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These authors contributed equally: Delphis F. Levia, Irena F. Creed.

Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Delphis F. Levia, Janice E. Hudson & Sean A. Hudson

School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Irena F. Creed

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
David M. Hannah

Department of Disaster Prevention, Meteorology and Hydrology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Kazuki Nanko & Shin’ichi Iida

Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Elizabeth W. Boyer

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
Nick van de Giesen

Office of the Chancellor, University of Michigan- Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
Domenico Grasso

Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
Andrew J. Guswa

Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Robert B. Jackson

Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Gabriel G. Katul

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Tomo’omi Kumagai

Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Pilar Llorens

Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Flavio Lopes Ribeiro

School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Diane E. Pataki

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Catherine A. Peters

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
Daniel Sanchez Carretero

Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
John S. Selker

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Doerthe Tetzlaff

European Regional Center for Ecohydrology, UNESCO and Department of Applied Ecology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Maciej Zalewski

UCD School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Michael Bruen More

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This research was supported by a Global Water Futures grant to G.F. and J.C.M. and an NSERC Discovery Grant to G.F. J.C.M acknowledges funding received as a Fellow of the CIFAR Earth4D Subsurface Science and Exploration Program. M.O.C. acknowledges support under an Independent Research Fellowship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/P017819/1). This commentary benefitted from discussions with P. Döll, J. Famiglietti, G. Fogg, X. Huggins, A. Manning, K. Markovich and M. Rohde. More