Philippa Kaur

Nature Positive is an aspirational term that is increasingly being used by businesses, governments and NGOs, but there is a danger that its meaning is being diluted away from measurable overall net gain in biodiversity towards merely any action that benefits nature, argues E.J. Milner-Gulland.The term is appealing because it suggests an optimistic, intuitive and clear summary of where society needs to get to, and it can be used equally by business, government and civil society to describe their aspirations to protect and recover nature. However, once terms start gaining traction, particularly relatively general terms like Nature Positive, there is a risk of slippage and loss of meaning. It is already starting to feel like any actions that increase biodiversity anywhere, and by any amount, can be called Nature Positive. This trend has to be resisted. More

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All crops have been modified through some form of improvement, whether to enhance yield, taste, resilience or another factor. My passion is to continue accelerating the development of crop varieties that are more resistant to climate change and pests. This will make food supplies more secure and will also improve the quality of life for small-hold farmers in Africa and Asia, whose livelihoods can be devastated by crop failure.The goal of crop breeding is not only to develop new varieties, but also to produce genetically superior parents with a range of desirable traits that will be useful in future generations. Complex traits, such as yield or climate resilience, are often regulated by many genes. To speed up crop breeding for those traits, we use genomic data to select the best parental combinations, and then cameras and digital tools to identify the best progeny.In this photo, I’m in a greenhouse in Peru owned by my employer, the International Potato Center (CIP), inspecting potential sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) breeding parents for cross-pollination. CIP is one of 13 gene banks and research facilities around the world, known collectively as One CGIAR, which protect and utilize crop genetic diversity. I’ve worked at CIP since 2016; before then, I worked in industry, where I developed crops such as drought-tolerant corn hybrids.Because potatoes don’t have seeds that can be preserved for decades, we must reproduce them by growing small parts of plant organs, such as a root, a tuber or part of a stem, in tissue culture. Nearly 85% of the unique potato populations stored at CIP are also cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen to maintain a long-term backup.I can’t think of a nobler mission than working on food security. I hope that more young scientists — especially women — will focus their talents on crop breeding for the future. More

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