in

The spatial and temporal reconstruction of a medieval moat ecosystem

  • Kirilova, E. P., Cremer, H., Heiri, O. & Lotter, A. F. Eutrophication of moderately deep Dutch lakes during the past century: Flaws in the expectations of water management? Hydrobiologia 637, 157–171 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharf, B. & Viehberg, F. A. Living Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the town moat of Bremen, Germany. Crustaceana 87(8–9), 1124–1135 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rees, S. E. The historical and cultural importance of ponds and small lakes in Wales, UK. Aquat. Conserv. 7(2), 133–139 (1997).

    <a data-track="click" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199706)7:23.0.CO;2-E” data-track-action=”article reference” href=”https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-0755%28199706%297%3A2%3C133%3A%3AAID-AQC225%3E3.0.CO%3B2-E” aria-label=”Article reference 3″ data-doi=”10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199706)7:23.0.CO;2-E”>Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. et al. The ecological impact of conquest and colonisation on a medieval frontier landscape: Combined palynological and geochemical analysis of lake sediments from Radzyń Chełmiński, northern Poland. Geoarchaeology 30, 511–527 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P. et al. The palaeoecological development of the Late Medieval moat—Multiproxy research at Rozprza Central Poland. Quat. Int. 482, 131–156 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt-Radke, I. Geoarchaeological aspects in the studies of prehistoric and early historic settlement complexes. In Studia interdyscyplinarne nad środowiskiem i kulturą w Polsce. Tom 1. Środowisko-Człowiek-Cywilizacja (eds Makohonienko, M. et al.) 57–70 (Bogucki Wyd Naukowe, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Łyskowski, M. & Wardas-Lasoń, M. Georadar investigations and geochemical analysis in contemporary archaeological studies. Geol. Geophys. Environ. 38(3), 307–315 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Korhola, A. & Rautio, M. Cladocera and other branchiopod crustaceans. In Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Vol. 4: Zoological Indicators (eds Smol, J. P. et al.) 5–41 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001).

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Birks, H. H. Plant macrofossils. In Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, 3: Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators (eds Smol, J. P. et al.) 49–74 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Battarbee, R. W. Diatom analysis. In Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (ed. Berglund, B. E.) 527–570 (Wiley, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luoto, T. P., Nevalainen, L., Kultti, S. & Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. An evaluation of the influence of water depth and river inflow on quantitative Cladocera-based temperature and lake level inferences in a shallow boreal lake. Hydrobiologia 676, 143–154 (2011).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Luoto, T. P. Intra-lake patterns of aquatic insect and mite remains. J. Paleolimnol. 47, 141–157 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hann, B. J. Methods in Quaternary ecology. Cladocera. Geosci. Canada 16, 17–26 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimbleby, G. W. The Palynology of Archaeological Sites (Academic Press. Inc., 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, K. J. Using space in cultural palynology: The value of the off-site pollen record. In Modelling Ecological Change: Perspectives from Neoecology, Palaeoecology and Environmental Archaeology (eds Harris, D. R. & Thomas, K. D.) 61–74 (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P., Sikora, J. & Wroniecki, P. A Late Medieval motte-and-bailey settlement in a lowland river valley landscape of central Poland. Geoarchaeology 33(5), 558–578 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Antczak-Orlewska, O. et al. The environmental history of the oxbow in the Luciąża River valley—Study on the specific microclimate during Allerød and Younger Dryas in central Poland. Quat. Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.08.011 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dearing, J. A. Core correlation and total sediment influx. In Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (ed. Berglund, B. E.) 247–270 (Wiley, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, C. et al. A sediment-based multiproxy palaeoecological approach to the environmental archaeology of lake dwellings (crannogs), central Ireland. Holocene 15, 707–719 (2005).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, Z., Brown, A. G. & Langdon, P. G. The potential of chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) larvae in archaeological investigations of floodplain and lake settlements. J. Archaeol. Sci. 33, 14–33 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P. et al. A multi-proxy reconstruction from Lutomiersk-Koziówki, Central Poland, in the context of early modern hemp and flax processing. J. Archaeol. Sci. 50, 318–337 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P. et al. On the border between land and water: the environmental conditions of the Neolithic occupation from 4.3 until 1.6 ka BC at Serteya, Western Russia. Geoarchaeology 36, 173–202 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Makohonienko, M. et al. Environmental changes during Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Kuyavia Lakeland, Central Poland. Quat. Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.11.020 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Porinchu, D. F. & MacDonald, G. M. The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 27, 378–422 (2003).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, S. J., Langdon, P. G. & Heiri, O. The Identification and Use of Palaearctic Chironomidae Larvae in Palaeoecology. QRA Technical guide no. 10 (Quaternary Research Association, 2007).

