Ecology

Bacterial strains and culture conditions The bacterial strains used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table 2. Bacterial cultures were grown at 37 °C from frozen stocks on Luria-Bertani (LB: 1% tryptone (Oxoid), 0.5% yeast extract (Oxoid) and 0.5% NaCl) plates. Isolated bacteria were inoculated in the appropriate medium. The biotrophic fungus Podosphaera xanthii was grown […] More

1. Pfeffer, C. et al. Filamentous bacteria transport electrons over centimetre distances. Nature 491, 218 (2012). 2. Nielsen, L. P., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Fossing, H., Christensen, P. B. & Sayama, M. Electric currents couple spatially separated biogeochemical processes in marine sediment. Nature 463, 1071–1074 (2010). 3. Marzocchi, U. et al. Electric coupling between distant nitrate reduction […] More

Hiding behaviour of the predator under screen house The hiding behaviour of R. longifrons revealed that the percentage of predator adults hiding under pebbles was higher at 6 a.m. (F = 42.53; df = 3; P < 0.000) and 10.30 a.m. (F = 8.60; df = 3; P < 0.05) than other hiding places (Fig. 1). As day light increased, the predator moved under […] More

1. Monk, J. D., Giglio, E., Kamath, A., Lambert, M. R. & McDonough, C. E. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 1622–1631 (2019). Article Google Scholar 2. Dickins, T. E. & Rahman, Q. Ancestral primacy of same-sex sexual behaviour does not explain its stable prevalence in modern populations Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1187-5 (2020). 3. Clive, J., Flintham, […] More

New Unionidae genera and species from Southeast Asia Our multi-locus phylogenies were constructed using BEAST v2.6.1, MrBayes v3.2.6 and IQ-TREE v1.6.11 based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), small ribosomal RNA (16 S rRNA), and the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (28 S rRNA) gene fragments. These analyses returned well-resolved consensus phylogenies having a similar […] More

1. UN. The Sustainable Development Goals Report. (United Nations, New York, 2018). 2. Robinson, T. P. & Pozzi, F. Mapping Supply and Demand for Animal-Source Foods to 2030, Animal Production Health Working Paper (Food Agric Org, Rome N° 164, 2011). 3. Suweis, S., Carr, J. A., Maritan, A., Rinaldo, A. & D’Odorico, P. Resilience and […] More

Bottom-up effects of precipitation manipulation on Brandt’s voles To confirm the bottom-up effects of precipitation on small mammal, we monitored the vole population and plant community in a rainfall simulation experiment. We first assessed whether the plant community differed between rainfall treatment and control. In enclosures, the plant community structure mainly comprised of species such […] More

Experimental setup The experiment was conducted at the experimental dairy farm facility of the Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Israel, and was approved by the local ethics committee of the Volcani Center (approval number 412/12IL and 566/15IL). Animal handling and sample collection: Calves (Holstein-Friesian breed) were divided into two groups: those born by C-section […] More