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We analyzed a total of 2196 morbidity reports received in Israel between November 2018 and October 2021 (Fig. 1A). The majority of these were for adult bats 1,783 (81.2%), of which 1432 (80.3%) were from urban areas (settlements populated by 30,000 or more people) and the remaining 351 (19.7%) were from rural areas, including small villages, nature reserves, and army bases. Out of all these adult cases, the animal’s sex was identified in only 295 cases (16.6%), with 171 (58%) being females and 124 (42%) being males. 413 (18.8% of all cases) were pups, up to 4 months old, from throughout the country, without sex identification.We found a dramatic and significant increase in adult bat morbidity during winter (see Fig. 1B) (p  More

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