Law, K. L. et al. Distribution of surface plastic debris in the eastern pacific ocean from an 11-year data set. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 4732–4738. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4053076 (2014).
Naser, H. A. Assessment and management of heavy metal pollution in the marine environment of the Arabian Gulf: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 72, 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.030 (2013).
Meng, W., Qin, Y., Zheng, B. & Zhang, L. Heavy metal pollution in Tianjin Bohai Bay, China. J. Environ. Sci. 20, 814–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62131-2 (2008).
Rainbow, P. S. Bioaccumulation of trace metals: biological significance. Oceanis 25, 547–561 (1999).
Reeder, R. J., Schoonen, M. A. & Lanzirotti, A. Metal speciation and its role in bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 64, 59–113 (2006).
Kastury, F., Karna, R. R., Scheckel, K. G. & Juhasz, A. L. Correlation between lead speciation and inhalation bioaccessibility using two different simulated lung fluids. Environ. Pollut., 114609 (2020).
Kastury, F. et al. Relationship between Pb relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility in phosphate amended soil: Uncertainty associated with predicting Pb immobilization efficacy using in vitro assays. Environ. Int. 131, 104967 (2019).
Ryan, P. G. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 78, 235–266 (2019).
Holmes, L. A., Turner, A. & Thompson, R. C. Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment. Environ. Pollut. 160, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.052 (2012).
Holmes, L. A., Turner, A. & Thompson, R. C. Interactions between trace metals and plastic production pellets under estuarine conditions. Mar. Chem. 167, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.06.001 (2014).
Brennecke, D., Duarte, B., Paiva, F., Caçador, I. & Canning-Clode, J. Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 178, 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003 (2016).
Vedolin, M. C., Teophilo, C. Y. S., Turra, A. & Figueira, R. C. L. Spatial variability in the concentrations of metals in beached microplastics. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 129, 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.019 (2018).
Shen, K. K., Kochesfahani, S. & Jouffret, F. Zinc borates as multifunctional polymer additives. Polym. Adv. Technol. 19, 469–474. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1119 (2008).
Lu, K., Qiao, R., An, H. & Zhang, Y. Influence of microplastics on the accumulation and chronic toxic effects of cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere 202, 514–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.145 (2018).
Mallory, M. L., Robinson, S. A., Hebert, C. E. & Forbes, M. R. Seabirds as indicators of aquatic ecosystem conditions: a case for gathering multiple proxies of seabird health. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.024 (2010).
Furness, R. W. & Camphuysen, K. Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 54, 726–737. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0243 (1997).
Elliott, J. E. Trace metals, stable isotope ratios, and trophic relations in seabirds from the North Pacific Ocean. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24, 3099–3105. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-474R.1 (2005).
Kim, E. Y., Goto, R., Tanabe, S., Tanaka, H. & Tatsukawa, R. Distribution of 14 elements in tissues and organs of oceanic seabirds. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35, 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900426 (1998).
Murphy, M. E. in Avian energetics and nutritional ecology 31–60 (Springer, 1996).
McCue, M. D. Starvation physiology: Reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Mol. Integr. Physiol. 156, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.002 (2010).
Cherel, Y., Robin, J.-P. & Maho, Y. L. Physiology and biochemistry of long-term fasting in birds. Can. J. Zool. 66, 159–166 (1988).
Richards, M. P., Rosebrough, R. W. & Steele, N. C. Effects of starvation and refeeding on tissue zinc, copper and iron in turkey poults. J. Nutr. 117, 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.3.481 (1987).
Debacker, V., Rutten, A., Jauniaux, T., Daemers, C. & Bouquegneau, J. M. Combined effects of experimental heavy-metal contamination (Cu, Zn, and CH3Hg) and starvation on quail’s body condition: parallelism with a wild common guillemot (Uria aalge) population found stranded at the Belgian coast. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 82, 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1385/bter:82:1-3:087 (2001).
Wenzel, C. & Adelung, D. The suitability of oiled guillemots (Uria aalge) as monitoring organisms for geographical comparisons of trace element contaminants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31, 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212675 (1996).
Brady, L. J., Romsos, D. R., Brady, P. S., Bergen, W. G. & Leveille, G. A. The effects of fasting on body composition, glucose turnover, enzymes and metabolites in the chicken. J. Nutr. 108, 648–657 (1978).
McCauley, S. J. & Bjorndal, K. A. Conservation implications of dietary dilution from debris ingestion: sublethal effects in post-hatchling loggerhead sea turtles. Conserv. Biol. 13, 925–929. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98264.x (1999).
Raubenheimer, D. & Simpson, S. J. in Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (Second Edition) (ed Jae Chun Choe) 127–138 (Academic Press, London, 2019).
Santos, R. G. et al. Exploring plastic-induced satiety in foraging green turtles. Environ. Pollut., 114918 (2020).
Lavers, J. L., Bond, A. L. & Hutton, I. Plastic ingestion by flesh-footed shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes): implications for fledgling body condition and the accumulation of plastic-derived chemicals. Environ. Pollut. 187, 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.020 (2014).
Puskic, P. S., Lavers, J. L., Adams, L. R. & Bond, A. L. Ingested plastic and trace element concentrations in short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris). Mar. Pollut. Bull. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111143 (2020).
Lavers, J. L. & Bond, A. L. Ingested plastic as a route for trace metals in Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Bonin Petrel (Pterodroma hypoleuca) from Midway Atoll. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 110, 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.001 (2016).
Ishii, C. et al. Contamination status and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and arsenic in five seabird species from the central Bering Sea. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 79, 807–814. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0441 (2017).
Ishii, C. et al. Heavy metal pollution in Japanese seabirds. Jpn. J. Vet. Res. 61, S75–S76 (2013).
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. Metal levels in feathers of 12 species of seabirds from Midway Atoll in the northern Pacific Ocean. Sci. Total Environ. 257, 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00496-4 (2000).
Ashton, K., Holmes, L. & Turner, A. Association of metals with plastic production pellets in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60, 2050–2055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.014 (2010).
Honda, K., Marcovecchio, J. E., Kan, S., Tatsukawa, R. & Ogi, H. Metal concentrations in pelagic seabirds from the North Pacific Ocean. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19, 704–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183988 (1990).
Muirhead, S. J. & Furness, R. W. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of seabirds from Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 19, 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(88)90599-1 (1988).
Lock, J. W., Thompson, D. R., Furness, R. W. & Bartle, J. A. Metal concentrations in seabirds of the New Zealand region. Environ. Pollut. 75, 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(92)90129-X (1992).
Turner, A. Heavy metals, metalloids and other hazardous elements in marine plastic litter. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 111, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.020 (2016).
Davranche, M. et al. Are nanoplastics able to bind significant amount of metals? The lead example. Environ. Pollut. 249, 940–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.087 (2019).
Turner, A. Mobilisation kinetics of hazardous elements in marine plastics subject to an avian physiologically-based extraction test. Environ. Pollut. 236, 1020–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.023 (2018).
Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. Mercury and other metals in feathers of common eider (Somateria mollissima) and tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) from the Aleutian chain of Alaska. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56, 596–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9207-5 (2009).
Roman, L., Hardesty, B. D., Hindell, M. A. & Wilcox, C. A quantitative analysis linking seabird mortality and marine debris ingestion. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36585-9 (2019).
Pierce, K. E., Harris, R. J., Larned, L. S. & Pokras, M. A. Obstruction and starvation associated with plastic ingestion in a Northern Gannet Morus bassanus and a greater shearwater Puffinus gravis. Mar. Ornithol. 32, 187–189 (2004).
Rochman, C. M. et al. The ecological impacts of marine debris: Unraveling the demonstrated evidence from what is perceived. Ecology 97, 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2070.1 (2016).
Tanaka, K. et al. (2013) Accumulation of plastic-derived chemicals in tissues of seabirds ingesting marine plastics. Mar. Pollut. Bull. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.010 (2013).
Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds 1 Part A ( Oxford University Press, Ratites to Ducks, 1990).
Roman, L., Bell, E., Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B. D. & Hindell, M. Ecological drivers of marine debris ingestion in Procellariiforme seabirds Sci. Rep. (2019).
Powlesland, R. G. Seabirds found dead on New Zealand beaches in 1986 and a review of Pachyptila species recoveries since 1960. Notornis 36 (1989).
Veitch, C. Seabirds found dead in New Zealand in 1979. Notornis 28, 41–47 (1981).
Post, P. W. Observations of prion (Pachyptila) wrecks on the west coast of South America. Notornis 54, 220–225 (2007).
Martuscelli, P. & Olmos, F. A large prion Pachyptila wreck in south-east Brazil. Cotinga 8, 55–57 (1997).
Davidson, N. & Evans, P. Mortality of Redshanks and Oystercatchers from starvation during severe weather. Bird Study 29, 183–188 (1982).
van Franeker, J. Save the North Sea Fulmar-Litter-EcoQO Manual Part 1: Collection and dissection procedures. Vol. 672 (2004).
Kastury, F. et al. In vitro, in vivo, and spectroscopic assessment of lead exposure reduction via ingestion and inhalation pathways using phosphate and iron amendments. Environ. Sci. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02448 (2019).
Environmental Protection Agency, U. S. A. Method 6020A Inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. (1998).
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, https://www.R-project.org (2018).
Naimi, B. Package ‘usdm’, R package version 1.1–18. (2017).
Barton, K. Package ‘MuMIn’. R package version 1.43.17. (2019).
Anderson, D. & Burnham, K. Model Selection and Multi-Model Inference 2nd edn, 63 (Springer, New York, 2004).
