Ecology

Experimental design Our study is part of the Jena Experiment, a large-scale and long-term biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in Jena (Thuringia, Germany, 50°55’ N, 11°35’ E, 130 m a.s.l.; mean annual air temperature 9.9 °C, annual precipitation 610 mm; 1980–2010 (ref. 66)). The experimental communities were established in May 2002, covering different plant diversity levels (including 1, 2, 4, […] More

1. Henson, S. A., Beaulieu, C. & Lampitt, R. Observing climate change trends in ocean biogeochemistry: when and where. Glob. Change Biol. 22, 1561–1571 (2016). 2. Hönisch, B. et al. The geological record of ocean acidification. Sci. 335, 1058–1063 (2012). 3. Littler, K., Röhl, U., Westerhold, T. & Zachos, J. C. A high-resolution benthic stable-isotope […] More

Nitrite and ammonia oxidation in the Northern GoM Nitrite and ammonia oxidation rates were determined during an East–West sampling transect on the Louisiana Shelf of the GoM in July 2016 (Supplementary Fig. 2). Due to summertime eutrophic conditions32, bottom waters were hypoxic at the time (<63 µM oxygen, max. water depth at the sampled stations was 18.5 m). […] More

1. Fraenkel, G. S. The raison d’être of secondary plant substances. Science 129, 1466–1470 (1959). 2. Turlings, T. C. J. & Erb, M. Tritrophic interactions mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles: mechanisms, ecological relevance, and application potential. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 63, 433–452, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043507 (2018). 3. Turlings, T. C. J., Tumlinson, J. H. & Lewis, W. J. […] More

1. Mills, L. S. Conservation of Wildlife Populations: Demography, Genetics, and Management 1st edition. (Wiley/Blackwell Press, 2007). 2. Pollock, K. H. et al. Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: statistical methods for design and analysis. Environmetrics: The official journal of the International Environmetrics Society 13, 105–119 (2002). Article Google Scholar 3. Pavlacky, D. C., Blakesley, J. […] More

Focal strain evolution was different in each community We measured performance (competitive fitness) of the evolved populations relative to the ancestral population when both were grown in separate dialysis bags embedded within the community at the end of the experiment (see Supplementary Fig. 1). The focal strains (rows of Fig. 1) had wide variation in performance across […] More

By bringing together diverse, spatially explicit datasets, we present a flexible methodology for identifying where land-sparing policies are most needed, and where they are most likely to succeed. We focus on Brazil, a country of exceptional global importance for both biodiversity conservation and agriculture, but the methods used here could be adapted for any region […] More

1. Price, E. O. Behavioral-aspects of animal domestication. Quarterly Review of Biology 59, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1086/413673 (1984). Article Google Scholar 2. Price, E. O. Behavioral development in animals undergoing domestication. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65, 245–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00087-8 (1999). Article Google Scholar 3. Diamond, J. Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication. Nature 418, 700–707, […] More