Squid adjust their body color according to substrate
Endler, J. A. Interactions between predators and prey. In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach 3rd edn (eds Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B.) 169–196 (Blackwell, 1991).
Google Scholar
Stevens, M. & Merilaita, S. Animal camouflage: Current issues and new perspectives. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B 364, 423–427 (2009).
Google Scholar
Stevens, M. & Merilaita, S. Animal camouflage: Function and mechanisms. In Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Function (eds Stevens, M. & Merilaita, S.) 1–17 (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
Google Scholar
Reiter, S. & Laurent, G. Visual perception and cuttlefish camouflage. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 260, 47–54 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cott, H. B. Adaptive Coloration in Animals (Methuen, 1940).
Google Scholar
Cloney, R. A. & Florey, E. Ultrastructure of cephalopod chromatophore organs. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 89, 250–280 (1968).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Borrelli, L., Gherardi, F. & Fiorito, G. A. Catalogue of Body Patterning in Cephalopoda (Firenze University Press, 2006).
Google Scholar
Reiter, S. et al. Elucidating the control and development of skin patterning in cuttlefish. Nature 562, 361–366 (2018).ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barbosa, A., Allen, J. J., Mäthger, L. M. & Hanlon, R. T. Cuttlefish use visual cues to determine arm postures for camouflage. Proc. R Soc. B Biol. Sci. 279, 84–90 (2012).
Google Scholar
Hanlon, R. T. Cephalopod dynamic camouflage. Curr. Biol. 17, R400-404 (2007).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hill, A. V. & Solandt, D. Y. Myograms from the chromatophores of Sepia. J. Physiol. Lond. 83, 13–14 (1935).
Google Scholar
Williams, T. L. et al. Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs. Nat. Commun. 10, 1–5 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hanlon, R. T. et al. Rapid adaptive camouflage in cephalopods. In Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Functions (eds Stevens, M. & Merilaita, S.) 145–163 (Cambridge Univ Press, 2011).
Google Scholar
Hanlon, R. T. & Messenger, J. B. Adaptive coloration in young cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.): The morphology and development of body patterns and their relation to behavior. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B 320, 437–487 (1988).ADS
Google Scholar
Ferguson, G., Messenger, J. B. & Budelmann, B. Gravity and light influence the countershading reflexes of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. J. Exp. Biol. 191, 247–256 (1994).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shohet, A. J., Baddeley, R. J., Anderson, J. C., Kelman, E. J. & Osorio, D. Cuttlefish responses to visual orientation of substrates, water flow and a model of motion camouflage. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4717–4723 (2006).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barbosa, A. et al. Disruptive coloration in cuttlefish: A visual perception mechanism that regulates ontogenetic adjustment of skin patterning. J. Exp. Biol. 210, 1139–1147 (2007).PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiao, C. C., Chubb, C. & Hanlon, R. T. Interactive effects of size, contrast, intensity and configuration of background objects in evoking disruptive camouflage in cuttlefish. Vis. Res. 47, 2223–2235 (2007).PubMed
Google Scholar
Nakajima, R. & Ikeda, Y. A catalog of the chromatic, postural, and locomotor behaviors of the pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) from Okinawa Island, Japan. Mar. Biodivers. 47, 735–753 (2017).
Google Scholar
Packard, A. Chromatophore fields in the skin of the octopus. J. Physiol. 238, 38–40 (1974).
Google Scholar
Caldwell, R. L., Ross, R., Rodaniche, A. F. & Huffard, C. L. Behavior and body patterns of the larger pacific striped octopus. PLoS ONE 10, e0134152 (2015).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gutnick, T., Shomrat, T., Mather, J. A. & Kuba, M. J. The cephalopod brain: Motion control, learning, and cognition. In Physiology of Molluscs: A Collection of Selected Reviews Vol. 2 (eds Salleudin, S. & Mukai, S.) 139–177 (Apple Academic Press, 2016).
Google Scholar
Hanlon, R. T. & Messenger, J. B. Cephalopod Behaviour 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, 2018).
Google Scholar
Cloney, R. & Brocco, S. Chromatophore organs, reflector cells, iridocytes, and leucophores. Am. Zool. 23, 581–592 (1983).
Google Scholar
Mäthger, L. M. & Hanlon, R. T. Malleable skin coloration in cephalopods: Selective reflectance, transmission and absorbance of light by chromatophores and iridophores. Cell Tissue Res. 329, 179 (2007).PubMed
Google Scholar
Josef, N., Berenshtein, I., Fiorito, G., Sykes, A. V. & Shashar, N. Camouflage during movement in the European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). J. Exp. Biol. 218, 3391–3398 (2015).PubMed
Google Scholar
Josef, N. et al. Size matters: Observed and modeled camouflage response of European Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) to different substrate patch sizes during movement. Front. Physiol. 7, 671 (2017).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Poulton, E. B. The Colours of Animals: Their Meaning and Use, Especially Considered in the Case of Insects (D. Appleton, 1890).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. & Richardson, J. S. Unidirectional prey–predator facilitation: Apparent prey enhance predators’ foraging success on cryptic prey. Biol. Lett. 3, 348–351 (2007).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Troscianko, T., Benton, C. P., Lovell, P. G., Tolhurst, D. J. & Pizlo, Z. Camouflage and visual perception. Philos. Trans. R Soc. B 364, 449–461 (2009).
Google Scholar
Land, M. F. & Nilsson, D. E. Animal Eyes (Oxford University Press, 2012).
Google Scholar
Cronin, T. W., Johnsen, S., Marshall, N. J. & Warrant, E. J. Visual Ecology (Princeton University Press, 2014).
Google Scholar
Hanlon, R. T. & Messenger, J. B. Cephalopod Behaviour (Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Google Scholar
Staudinger, M. D., Hanlon, R. T. & Juanes, F. Primary and secondary defences of squid to cruising and ambush fish predators: Variable tactics and their survival value. Anim. Behav. 81, 585–594 (2011).
Google Scholar
Ferguson, G. P. & Messenger, J. B. A countershading reflex in cephalopods. Proc. R. Soc. B 243, 63–67 (1991).ADS
Google Scholar
Zylinski, S. & Johnsen, S. Mesopelagic cephalopods switch between transparency and pigmentation to optimize camouflage in the deep. Curr. Biol. 21, 1937–1941 (2011).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Young, R. E. & Roper, C. F. E. Bioluminescent countershading in mid water animals: Evidence from living squid. Science 191, 1046–1048 (1976).ADS
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jereb, P. & Roper, C. F. E. Cephalopods of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids Vol. 2 (FAO, 2010).
Google Scholar
Okutani, T. Life history of the oval squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Saibai Giken 13, 69–75 (1984) ((in Japanese)).
Google Scholar
Segawa, S. Food consumption, food conversion and growth rates of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana by laboratory experiments. Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi 56, 217–222 (1990).
Google Scholar
Izuka, T., Segawa, S., Okutani, T. & Numachi, K. Evidence on the existence of three species in the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana complex in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, southwestern Japan, by isozyme analyses. Venus Jpn. J. Malacol/Kairuigaku Zasshi 53, 217–228 (1994).
Google Scholar
Izuka, T. Biochemical study of the population heterogeneity and distribution of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana complex in southwestern Japan. Am. Malac. Bull. 12, 129–135 (1996).
Google Scholar
Imai, H., & Aoki, M. Genetic diversity and genetic heterogeneity of bigfin reef squid “Sepioteuthis lessoniana” species complex in northwestern Pacific Ocean. in Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals (Caliskan, M. ed). 151–166. (InTech, 2012).Cheng, S. H. et al. Molecular evidence for co-occurring cryptic lineages within the Sepioteuthis cf. lessoniana species complex in the Indian and Indo-West Pacific Oceans. Hydrobiologia 725, 165–188 (2014).CAS
Google Scholar
Tomano, S. et al. Contribution of Sepioteuthis sp. 1 and Sepioteuthis sp. 2 to oval squid fishery stocks in western Japan. Fish Sci 82, 585–596 (2016).CAS
Google Scholar
Okutani, T. Past, present and future studies on cephalopod diversity in tropical west Pacific. Phuket Mar. Biol. Center Res. Bull. 66, 39–50 (2005).
Google Scholar
Lee, P. G., Turk, P. E., Yang, W. T. & Hanlon, R. T. Biological characteristics and biomedical applications of the squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana cultured through multiple generations. Biol. Bull. 186, 328–341 (1994).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nabhitabhata, J. & Ikeda, Y. Sepioteuthis lessoniana. In Cephalopod Culture (eds Iglesias, J. et al.) 315–347 (Springer, 2014).
Google Scholar
Lajbner, Z. et al. Captive breeding of the oval squid (Aori-ika; Sepioteuthis sp.). in Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference 2018, Book of Abstracts, St. Petersburg. 152. (2018)Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, i01 (2015).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2019).RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. http://www.rstudio.com (RStudio, Inc., 2019)Kenward, M. & Roger, J. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53, 983–997 (1997).CAS
PubMed
MATH
Google Scholar
Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S. & Eliceiri, K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 671–675 (2012).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lin, C. Y., Tsai, Y. C. & Chiao, C. C. Quantitative analysis of dynamic body patterning reveals the grammar of visual signals during the reproductive behavior of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Front. Ecol. Evol. 5, 30 (2017).
Google Scholar
Chung, W. S., Kurniawan, N. D. & Marshall, N. J. Toward an MRI-based mesoscale connectome of the squid brain. Iscience 23, 100816 (2020).ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Messenger, J. B. Cephalopod chromatophores: Neurobiology and natural history. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 76, 473–528 (2001).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
York, C. A. & Bartol, I. K. Anti-predator behavior of squid throughout ontogeny. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 480, 26–35 (2016).
Google Scholar
Suzuki, M., Kimura, T., Ogawa, H., Hotta, K. & Oka, K. Chromatophore activity during natural pattern expression by the squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana: Contributions of miniature oscillation. PLoS ONE 6, e18244 (2011).ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liu, Y.C., Wang, W.C., & Grasse, B. Electrical coupling between chromatophore muscle fibers allows for versatile control of chromatophore expansion in squid. bioRxiv 2020.02.17.951715 (2020).Hadjisolomou, S. P., El-Haddad, R. W., Kloskowski, K., Chavarga, A. & Abramov, I. Quantifying the speed of chromatophore activity at the single-organ level in response to a visual startle stimulus in living, intact squid. Front. Physiol. 12, 675252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.675252 (2021).Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar More