Study system The study was performed from 2012 to 2014 in the Hoya of Guadix-Baza, Granada province, southeast of Spain (37°18′N, 3°11′W). The area is an extensive agricultural landscape with scattered holm oaks (Quercus ilex) where cork-made nest-boxes were placed to favour the reproduction of a cavity-nesting bird community (for more details see41) including scops […] More
More than a quarter of Asian elephants in the world today are semi-captive, living in human care, and yet even the largest of these populations, the ~5,000 timber elephants of Myanmar, is not currently self-sustaining39. One of the most important factors limiting this population is high juvenile mortality4, a substantial proportion of which is likely […] More
1. Clutton-Brock, T. H., Albon, S. D. & Guinness, F. E. Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals. Nature 337, 260–262 (1989). 2. Whitehead, H. Babysitting, dive synchrony, and indications of alloparental care in sperm whales. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38, 237–244 (1996). Article Google Scholar 3. Whitehead, H. Sperm whales: social evolution in […] More
1. Rewicz, T., Grabowski, M., Macneil, C. & Karolina, B. The profile of a ‘perfect’ invader – the case of killer shrimp. Aquat. Invasions 9, 267–288 (2014). Article Google Scholar 2. Dudgeon, D. et al. Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 81, 163–182 (2006). Article Google Scholar 3. […] More
Asian citrus psyllids An uninfected (CLas-free) colony of D. citri was maintained at the U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL. The colony was routinely tested to confirm that it was HLB-negative using previously reported PCR methods50. Psyllids were reared on seedlings of a susceptible host, Citrus macrophylla Wester, and maintained at 28 °C, 14:10 L:D. All […] More
1. Lambert, J. E. & Rothman, J. M. Fallback foods, optimal diets, and nutritional targets: primate responses to varying food availability and quality, In Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol 44 (eds. Brenneis, D. & Strier, K. B.) 493–512 (2015). 2. Herrel, A. et al. Rapid large-scale evolutionary divergence in morphology and performance associated with exploitation […] More
A priori meta-model SEM integrates multivariate relationships, testing both direct and indirect effects within a system23. SEM requires a strong theoretical and empirical knowledge of the study system to guide model specification and modification23. We conducted a literature review of the relationships between institutional attendance, zoo species composition and in situ contributions. Based on this […] More
1. The Human Microbiome Project C, Huttenhower C, Gevers D, Knight R, Abubucker S, Badger JH, et al. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;486:207. 2. Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard J, Paster BJ, Tanner ACR, Yu W-H, et al. The human oral microbiome. J Bacteriol. 2010;192:5002–17. 3. Ribeiro AA, Azcarate-Peril […] More
