in

Elevated alpha diversity in disturbed sites obscures regional decline and homogenization of amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity

  • Butchart, S. H. M. et al. Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines. Science 328, 1164–1168 (2010).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • McGill, B. J., Dornelas, M., Gotelli, N. J. & Magurran, A. E. Fifteen forms of biodiversity trend in the Anthropogene. Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 104–113 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, C. J. A., Sodhi, N. S. & Brook, B. W. Tropical turmoil: A biodiversity tragedy in progress. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7, 79–87 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbold, T. et al. Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature 520, 45–50 (2015).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Loreau, M. et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294, 804–808 (2001).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, D. U. et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecol. Monogr. 75, 3–35 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, D. U. et al. A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. Nature 486, 105–108 (2012).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Balvanera, P. et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecol. Lett. 9, 1146–1156 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinale, B. J. et al. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486, 59–67 (2012).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasari, J. R., Levi, T., Zavaleta, E. S. & Tilman, D. Several scales of biodiversity affect ecosystem multifunctionality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 10219–10222 (2013).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilman, D., Isbell, F. & Cowles, J. M. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 45, 471–493 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. E. P. & Romanuk, T. N. A meta-analysis of declines in local species richness from human disturbances. Ecol. Evol. 4, 91–103 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. N. et al. Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene. Science 356, 270–275 (2017).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • de Coster, G., Banks-Leite, C. & Metzger, J. P. Atlantic forest bird communities provide different but not fewer functions after habitat loss. Proc. R. Soc. B 282, 20142844 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann, J. C., Ndriantsoa, S. H., Rödel, M.-O. & Glos, J. Functional diversity in a fragmented landscape—habitat alterations affect functional trait composition of frog assemblages in Madagascar. Global Ecol. Conserv. 10, 173–183 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, M. L. & Lockwood, J. L. Biotic homogenization: A few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14, 450–453 (1999).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Socolar, J. B., Gilroy, J. J., Kunin, W. E. & Edwards, D. P. How should beta-diversity inform biodiversity conservation?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 31, 67–80 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Plas, F. et al. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multi-functionality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 3557–3562 (2016).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori, A. S., Isbell, F. & Seidl, R. β-diversity, community assembly, and ecosystem functioning. Trends Ecol. Evol. 33, 549–564 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehling, J. M. & Dehling, D. M. Conserving ecological functions of frog communities in Borneo requires diverse forest landscapes. Global Ecol. Conserv. 26, e01481 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hector, A. & Bagchi, R. Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature 448, 188–190 (2007).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, F. et al. High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 477, 199–202 (2011).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Loreau, M., Mouquet, N. & Gonzalez, A. Biodiversity as spatial insurance in heterogeneous landscapes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 12765–12770 (2003).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Seibold, S. et al. Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers. Nature 574, 671–674 (2019).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Felipe-Lucia, M. R. et al. Land-use intensity alters networks between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 28140–28149 (2020).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilman, D. Functional diversity in Encyclopedia of biodiversity, Vol. 3. (ed. Levin S. A.) 109–120 (Academic Press, 2001)

  • Cadotte, M. W., Carscadden, K. & Mirotchnick, N. Beyond species: functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services. J. Appl. Ecol. 48, 1079–1087 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, D. F. B., Mirotchnick, N., Jain, M., Palmer, M. I. & Naeem, S. Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. Ecology 92, 1573–1581 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lean, C. & Maclaurin, J. The value of phylogenetic diversity in Biodiversity conservation and phylogenetic systematics. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation 14. (eds. Pellens, R., Grandcolas, P.) 19–38 (Springer, 2016).

  • Owen, N. R., Gumbs, R., Gray, C. L. & Faith, D. P. Global conservation of phylogenetic diversity captures more than just functional diversity. Nat. Commun. 10, 859 (2019).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumbs, R., Williams, R. C., Lowney, A. M. & Smith, D. Spatial and species-level metrics reveal global patterns of irreplaceable and imperiled gecko phylogenetic diversity. Israel J. Ecol. Evolut. 66, 239–252 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, D. R., Mayden, R. L. & McLennan, D. A. Phylogeny and biodiversity: Conserving our evolutionary legacy. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7, 55–59 (1992).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillimore, A. B. et al. Biogeographical basis of recent phenotypic divergence among birds: a global study of subspecies richness. Evolution 61, 942–957 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miraldo, A. et al. An Anthropocene map of genetic diversity. Science 353, 1532–1535 (2016).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. T., Seeholzer, G. F., Harvey, M. G., Cuervo, A. M. & Brumfield, R. T. A latitudinal phylogeographic diversity gradient in birds. PLoS Biol. 15, e2001073 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, C. M. et al. Assessing the utility of conserving evolutionary history. Biol. Rev. 94, 1740–1760 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, D. F. B. et al. Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa. Ecol. Lett. 12, 22–33 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernández, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Contrasting changes in taxonomic vs. functional diversity of tropical fish communities after habitat degradation. Ecological Applications 20, 1512–1522 (2010).

