Underrated past herbivore densities could lead to misoriented sustainability policies
Pausas, J. G. & Bond, W. J. On the three major recycling pathways in terrestrial ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 35, 767–775 (2020).
Google Scholar
Manzano, P. & White, S. R. Intensifying pastoralism may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions: wildlife-dominated landscape scenarios as a baseline in life cycle analysis. Clim. Res. 77, 91–97 (2019).
Google Scholar
Röös, E. et al. Greedy or needy? Land use and climate impacts of food in 2050 under different livestock futures. Glob. Environ. Change 47, 1–12 (2017).
Google Scholar
Harwatt, H., Ripple, W. J., Chaudhary, A., Betts, M. G. & Hayek, M. N. Scientists call for renewed Paris pledges to transform agriculture. Lancet Planet. Health 4, E9–E10 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R. & Milo, R. The biomass distribution on Earth. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 6506–6511 (2018).CAS
Google Scholar
Barnosky, A. D. Megafauna biomass trade-off as a driver of Quaternary and future extinctions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11543–11548 (2008).CAS
Google Scholar
Smith, F. A. et al. Exploring the influence of ancient and historic megaherbivore extirpations on the global methane budget. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 874–879 (2016).CAS
Google Scholar
Zimov, S. A., Zimov, N. S., Tikhonov, A. N. & Chapin, F. S. III Mammoth steppe: a high-productivity phenomenon. Quat. Sci. Rev. 57, 26–45 (2012).
Google Scholar
Adams, J. M., Faure, H., Faure-Denard, L., McGlade, J. M. & Woodward, F. I. Increases in terrestrial carbon storage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present. Nature 348, 711–714 (1990).CAS
Google Scholar
Nogués-Bravo, D., Rodríguez, J., Hortal, J., Batra, P. & Araújo, M. B. Climate change, humans, and the extinction of the woolly mammoth. PLoS Biol. 6, e79 (2008).
Google Scholar
Bond, W. J. Open Ecosystems: Ecology and Evolution Beyond the Forest Edge (Oxford Univ. Press, 2019).Bakker, E. S. et al. Combining paleo-data and modern exclosure experiments to assess the impact of megafauna extinctions on woody vegetation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 847–855 (2016).CAS
Google Scholar
Carpio Camargo, A. J. et al. Assessing red deer hunting management in the Iberian Peninsula: the importance of longitudinal studies. PeerJ 9, e10872 (2021).
Google Scholar
Gordon, I. J., Manning, A. D., Navarro, L. M. & Rouet-Leduc, J. Domestic livestock and rewilding: are they mutually exclusive? Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 5, 550410 (2021).
Google Scholar
Bond, W. J. Large parts of the world are brown or black: a different view on the ‘Green World’ hypothesis. J. Veg. Sci. 16, 261–266 (2005).
Google Scholar
Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).
Google Scholar
ESRI. ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10.3. (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA, 2014).Olson, D. M. et al. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51, 933–938 (2001).
Google Scholar
Fløjgaard, C., Pedersen, P. B. M., Sandom, C. J., Svenning, J.-C. & Ejrnæs, R. Exploring a natural baseline for large-herbivore biomass in ecological restoration. J. Appl. Ecol. 59, 18–24 (2022).
Google Scholar
Haller, T. et al. Conflicts, security and marginalisation: institutional change of the pastoral commons in a ‘glocal’ world. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 35, 405–416 (2016).CAS
Google Scholar
Torrents-Ticó, M., Fernández-Llamazares, A., Burgas, D. & Cabeza, M. Convergences and divergences between scientific and Indigenous and Local Knowledge contribute to inform carnivore conservation. Ambio 50, 990–1002 (2021).
Google Scholar
Griffith, E. F., Pius, L., Manzano, P. & Jost, C. C. COVID-19 in pastoral contexts in the greater Horn of Africa: implications and recommendations. Pastoralism 10, 1–12 (2020).
Google Scholar
Schieltz, J. M. & Rubenstein, D. I. Evidence-based review: positive versus negative effects of livestock grazing on wildlife. What do we really know? Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 113003 (2016).
Google Scholar
García Sanz, A. La ganadería española entre 1750–1865: los efectos de la reforma agraria liberal. Agricultura y Sociedad 72, 81–120 (1991).
Google Scholar
San Miguel, A., Roig, S. & Perea, R. The pastures of Spain. Pastos 46, 6–39 (2016).
Google Scholar
Epp, H. & Dyck, I. Early human-bison population interdependence in the Plains ecosystem. Gt. Plains Res. 12, 323–337 (2002).
Google Scholar
Hristov, A. N. Historic, pre-European settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the United States. J. Anim. Sci 90, 1371–1375 (2012).CAS
Google Scholar
Bond, W. J. Ancient grasslands at risk. Science 351, 120–122 (2016).CAS
Google Scholar
Bond, W. J., Stevens, N., Midgley, G. F. & Lehmann, C. E. The trouble with trees: afforestation plans for Africa. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 963–965 (2019).
