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Analysis of contents of heavy metals in wasteland soilThe test results show (Table 5) that the contents of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cu in the surface soil within Shigetai Coal Mine vary from 0.043 to 0.255, 0.44 to 2.23, 2.66 to 18.40, 11.80 to 42.80, 40.50 to 118.60, 18.90 to 70.10, 4.31 to 28.10, 4.96 to 46.25 mg/kg, respectively; the average contents of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cu are 0.128, 1.03, 4.73, 23.08, 76.22, 46.94, 16.11 and 12.10 mg/kg, respectively. The average contents of Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr in soil within the research area are 2.03, 1.36, 1.11 and 1.23 times of the soil background values in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The average contents of As, Zn and Cu are lower than the soil background value in Shaanxi Province, but the maximum contents of these three elements are 1.65, 1.01 and 2.16 times of the soil background values in Shaanxi Province, respectively. It is reported that the average concentration of lead in agricultural soil affected by coal mines is relatively high (433 mg kg−1)38. Lead is usually related to minerals in coal and occurs mainly in the form of sulfide such as PbS and PbSe39. In addition, aluminosilicate and carbonate also contain lead40. Chromium is a non-volatile element, which is related to aluminosilicate minerals41. In the mining process, chromium may be accumulated in coal, gangue or other tailings, and then enter the soil or water body through rain leaching42.Table 5 Statistics of contents of heavy metals in wasteland soil (n = 79).Full size tableThe coefficient of variation (CV) of Hg and Cd contents in soil within the research area is 0.050 and 0.37, respectively, with moderate variation, indicating that the content of these two heavy metals is less affected by the external factors; the coefficient of variation (CV) of As, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cu contents is 2.81, 7.46, 18.00, 13.51, 5.44 and 5.64, respectively, with strong variation (CV  > 0.50)43, indicating that the content of these eight heavy metals may be affected by some local pollution sources. The skewness coefficient (SK) ranges from − 3 to 3, and the larger its absolute value, the greater its skewness. When SK  > 0, it is positive skewness; when SK  More

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