Scott, A. C. Burning planet: The Story of Fire Through Time (Oxford Univ. Press, 2018).
Mutch, R. W. Wildland fires and ecosystems—A hypothesis. Ecology 51, 1046–1051 (1970).
Bond, W. J. & Midgley, J. J. Kill thy neighbour: an individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability. Oikos 73, 79–85 (1995).
Pausas, J. G., Keeley, J. E. & Schwilk, D. W. Flammability as an ecological and evolutionary driver. J. Ecol. 105, 289–297 (2017).
Midgley, J. J. Flammability is not selected for, it emerges. Aust. J. Bot. 61, 102–106 (2013).
Bowman, D. M. J. S., French, B. J. & Prior, L. D. Have plants evolved to self-immolate? Front. Plant Sci. 5, 590 (2014).
Snyder, J. R. The role of fire: much ado about nothing? Oikos 43, 404–405 (1984).
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I. & Midgley, G. F. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. N. Phytol. 165, 525–538 (2005).
Bond, W. J. & Keeley, J. E. Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20, 387–394 (2005).
Bowman, D. M. et al. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324, 481–484 (2009).
He, T. & Lamont, B. B. Baptism by fire: the pivotal role of ancient conflagrations in evolution of the Earth’s flora. Natl Sci. Rev. 5, 237–254 (2017).
He, T., Lamont, B. B. & Pausas, J. G. Fire as a key driver of Earth’s biodiversity. Biol. Rev. 94, 1983–2010 (2019).
Keeley, J. E., Pausas, J. G., Rundel, P. W., Bond, W. J. & Bradstock, R. A. Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits. Trends Plant Sci. 16, 406–411 (2011).
Pausas, J. G., Alessio, G. A., Moreira, B. & Corcobado, G. Fires enhance flammability in Ulex parviflorus. N. Phytol. 193, 18–23 (2012).
Archibald, S. et al. Biological and geophysical feedbacks with fire in the Earth system. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 033003 (2018).
Simon, M. F. et al. Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a neotropical plant diversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 20359–20364 (2009).
He, T., Lamont, B. B. & Downes, K. S. Banksia born to burn. N. Phytol. 191, 184–196 (2011).
Moreira, B., Castellanos, M. C. & Pausas, J. G. Genetic component of flammability variation in a Mediterranean shrub. Mol. Ecol. 23, 1213–1223 (2014).
Doerr, S. H. & Santín, C. Global trends in wildfire and its impacts: perceptions versus realities in a changing world. Proc. R. Soc. B 371, 20150345 (2016).
Engber, E. A. & Varner, J. M. III Patterns of flammability of the California oaks: the role of leaf traits. Can. J. Forest Res. 42, 1965–1975 (2012).
He, T., Pausas, J. G., Belcher, C. M., Schwilk, D. W. & Lamont, B. B. Fire-adapted traits of Pinus arose in the fiery Cretaceous. N. Phytol. 194, 751–759 (2012).
Pagel, M. Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401, 877–884 (1999).
Freckleton, R. P., Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: a test and review of evidence. Am. Naturalist 160, 712–726 (2002).
Blomberg, S. P., Garland, T. Jr & Ives, A. R. Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution 57, 717–745 (2003).
Molina-Venegas, R. & Rodríguez, M. Á. Revisiting phylogenetic signal; strong or negligible impacts of polytomies and branch length information? BMC Evol. Biol. 17, 53 (2017).
Wyse, S. V. et al. A quantitative assessment of shoot flammability for 60 tree and shrub species supports rankings based on expert opinion. Int. J. Wildland Fire 25, 466–477 (2016).
Santacruz-García, A. C., Bravo, S., del Corro, F. & Ojeda, F. A comparative assessment of plant flammability through a functional approach: the case of woody species from Argentine Chaco region. Austral Ecol. 44, 1416–1429 (2019).
Rowe, N. & Speck, T. Plant growth forms: an ecological and evolutionary perspective. N. Phytol. 166, 61–72 (2005).
Padullés Cubino, J., Buckley, H. L., Day, N. J., Pieper, R. & Curran, T. J. Community-level flammability declines over 25 years of plant invasion in grasslands. J. Ecol. 106, 1582–1594 (2018).
Jaureguiberry, P., Bertone, G. & Díaz, S. Device for the standard measurement of shoot flammability in the field. Austral Ecol. 36, 821–829 (2011).
Wyse, S. V., Perry, G. L. W. & Curran, T. J. Shoot-level flammability of species mixtures is driven by the most flammable species: implications for vegetation-fire feedbacks favouring invasive species. Ecosystems 21, 886–900 (2017).
Slik, J. F. et al. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 1837–1842 (2018).
Webb, C. O. & Donoghue, M. J. Phylomatic: tree assembly for applied phylogenetics. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 5, 181–183 (2005).
Webb, C. O., Ackerly, D. D. & Kembel, S. W. Phylocom: software for the analysis of phylogenetic community structure and trait evolution. Bioinformatics 24, 2098-100 (2008).
Gastauer, M. & Meira-Neto, J. An enhanced calibration of a recently released megatree for the analysis of phylogenetic diversity. Braz. J. Biol. 76, 619–628 (2016).
Paradis, E., Claude, J. & Strimmer, K. APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20, 289–290 (2004).
Hinchliff, C. E. et al. Synthesis of phylogeny and taxonomy into a comprehensive tree of life. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 12764–12769 (2015).
Michonneau, F., Brown, J. W. & Winter, D. J. rotl: an R package to interact with the Open Tree of Life data. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 1476–1481 (2016).
Revell, L. J. phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods Ecol. Evol. 3, 217–223 (2012).
R Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2017).
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.5-6 (2019); https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf
Roberts, D. W. & Roberts, M. D. W. labdsv: ordination and multivariate analysis for ecology. R package version 2.0-1 (2019); https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/labdsv/labdsv.pdf
Peterson, B. G. et al. Performance analytics. R package version 1.5.3 (2019); http://cran.univparis1.fr/web/packages/PerformanceAnalytics/PerformanceAnalytics.pdf
Banfield, J. D. & Raftery, A. E. Model-based Gaussian and non-Gaussian clustering. Biometrics 49, 803–821 (1993).
Fraley, C., Raftery, A. & Scrucca, L. mclust: normal mixture modeling for model-based clustering, classification, and density estimation. R package version 4 (2014).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
