. E., Graesch, A. P., Ochs, E. & Ragazzini, E. Life at Home in the Twenty-First Century in Life at home in the twenty-first century: 32 families open their doors. (ISD LLC, 2012).
Beck, M. J., Hensher, D. A. & Wei, E. Slowly coming out of COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: Implications for working from home and commuting trips by car and public transport. J. Transp. Geogr. 88, 102846 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hensher, D. A., Ho, C. Q. & Reck, D. J. Mobility as a service and private car use: Evidence from the Sydney MaaS trial. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract 145, 17–33 (2021).
Google Scholar
ESRI. ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension. https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-network-analyst/overview (2022).
Daniels, R. & Mulley, C. Explaining walking distance to public transport: The dominance of public transport supply. J. Transp. Land Use 6, 5–20 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sanders, J., Grabosky, J. & Cowie, P. Establishing maximum size expectations for urban trees with regard to designed space. Arboric. Urban For. 39, 68–73 (2013).
Grey, V., Livesley, S. J., Fletcher, T. D. & Szota, C. Establishing street trees in stormwater control measures can double tree growth when extended waterlogging is avoided. Landsc. Urban Plan. 178, 122–129 (2018).
Google Scholar
Kirk, H. et al. Linking nature in the city: A framework for improving ecological connectivity across the City of Melbourne. https://nespurban.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kirk_Ramalho_et_al_Linking_nature_in_the_city_03Jul18_lowres.pdf (2018).
Jaeger, J. A. G. Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size: New measures of landscape fragmentation. Landsc. Ecol 15, 115–130 (2000).
Google Scholar
Spanowicz, A. G. & Jaeger, J. A. G. Measuring landscape connectivity: On the importance of within-patch connectivity. Landsc. Ecol. 34, 2261–2278 (2019).
Google Scholar
Casalegno, S., Anderson, K., Cox, D. T. C., Hancock, S. & Gaston, K. J. Ecological connectivity in the three-dimensional urban green volume using waveform airborne lidar. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–8 (2017).
Google Scholar
Garrard, G. E., McCarthy, M. A., Vesk, P. A., Radford, J. Q. & Bennett, A. F. A predictive model of avian natal dispersal distance provides prior information for investigating response to landscape change. J. Anim. Ecol 81, 14–23 (2012).
Google Scholar
Duncan, D. Pollination of Black-anther flax lily (Dianella revoluta) in fragmented New South Wales Mallee: A report to the Australian Flora Foundation. 12, http://aff.org.au/wpcontent/uploads/Duncan_Dianella_final.pdf (2003).
Pebesma, E. Simple features for R: Standardized support for spatial vector. Data. R J. 10, 439–446 (2018).
Imteaz, M. A., Ahsan, A., Rahman, A. & Mekanik, F. Modelling stormwater treatment systems using MUSIC: Accuracy. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 71, 15–21 (2013).
Google Scholar
Melbourne Water. Raingardens. https://www.melbournewater.com.au/building-and-works/stormwater-management/options-treating-stormwater/raingardens#:~:text=Designing a raingarden,2%25 of the catchment area. (2017).
Source: Ecology - nature.com