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This picture was taken at night in the coastal community of Dakenggu in Yilan County, which is just southeast of Taipei in Taiwan. I’m on the left, working with two other researchers to measure the body size of a red-clawed crab (Chiromantes haematocheir).An old man from the local community told me that years ago, during the breeding season, you could barely cross the road because of all the crabs. He said nobody knows where they all went. They’re an important memory for the local people, and part of the culture here.Habitat loss — especially resulting from the widespread use of concrete — seems to be driving the decline. I’m working with local people to create rocky microhabitats and artificial wetlands for the red-clawed crabs to live in. They’re important scavengers — eating dead animals and other organic matter, breaking it down and playing a key part in the nutrient cycle.Small organisms need our help — they can’t stand up for themselves. But in Taiwan, a lot of people think a coastal villa is more important than a few crabs. Corporations want to build luxury developments in our national parks, and authorities often approve them. I’ve seen so many intact habitats destroyed or covered in concrete.Crabs caught my interest because they were frequent visitors to my dormitory. National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung sits in a coastal buffer zone between a mountain and the ocean, and land hermit crabs (Coenobita cavipes) have to scurry through it on their way to breed.After watching habitat after habitat destroyed by overdevelopment, I’ve realized that just doing the science is not enough. It doesn’t matter how many papers you publish: you need to connect with people through education and communication. That’s why I decided to do my PhD in social science. And it’s why I believe conservation will be my life’s work.

Nature 603, 962 (2022)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00810-3

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Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandStefano Mammola, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, Pedro Cardoso, Caroline S. Fukushima, Tuuli Korhonen, Marija Miličić & Joni A. SaarinenMolecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza, ItalyStefano Mammola & Alejandro MartínezCE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalJagoba Malumbres-OlarteAlbert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba, IsraelValeria ArabeskyBlaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba, IsraelValeria Arabesky & Yael LubinColección Nacional de Arácnidos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, MexicoDiego Alejandro Barrales-AlcaláEnvironmental Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences and Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines Los Banos, 4031, Los Baños, PhilippinesAimee Lynn Barrion-DupoCentro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayMarco Antonio BenamúLab. Ecotoxicología de Artrópodos Terrestres, Centro Univeritario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayMarco Antonio BenamúLaboratorio Ecología del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, UruguayMarco Antonio BenamúDitsong National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 4197, Pretoria, 0001, South AfricaTharina L. BirdDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South AfricaTharina L. BirdFreelance translator, Verbania Pallanza, ItalyMaria BogomolovaDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, GreeceMaria ChatzakiDepartment of Life sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No.145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402204, TaiwanRen-Chung Cheng & Tien-Ai ChuDepartment of Biology, Macelwane Hall, 3507 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USALeticia M. Classen-RodríguezCroatian Biospeleological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, CroatiaIva Čupić & Martina PavlekProgram Sarjana, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaNaufal Urfi Dhiya’ulhaqInsectarium de Montréal, Espace pour la vie, 4101, rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, CanadaAndré-Philippe Drapeau PicardSerket, Arachnid Collection of Egypt (ACE), Cairo, EgyptHisham K. El-HennawyErzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Biology Department, 24002, Erzincan, TurkeyMert ElvericiThe National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, IsraelZeana Ganem & Efrat Gavish-RegevThe Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, IsraelZeana GanemBotswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, BotswanaNaledi T. 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BOX 40658- 00100, Nairobi, KenyaGrace Mwende KiokoSchool for Advanced Studies IUSS, Science, Technology and Society Department, 25100, Pavia, ItalyVeronica NanniInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaYusoff Norma-RashidDepartment of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NigeriaDaniel NwankwoTe Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New ZealandChristina J. PaintingIndependent researcher, Toronto, CanadaAleck PangMuseo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”, Piazza Cittadella, 10, I-24129, Bergamo, ItalyPaolo PantiniRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, CroatiaMartina PavlekBiodiversity Research Laboratory, Moreton Morrell, Warwickshire College University Centre, Warwickshire, United KingdomRichard PearceInstitute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South AfricaJulien PétillonDepartment of Entomology, University of Antananrivo, Antananarivo, MadagascarOnjaherizo Christian RaberahonaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United StatesLaura Segura-HernándezDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, CanadaLenka SentenskáNatural Sciences, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Parnell, Auckland, 1010, New ZealandLeilani WalkerTe Pūnaha Matatini, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandLeilani WalkerMurang’a University of Technology, Department of Physical & Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 75-10200, Murang’a, KenyaCharles M. WaruiInstitute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200, Słupsk, PolandKonrad WiśniewskiZoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI-20014, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandAlireza ZamaniDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USAAngela ChuangDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USAAngela ChuangConceptualization: SM, JM-O, CS, AC; Data collection & validation: all authors; Data management: SM, VN, AC; Data analysis & visualization (Figs. 2–5): SM; Summary illustration (Fig. 1): JM-O; Writing (first draft): SM; Writing, contributions: JM-O, CS, AC; All authors read the text, provided comments, suggestions, and corrections, and approved the final version. More

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