Burnham, K. & Anderson, D. A practical information-theoretic approach, in Model Selection and mUltimodel Inference, 2nd ed. (Springer, New York, 2002).
Totzke, U. et al. The influence of fasting on blood and plasma composition of herring gulls (Larus argentatus). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. Ecol. Evol. Approac. 72, 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1086/316675 (1999).
McKnight, G. S., Lee, D. C., Hemmaplardh, D., Finch, C. A. & Palmiter, R. D. Transferrin gene expression. effects of nutritional iron deficiency. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 144–147 (1980).
Urien, N. et al. Subcellular partitioning of metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cu, Se and Zn) in liver and gonads of wild white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) collected downstream from a mining operation. Aquat. Toxicol. 202, 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.07.001 (2018).
Krężel, A. & Maret, W. The functions of metamorphic metallothioneins in zinc and copper metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061237 (2017).
Rainbow, P. S. Copper, cadmium and zinc concentrations in oceanic amphipod and euphausiid crustaceans, as a source of heavy metals to pelagic seabirds. Mar. Biol. 103, 513–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00399583 (1989).
Cherel, Y., Robin, J.-P., Heitz, A., Calgari, C. & Le Maho, Y. Relationships between lipid availability and protein utilization during prolonged fasting. J. Comput. Physiol. B. 162, 305–313 (1992).
Kojadinovic, J., Corre, M. L., Cosson, R. P. & Bustamante, P. Trace elements in three marine birds breeding on Reunion Island (Western Indian Ocean): part 1 – factors influencing their bioaccumulation. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52, 418–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0225-2 (2007).
Stewart, F. M., Phillips, R. A., Bartle, J. A., Craig, J. & Shooter, D. Influence of phylogeny, diet, moult schedule and sex on heavy metal concentrations in New Zealand Procellariiformes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 178, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps178295 (1999).
Fromant, A. et al. Wide range of metallic and organic contaminants in various tissues of the Antarctic prion, a planktonophagous seabird from the Southern Ocean. Sci. Total Environ. 544, 754–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.114 (2016).
Van Franeker, J. A. & Law, K. L. Seabirds, gyres and global trends in plastic pollution. Environ. Pollut. 203, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.034 (2015).
Ryan, P. G. How quickly do albatrosses and petrels digest plastic particles?. Environ. Pollut. 207, 438–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.005 (2015).
Thouzeau, C., Robin, J.-P., Le Maho, Y. & Handrich, Y. Body reserve dynamics and energetics of barn owls during fasting in the cold. J. Comput. Physiol. B. 169, 612–620 (1999).
Parker, H. & Holm, H. Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female common eiders nesting in the high arctic. Auk 107, 660–668 (1990).
Esselink, H. et al. Biomonitoring heavy metals using the barn owl (Tyto alba guttata): sources of variation especially relating to body condition. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28, 471–486 (1995).
Raiswell, R., Benning, L. G., Tranter, M. & Tulaczyk, S. Bioavailable iron in the Southern Ocean: the significance of the iceberg conveyor belt. Geochem. Trans. 9, 7 (2008).
Boyd, P. W. et al. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407, 695–702 (2000).
De Baar, H. J. et al. Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature 373, 412–415 (1995).
Scharek, R., Van Leeuwe, M. A. & De Baar, H. J. W. Responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to the addition of trace metals. Deep Sea Res. II 44, 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00074-4 (1997).
Bannon, D. I., Abounader, R., Lees, P. S. J. & Bressler, J. P. Effect of DMT1 knockdown on iron, cadmium, and lead uptake in Caco-2 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 284, C44–C50 (2003).
Bressler, J. P., Olivi, L., Cheong, J. H., Kim, Y. & Bannona, D. Divalent metal transporter 1 in lead and cadmium transport. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1012, 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1306.011 (2004).
Roman, L., Bell, E., Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B. D. & Hindell, M. Ecological drivers of marine debris ingestion in Procellariiform Seabirds. Sci. Rep. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37324-w (2019).
Ryan, P. G. The incidence and characteristics of plastic particles ingested by seabirds. Mar. Environ. Res. 23, 175–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(87)90028-6 (1987).
Ainley, D. G., Fraser, W. R. & Spear, L. B. The incidence of plastic in the diets of Antarctic seabirds. Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2–7 April 1989 (1990).
Avery-Gomm, S. et al. Northern fulmars as biological monitors of trends of plastic pollution in the eastern North Pacific. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64, 1776–1781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.017 (2012).
Terepocki, A. K., Brush, A. T., Kleine, L. U., Shugart, G. W. & Hodum, P. Size and dynamics of microplastic in gastrointestinal tracts of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 116, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.064 (2017).
Youngren, S. M., Rapp, D. C. & Hyrenbach, K. D. Plastic ingestion by Tristram’s Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma tristrami) chicks from French frigate shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 128, 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.053 (2018).
GIMP Development Team. GIMP 2.10.10, https://www.gimp.org/ (2019).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