  • Gibbons, J. W. et al. Remarkable amphibian biomass and abundance in an isolated wetland: Implications for wetland conservation. Conserv. Biol. 20, 1457–1465 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hocking, D. J. & Babbitt, K. J. Amphibian contributions to ecosystem services. Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. 9, 1–17 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beebee, T. J. C. Amphibian breeding and climate change. Nature 374, 219–220 (1995).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiesecker, J. M., Blaustein, A. R. & Belden, L. K. Complex causes of amphibian population declines. Nature 410, 681–684 (2001).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T. L., Rovito, S. M., Wake, D. B. & Vredenburg, V. T. Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infection fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 9502–9507 (2011).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wake, D. B. & Vredenburg, V. T. Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 11466–11473 (2008).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, R. & Rödel, M.-O. Patterns of community composition in two tropical tree frog assemblages: Separating spatial structure and environmental effects in disturbed and undisturbed forests. J. Trop. Ecol. 24, 111–120 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, T. A. et al. The value of primary, secondary, and plantation forests for a Neotropical Herpetofauna. Conserv. Biol. 21, 775–787 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, T. A., Fitzherbert, E. B., Drewes, R. C., Howell, K. M. & Caro, T. Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance and diversity of an East African leaf litter amphibian fauna. Biotropica 39, 105–113 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, G. R. et al. Conservation of amphibians in Borneo: relative value of secondary tropical forest and non-forest habitats. Biol. Cons. 152, 136–144 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Angarita-M., O., Montes-Correa, A. C. & Renjifo, J. M. Amphibians and reptiles of an agroforestry system in the Colombian Caribbean. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8, 33–52 (2015).

  • Jiménez-Robles, O., Guayasamin, J. M., Ron, S. R. & De la Riva, I. Reproductive traits associated with species turnover of amphibians in Amazonia and its Andean slopes. Ecol. Evol. 7, 2489–2500 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, R., Linsenmair, K. E. & Rödel, M.-O. Diversity erosion beyond the species level: dramatic loss of functional diversity after selective logging in two tropical amphibian communities. Biol. Cons. 133, 143–155 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oda, F. H. et al. Anuran species richness, composition, and breeding habitat preferences: a comparison between forest remnants and agricultural landscapes in Southern Brazil. Zool. Stud. 55, 34 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinsch, U., Lümkemann, K., Rosar, K., Schwarz, C. & Dehling, J. M. Acoustic niche partitioning in an anuran community inhabiting an Afromontane wetland (Butare, Rwanda). African Zool. 47, 60–73 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tumushimire, L., Mindje, M., Sinsch, U. & Dehling, J. M. The anuran diversity of cultivated wetlands in Rwanda: Melting pot of generalists?. Salamandra 56, 99–112 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • REMA. Rwanda State of Environment and Outlook Report 2017 – Achieving Sustainable Urbanization. (Rwanda Environment Management Authority, Government of Rwanda, 2017).

  • Su, J. C., Debinski, D. M., Jakubauskas, M. E. & Kindscher, K. Beyond species richness: Community similarity as a measure of cross-taxon congruence for coarse-filter conservation. Conserv. Biol. 18, 167–173 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, L. et al. Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. Nature 478, 378–381 (2011).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimkus, B. M., Rödel, M.-O. & Hillers, A. Complex patterns of continental speciation: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 55, 883–900 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehling, J. M. & Sinsch, U. Partitioning of morphospace in larval and adult reed frogs (Anura: Hyperoliidae: Hyperolius) of the Central African Albertine Rift. Zool. Anz. 280, 65–77 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazel, F. et al. Prioritizing phylogenetic diversity captures functional diversity unreliably. Nat. Commun. 9, 2888 (2018).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddad, C. F. B. & Prado, C. P. A. Reproductive modes and their unexpected diversity in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Bioscience 55, 207–217 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Capinha, C., Essl, F., Seebens, H., Moser, D. & Pereira, H. M. The dispersal of alien species redefines biogeography in the Anthropocene. Science 348, 1248–1251 (2015).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Alroy, J. Effects of habitat disturbance on tropical forest biodiversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 6056–6061 (2017).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehling, J. M. & Sinsch, U. Diversity of Ptychadena in Rwanda and taxonomic status of P. chrysogaster Laurent, 1954 (Amphibia, Anura, Ptychadenidae). ZooKeys 356, 69–102 (2013).

  • IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020–1. https://www.iucnredlist.org (2020).

  • Portillo, F., Greenbaum, E., Menegon, M., Kusamba, C. & Dehling, J. M. Phylogeography and species boundaries of Leptopelis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Albertine Rift. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 82, 75–86 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Channing, A., Dehling, J. M., Lötters, S. & Ernst, R. Species boundaries and taxonomy of the African River Frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Amietia). Zootaxa 4155, 1–76 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rödel, M.-O. & Ernst, R. Measuring and monitoring amphibian diversity in tropical forests. I. An evaluation of methods with recommendations for standardization. Ecotropica 10, 1–14 (2004).

  • Channing, A. & Howell, K. M. Amphibians of East Africa. (Chimaira, 2006).

  • Jetz, W. & Pyron, R. A. The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life. Nat. Ecol. Evolut. 2, 850–858 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  • Villéger, S., Mason, N. W. & Mouillot, D. New multidimensional functional diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in functional ecology. Ecology 89, 2290–2301 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maire, E., Grenouillet, G., Brosse, S. & Villéger, S. How many dimensions are needed to accurately assess functional diversity? A pragmatic approach for assessing the quality of functional spaces. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 24, 728–740 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Faith, D. P. Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biol. Cons. 61, 1–10 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehling, D. M. et al. Functional and phylogenetic diversity and assemblage structure of frugivorous birds along an elevational gradient in the tropical Andes. Ecography 37, 1047–1055 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baselga, A. et al. betapart: partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components. R package version 1.5.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=betapart (2022).

  • Dehling, D. M. et al. Specialists and generalists fulfil important and complementary functional roles in ecological processes. Funct. Ecol. 35, 1810–1821 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehling, D. M., Barreto, E. & Graham, C. H. The contribution of mutualistic interactions to functional and phylogenetic diversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.006 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021).


  • Source: Ecology - nature.com

    Chess players face a tough foe: air pollution

    To decarbonize the chemical industry, electrify it