Philippa Kaur

Identification of broad-host-range rhizoplane colonization genes by Tn-seqThis work was focused on SF2 harboring a typical multipartite genome of Sinorhizobium (chromosome, chromid, and symbiosis plasmid) [59]. To perform genome-wide survey of rhizoplane colonization genes of SF2 (Fig. 1), the input mutant library was inoculated on filter paper of plant culture dish, and output mutant libraries were collected from filter papers at 1 h post inoculation (F1h) and 7 days post inoculation (dpi; F7d), and from rhizoplane of cultivated soybean (CS7d), wild soybean (WS7d), rice (R7d), and maize (Z7d) at 7 dpi. To facilitate Tn-seq library construction, all output mutant libraries were subject to 32 h cultivation in the TY rich medium, with input libraries cultivated at the same condition as control (TY). Tn-seq revealed that transposon insertion density in three input and 21 output samples ranged from 57.03 to 86.99% (Table S3), which are above the threshold of 50% insertion density for a good Tn-seq dataset [49]. A reproducible rhizosphere effect was observed in three independent experiments (Fig. S1), i.e., rhizoplane samples (CS7d, WS7d, R7d, and Z7d) consistently formed distinct clusters compared to those of TY, F1h, and F7d. A considerable signature of three independent input libraries was also identified (Data S1, Data S2, and Fig. S1). These results highlight that stochastic variations among multiple independent input libraries should be considered before making conclusions on gene fitness, which has been largely overlooked in earlier studies based on just one input library [49].Based on gene fitness scores of rhizoplane samples (CS7d, WS7d, R7d and Z7d) compared to corresponding F1h datasets (Fig. S2A; Data S2), 93, 91, 127, and 206 genes were identified as rhizoplane colonization genes for test plants of cultivated soybean, wild soybean, maize, and rice, respectively, accounting for 1.4–3.1% of the SF2 genome (p values  More

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Biomass yield and WUEBiomass increased with precipitation, as expected and reported in Lee3. There was less water uptake in intercropping compared to sole oat and pea. In general, intercropping represented the median of the two sole cropping treatments, where oat had the highest biomass and WUE while pea had the lowest, and where pea had the highest mineral content and oat had the lowest3. Intercropping resulted in advantages in forage yield stability and was not associated with changes to the AMF community.Alpha diversityWe found differences in AMF species richness estimates in the roots across treatment combinations (i.e., intercropping systems × N fertilizer rate) in 2019 (Chao1, p  More