  • Heiri, O., Birks, H. J. B., Brooks, S. J., Velle, G. & Willassen, E. Effects of within-lake variability of fossil assemblages on quantitative chironomid-inferred temperature reconstruction. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 199, 95–106 (2003).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P., Sikora, J. & Wroniecki, P. The morphology of the Luciąża River valley floor in the vicinity of the Rozprza medieval ring-fort in light of geophysical survey. Bull. Geogr. Phys. Geogr. Ser. 8, 95–106 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hingham, R. & Barker, P. Timber Castles (University of Exeter Press, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marciniak-Kajzer, A. Archaeology on Medieval Knights’ Manor Houses in Poland (Wyd. Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2016).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Moller Pillot, H. K. M. Chironomidae Larvae of the Netherlands and Adjacent Lowlands. Biology and Ecology of the Aquatic Orthocladiinae, Prodiamesinae, Diamesinae, Buchonomyiinae, Podonominae, Telmatogetoninae (KNNV Publishing, 2013).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Luoto, T. P. An assessment of lentic ceratopogonids, ephemeropterans, trichopterans and oribatid mites as indicators of past environmental change in Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 46, 259–270 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cierniewski, J. Spatial complexity of the Cybina river valley organic soils against the background of physiographic conditions. Soil Sci. Annu. 32(4), 3–51 (1981).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydelek, P. Origin and composition of mineral constituents of fen peats from Eastern Poland. J. Plant Nutr. 36(6), 911–928 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wachecka-Kotkowska, L. Rozwój rzeźby obszaru między Piotrkowem Trybunalskim, Radomskiem a Przedborzem w czwartorzędzie (Wyd. Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2015).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittel, P. et al. Lacustrine, fluvial and slope deposits in the wetland shore area in Serteya, Western Russia. Acta Geogr. Lodz 110, 103–124 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciszewski, D. Pollution of Mała Panew River sediments by heavy metals: Part I. Effect of changes in river bed morphology. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 13(6), 589–595 (2004).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Borówka, R. Late Vistulian and Holocene denudation magnitude in morainic plateaux: Case studies in the zone of maximum extent of the last ice sheet. Quat. Stud. Pol. 9, 5–31 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prusinkiewicz, Z., Bednarek, R., Kośko, A. & Szmyt, M. Palaeopedological studies of the age and properties of illuvial bands at an archaeological site. Quat. Int. 51(52), 195–201 (1998).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kühtreiber, T. The medieval castle Lanzenkirchen in Lower Austria: reconstruction of economical and ecological development of an average-sized manor (12th–15th century). Archaeol. Pol. 37, 135–144 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kočár, P., Čech, P., Kozáková, R. & Kočárová, R. Environment and economy of the early medieval settlement in Žatec. Interdiscip. Archaeol. 1, 45–60 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. D. & Pluskowski, A. G. Detecting the environmental impact of the Baltic Crusades on a late medieval (13th-15th century) frontier landscape: Palynological analysis from Malbork Castle and hinterland, Northern Poland. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38, 1957–1966 (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Beneš, J. et al. Archaeobotany of the Old Prague Town defence system, Czech Republic: Archaeology, macro-remains, pollen, and diatoms. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 11(1/2), 107–119 (2002).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Badura, M. & Latałowa, M. Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z obiektów archeologicznych Zespołu Przedbramia w Gdańsku. In Zespół Przedbramia ul. Długiej w Gdańsku. Studium archeologiczne (ed. Pudło, A.) 231–247 (Muzeum Historii Miasta Gdańska, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrowolski, R. et al. Environmental conditions of settlement in the vicinity of the mediaeval capital of the Cherven Towns (Czermno site, Hrubieszów Basin, Eastern Poland). Quat. Int. 493, 258–273 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Makohonienko, M. Środowisko przyrodnicze i gospodarka w otoczeniu średniowiecznego grodu w Łęczycy w świetle analizy palinologicznej. In Początki Łęczycy. Tom I—Archeologia środowiskowa średniowiecznej Łęczycy. Przyroda–Gospodarka–Społeczeństwo (eds Grygiel, R. & Jurek, T.) 95–190 (MAiE w Łodzi, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koszałka, J. Źródła archeobotaniczne do rekonstrukcji uwarunkowań przyrodniczych oraz gospodarczych grodu w Łęczycy. In Początki Łęczycy. Tom I – Archeologia środowiskowa średniowiecznej Łęczycy. Przyroda–Gospodarka–Społeczeństwo (eds Grygiel, R. & Jurek, T.) 191–241 (MAiE w Łodzi, 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Digerfeldt, G. Studies on past lake-level fluctuations. In Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology (ed. Berglund, B. E.) 127–143 (Wiley, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Magny, M. Palaeoclimatology and archaeology in the wetlands. In The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology (eds Menotti, F. & O’Sullivan, A.) 585–597 (Oxford University Press, 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Płóciennik, M. et al. Summer temperature drives the lake ecosystem during the Late Weichselian and Holocene in Eastern Europe: A case study from East European Plain. CATENA 214, 106206 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Święta-Musznicka, J., Badura, M., Pędziszewska, A. & Latałowa, M. Environmental changes and plant use during the 5th–14th centuries in medieval Gdańsk, northern Poland. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 30, 363–381 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rackham, J. & Sidell, J. London’s landscapes: The changing environment. In The Archaeology of Greater London. An Assessment of Archaeological Evidence for Human Presence in the Area Now Covered by Greater London (ed. Kendall, M.) 12–27 (Museum of London, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledger, P., Edwards, K. & Schofield, J. A multiple profile approach to the palynological reconstruction of Norse landscapes in Greenland’s Eastern Settlement. Quat. Res. 82(1), 22–37 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, B. & Innes, J. Multi-profile fine-resolution palynological and micro-charcoal analyses at Esklets, North York Moors, UK, with special reference to the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 24, 357–375 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikora, J., Kittel, P. & Wroniecki, P. From a point on the map to a shape in the landscape. Non-invasive verification of medieval ring-forts in Central Poland: Rozprza case study. Archaeol. Pol. 53, 510–514 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikora, J. et al. A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the rampart construction of the medieval ring-fort in Rozprza, Central Poland. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 11(8), 4187–4219 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolksdorf, J. F., Turner, F., Nelle, O., Peters, S. & Bruckner, H. Environmental development and local human impact in the Jeetzel valley (N Germany) since 10 ka BP as detected by geoarchaeological analyses in a coupled aeolian and lacustrine sediment archive at Soven. E&G Quat. Sci. J. 64, 95–110 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Oonk S., Slomp C. P. & Huisman D. J. Geochemistry as an aid in archaeological prospection and site interpretation: Current issues and research directions. Archaeol. Prospect. 16, 35–51 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zieliński, T. & Pisarska-Jamroży, M. Which features of deposits should be included in a code and which not? Przegl. Geol. 60, 387–397 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clift, P. D. et al. Grain-size variability within a mega-scale point-bar system, False River, Louisiana. Sedimentology 66, 408–434 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Blott, S. J. & Pye, K. GRADISTAT: A grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 26, 1237–1248 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolland, N. & Larocque, I. The efficiency of kerosene flotation for extraction of chironomid head capsules from lake sediments samples. J. Paleolimnol. 37, 565–572 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, P. E. A Key to the Chironomidae and Their Instars from Austrian Danube Region Streams and Rivers. Part I. Diamesinae Prodiamesinae and Orthocladiinae (Federal Institute for Water Quality of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. & Epler, J. H. Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region: Keys and Diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Insect Systematics and Evolution. Supplement 66 (Scandinavian Entomology, 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, I. R. Midges: Chironomidae and related Diptera. In Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4: Zoological Indicators (eds Smol, J. P. et al.) 43–66 (Kluwer Academic Press, 2001).