Google Scholar
Ellis, E. C. et al. People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023483118 (2021).CAS
Google Scholar
Swette, B. & Lambin, E. F. Institutional changes drive land use transitions on rangelands: the case of grazing on public lands in the American West. Glob. Environ. Change 66, 102220 (2021).
Google Scholar
Hayek, M. N., Harwatt, H., Ripple, W. J. & Mueller, N. D. The carbon opportunity cost of animal-sourced food production on land. Nat. Sustain. 4, 21–24 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kristensen, J. A., Svenning, J.-C., Georgiou, K. & Mahli, Y. Can large herbivores enhance ecosystem carbon persistence? Trends Ecol. Evol. 37, 117–128 (2022).CAS
Google Scholar
Carmona, C. P., Azcárate, F. M., Oteros-Rozas, E., González, J. A. & Peco, B. Assessing the effects of seasonal grazing on holm oak regeneration: Implications for the conservation of Mediterranean dehesas. Biol. Cons. 159, 240–247 (2013).
Google Scholar
García-Fernández, A. et al. Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads. PeerJ 7, e7311 (2019).
Google Scholar
Scoones, I. Living with Uncertainty: New Directions in Pastoralism Development in Africa, Ch. 1 (ITDG, 1995).Pardo, G., Casas, R., del Prado, A. & Manzano, P. Carbon footprint of transhumant sheep farms: accounting for natural baseline emissions in Mediterranean systems. Preprint at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1838904/v1 (2022).Odhiambo, M. & Manzano, P. Making Way. Developing National Legal and Policy Frameworks for Pastoral Mobility (FAO, 2022).del Prado, A., Manzano, P. & Pardo, G. The role of the European small ruminant dairy sector on stabilizing global temperatures: lessons from GWP* warming-equivalent emission metrics. J. Dairy Res. 8, 8–15 (2021).
Google Scholar
Molina-Flores, B., Manzano-Baena, P. & Coulibaly, M. A. The Role of Livestock in Food Security, Poverty Reduction and Wealth Creation in West Africa (FAO, 2020).Lasanta, T., Cortijos-López, M., Errea, M. P., Khorchani, M. & Nadal-Romero, E. An environmental management experience to control wildfires in the mid-mountain Mediterranean area: shrub clearing to generate mosaic landscapes. Land Use Policy 118, 106147 (2022).
Google Scholar
Torres-Miralles, M. et al. Contribution of High Nature Value farming systems to sustainable livestock production: a case from Finland. Sci. Total Environ. 839, 156267 (2022).CAS
Google Scholar
Manzano, P. et al. Towards a holistic understanding of pastoralism. One Earth 4, 651–665 (2021).
Google Scholar
Karlsson, J. O., Parodi, A., Van Zanten, H. H., Hansson, P. A. & Röös, E. Halting European Union soybean feed imports favours ruminants over pigs and poultry. Nat. Food 2, 38–46 (2021).
Google Scholar
Leroy, F. et al. Transformation of animal agriculture should be evidence-driven and respectful of livestock’s benefits and contextual aspects. Animal 16, 100644 (2022).
Google Scholar
Jackson, R. D. Grazed perennial grasslands can match current beef production while contributing to climate mitigation and adaptation. Agric. Environ. Lett. 7, e20059 (2022).
Google Scholar
Mahli, Y. et al. The role of large wild animals in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Curr. Biol. 32, R181–R196 (2022).
Google Scholar
O’Bryan, C. J. et al. Unrecognized threat to global soil carbon by a widespread invasive species. Glob. Change Biol. 28, 877–882 (2022).
Google Scholar
Karp, A. T., Faith, J. T., Marlon, J. R. & Straver, A. C. Global response of fire activity to late Quaternary grazer extinctions. Science 374, 1145–1148 (2021).CAS
Google Scholar
Ripple, W. J. et al. World scientists’ warning of a climate emergency 2021. Bioscience 71, 894–898 (2021).
Google Scholar
Gilbert, M. et al. Global distribution data for cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in 2010. Sci. Data 5, 180227 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mann, D. H., Groves, P., Kunz, M. L., Reanier, R. E. & Gaglioti, B. V. Ice-age megafauna in Arctic Alaska: extinction, invasion, survival. Quat. Sci. Rev. 70, 91–108 (2013).
Google Scholar
Sandom, C., Faurby, S., Sandel, B. & Svenning, J. C. Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change. Proc. Royal Soc. B 281, 20133254 (2014).
Google Scholar
Fariña, R. A., Czerwonogora, A. & di Giacomo, M. Splendid oddness: revisiting the curious trophic relationships of South American Pleistocene mammals and their abundance. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 86, 311–331 (2014).
Google Scholar More