Subterms
Tuvalu climate The mean SST is 29.5 °C (with a range of 0.7 °C/yr). The mean precipitation is 3,493 mm/yr, and the climate is characterized by a rainy season with westerly winds from November to March and a dry season with easterly winds from April to October. The SST data was sourced from NOAA Coral Reef Watch21 […] More
1. Geritz, S. A. H. & Kisdi, É. Adaptive dynamics in diploid, sexual populations and the evolution of reproductive isolation. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 267, 1671–1678 (2000). 2. Kirkpatrick, M. & Ravigné, V. Speciation by natural and sexual selection: Models and experiments. American Naturalist 159, S22–S35 (2002). 3. Servedio, M. […] More
Atmospheric CO2 has increased from 350 to 410 ppm in the last three decades, which has been associated with greater plant growth and more efficient photosynthesis. The impacts of elevated CO2 on vegetation are, however, not all positive. Enhanced growth and photosynthesis can dilute nutrient concentrations in leaves, and plant physiological responses to elevated CO2 […] More
1. Parmesan, C. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 37, 637–669 (2006). Article Google Scholar 2. Chen, I.-C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemuller, R., Roy, D. B. & Thomas, C. D. Science 333, 1024–1026 (2011). 3. IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES Secretariat, […] More
Changes in hydrothermal factors before, during, and after precipitation Soil temperature Figure 1(a) shows the change in soil temperature for 11 days (i.e. five days before, one day during, and five days after the first precipitation event). Precipitation significantly reduced soil temperature. During the observation period, temperature of all reconstructed soils increased before and after precipitation, […] More
Material The ice samples used for this study come from bag samples allocated to gas consortium (A cut) of the EPICA Dome C 2 ice core. They were stored after drilling (2002-2003) in France (Le Fontanil) at −20 °C before being transported to LSCE, Gif sur Yvette in December 2017 for analysis in first semester of 2018. […] More
1. IPCC Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (eds Field, C. B. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014). 2. Parmesan, C. & Yohe, G. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421, 37–42 (2003). CAS Google Scholar 3. Sorte, C. J. B., Williams, S. L. & Carlton, J. T. […] More
1. Ovaskainen, O. et al. Community-level phenological response to climate change. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 13434–13439 (2013). 2. CaraDonna, P. J., Iler, A. M. & Inouye, D. W. Shifts in flowering phenology reshape a subalpine plant community. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 4916–4921 (2014). 3. Thackeray, S. J. et al. Phenological sensitivity […] More
