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Many women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) need to make decisions about marital name change, and have to consider how this might affect their publication record and future career. Mentorship that considers race, ethnicity, culture, religion and parenting, as well as a centralized system to dynamically and retroactively streamline name change, will promote agency and choice for women navigating STEM careers, writes Bala Chaudhary.Women, whether in same-sex or heterosexual relationships, still predominantly make decisions regarding marital name change1. In science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, as the proportion of female researchers rises, more women are considering the potential effects of marital name change on their careers. The stakes are high, as relationship status and name discrimination contribute to gender2 and racial3 inequities in faculty hiring. The shifting demographics of students and a greater proportion of STEM undergraduates engaging in research and publishing has also led to more scientists questioning decisions around name changes. Dual-scientist couples considering sharing a last name may wonder about gendered assessments of their contributions to work. Women occasionally ask for advice on this topic using social-media platforms such as Twitter. Community members chime in with myriad options: keep your name, change your name, hyphenate, add a middle name, couples choose a new name, keep separate personal and legal names, and so on. There is no single correct approach for this personal decision, so online discussions and testimonials4 are invaluable resources for women with few immediate role models. More

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When mange began to kill llama-like animals called vicuñas in the high Andes, their loss reverberated through the food web to affect grasslands and, eventually, condors1.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00592-8

ReferencesMonk, J. D. et al. Ecol. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13983 (2022).PubMed 
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Esperanza Martínez-Romero is a professor of ecological genomics and was coordinator of the undergraduate programme on genomics at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Her work on plant symbioses, and outreach with local farmers has encouraged uptake of sustainable practices and the use of biofertilizers.It was during my first year as an undergraduate student that I was exposed to genetic engineering, when Dr Francisco Bolívar lectured on his development of vectors for gene cloning. I found these results fascinating, and it was listening to talks from scientists at my institute that made me realize that research was my vocation. Towards the end of my bachelor’s degree, Dr Marc von Montagu from Belgium visited and told us about plant genetic transformations — a new field within genetic engineering. Although I was accepted into his laboratory to do my doctorate, I preferred Mexico. I turned my academic journey around and instead chose to apply to a new research centre in Cuernavaca outside of Mexico City — my next turning point. I suspected that a new research centre would provide more opportunities for the development of novel areas, and would have open positions for researchers. Indeed, I was hired at this new research centre and started my own ecology group. It was there that I started working with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants. The effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on plants were outstanding. Although the scope of molecular biology was incipient to the characterization of bacterial species and populations, we were nevertheless able to make molecular characterizations of the rhizobial species that formed nitrogen-fixing nodules on beans — the most important legume for human consumption in the world. In 1991, we described a novel species, Rhizobium tropici, which could deliver high levels of nitrogen to legumes. It was then that I realized nitrogen fixation is key to the development of sustainable agriculture and could benefit farmers in Mexico and around the world. Some of the species described by my group are now used as inoculants in agriculture, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and allowing farmers to make cost savings. To facilitate this, I published a manual on biofertilization for farmers and gave conferences and workshops to them. My group has also undertaken reforestation programmes using nitrogen-fixing legume trees inoculated with the rhizobial species that we described. More