    Chapter 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallenduuk, H. J. & Moller Pillot, H. K. M. Chironomidae Larvae of the Netherlands and Adjacent Lowlands. General Ecology and Tanypodinae (KNNV Publishing, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moller Pillot, H. K. M. Chironomidae Larvae Biology and Ecology of the Chironomini (KNNV Publishing, 2009).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Juggins, S. C2 Version 1.5 User Guide. Software for Ecological and Palaeoecological Data Analysis and Visualisation (Newcastle University, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweingruber, F. H. Tree Rings. Basics and Applications of Dendrochronology (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skripkin, V. V. & Kovaliukh, N. N. Recent developments in the procedures used at the SSCER Laboratory for the routine preparation of lithium carbide. Radiocarbon 40(1), 211–214 (1998).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Krąpiec, M., Rakowski, A. Z., Huels, M., Wiktorowski, D. & Hamann, C. A new graphitization system for radiocarbon dating with AMS on the dendrochronological laboratory at AGH-UST Kraków. Radiocarbon 60(4), 1091–1100 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoppi, U., Crye, J., Song, Q. & Arjomand, A. Performance evaluation of the new AMS system at Accium BioSciences. Radiocarbon 49, 173–182 (2007).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, P. et al. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62(4), 725–757 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk Ramsey, C. OxCal Version 4.4.2. Available at: https://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk (2020).

  • Bronk Ramsey, C. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51(1), 337–360 (2009).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk Ramsey, C. Deposition models for chronological records. Quat. Sci. Rev. 27(1–2), 42–60 (2008).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohonen, T. Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biol. Cybern. 43, 59–69 (1982).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohonen, T. Self-Organizing Maps (Springer, 2001).

    Book 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, Y.-S. et al. Application of a self-organizing map to select representative species in multivariate analysis: A case study determining diatom distribution patterns across France. Ecol. Inform. 1, 247–257 (2006).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q. et al. Self-organizing feature map classification and ordination of Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in Pangquangou Nature Reserve. Acta Ecol. Sin. 31, 2990–2998 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ney, J. J. Practical use of biological statistics. In Inland Fisheries Management in North America (eds Kohler, C. C. et al.) 137–158 (American Fisheries Society, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Płóciennik, M. et al. Fen ecosystem responses to water-level fluctuations during the early and middle Holocene in central Europe: A case study from Wilczków, Poland. Boreas 44(4), 721–740 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosse, S., Giraudel, J. L. & Lek, S. Utilisation of non-supervised neural networks and principal component analysis to study fish assemblages. Ecol. Model. 146(1), 159–166 (2001).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lek, S., Scardi, M., Verdonschot, P. F. M., Descy, J. P. & Park, Y. S. Modelling Community Structure in Freshwater Ecosystems (Springer, 2005).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, G. P. & Keough, M. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists (University of Cambridge, 2002).

    Book 

    Google Scholar 

  • Płóciennik, M., Kruk, A., Michczyńska, D. J. & Birks, H. J. B. Kohonen artificial neural networks and the IndVal index as supplementary tools for the quantitative analysis of palaeoecological data. Geochronometria 42, 189–201 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesanto, J. & Alhoniemi, E. Clustering of the self-organizing map. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 11, 586–600 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. H. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 58, 236–244 (1963).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 

    Google Scholar 

  • Alhoniemi, E., Hollmén, J., Simula, O. & Vesanto, J. Process monitoring and modeling using the self-organizing map. Integr. Comput. Aided Eng. 6(1), 3–14 (1999).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufrêne, M. & Legendre, P. Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67, 345–366 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • McCune, B. & Mefford, M. S. PcOrd Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 6.06 (MjM Software, 2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadfield, J. D., Krasnov, B. R., Poulin, R. & Nakagawa, S. A tale of two phylogenies: Comparative analyses of ecological interactions. Am. Nat. 183(2), 174–187 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, M. E. et al. glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling. R Journal 9(2), 378–400 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartig, F. DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-level/Mixed) Regression Models. R Package Version 0.4.5. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa (2022).

  • Bartoń, K. MuMIn: Multi-model Inference. R Package Version 1.43.17. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn (2020).

  • de Rosario-Martinez, H. phia: Post-Hoc Interaction Analysis. R Package Version 0.2-1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=phia (2015).


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    A breakthrough on “loss and damage,” but also disappointment, at UN climate conference

    Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance