Fungal fruit body assemblages are tougher in harsh microclimates
1.McGill, B. J., Enquist, B. J., Weiher, E. & Westoby, M. Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 178–185 (2006).PubMed
Google Scholar
2.Urban, M. C. et al. Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change. Science 353, 6304 (2016).
Google Scholar
3.Sheridan, J. A. & Bickford, D. Shrinking body size as an ecological response to climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 1, 401–406 (2011).ADS
Google Scholar
4.Zeuss, D., Brandl, R., Brändle, M., Rahbek, C. & Brunzel, S. Global warming favours light-coloured insects in Europe. Nat. Commun. 5, 1–10 (2014).
Google Scholar
5.Senf, C., Sebald, J. & Seidl, R. Increasing canopy mortality affects the future demographic structure of Europe’s forests. One Earth 4, 749–755 (2021).
Google Scholar
6.Zellweger, F. et al. Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming. Science 368, 772–775 (2020).ADS
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.Scharenbroch, B. C. & Bockheim, J. G. Impacts of forest gaps on soil properties and processes in old growth northern hardwood-hemlock forests. Plant Soil 294, 219–233 (2007).CAS
Google Scholar
8.de Frenne, P. et al. Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 744–749 (2019).PubMed
Google Scholar
9.Kermavnar, J. et al. Effects of various cutting treatments and topographic factors on microclimatic conditions in Dinaric fir-beech forests. Agric. For. Meteorol. 295, 108186 (2020).ADS
Google Scholar
10.Brown, M. J., Parker, G. G. & Posner, N. E. A survey of ultraviolet-B radiation in forests. J. Ecol. 82, 843 (1994).
Google Scholar
11.Thom, D. et al. Effects of disturbance patterns and deadwood on the microclimate in European beech forests. Agric. For. Meteorol. 291, 108066 (2020).ADS
Google Scholar
12.Frank, A. et al. Risk of genetic maladaptation due to climate change in three major European tree species. Glob. Change Biol. 23, 5358–5371 (2017).ADS
Google Scholar
13.Maxime, C. & Hendrik, D. Effects of climate on diameter growth of co-occurring Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba along an altitudinal gradient. Trees 25, 265–276 (2011).
Google Scholar
14.Vitasse, Y. et al. Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 3781–3792 (2019).ADS
Google Scholar
15.Seidl, R. et al. Forest disturbances under climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 7, 395–402 (2017).ADS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
16.Penone, C. et al. Specialisation and diversity of multiple trophic groups are promoted by different forest features. Ecol. Lett. 22, 170–180 (2019).PubMed
Google Scholar
17.Müller, J. et al. Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent. Oikos 129, 1579–1588 (2020).
Google Scholar
18.Krah, F.-S. et al. Independent effects of host and environment on the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. J. Ecol. 106, 1428–1442 (2018).
Google Scholar
19.Nagy, L. G. et al. Six key traits of fungi: Their evolutionary origins and genetic bases. Microbiol. Spect. 5, 4 (2017).
Google Scholar
20.Baldrian, P. Forest microbiome: Diversity, complexity and dynamics. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 41, 109–130 (2017).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
21.Raudaskoski, M. & Salonen, M. Interrelationships between vegetative development and basidiocarp initiation. in The Ecology and Physiology of the Fungal Mycelium: Symposium of the British Mycological Society, vol. 8, p. 291 (Cambridge University Press, 1984).22.Kües, U. & Liu, Y. Fruiting body production in Basidiomycetes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 141–152 (2000).PubMed
Google Scholar
23.Sakamoto, Y. Influences of environmental factors on fruiting body induction, development and maturation in mushroom-forming fungi. Fungal Biol. Rev. 32, 236–248 (2018).
Google Scholar
24.Luo, L., Zhang, S., Wu, J., Sun, X. & Ma, A. Heat stress in macrofungi: Effects and response mechanisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1, 1–10 (2021).
Google Scholar
25.Krah, F., Hess, J., Hennicke, F., Kar, R. & Bässler, C. Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure. Ecol. Evol. 11, 10538–10546 (2021).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
26.Krah, F.-S. et al. European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates. Nat. Commun. 10, 2890 (2019).ADS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
27.Bässler, C. et al. Global analysis reveals an environmentally driven latitudinal pattern in mushroom size across fungal species. Ecol. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13678 (2021).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
28.Bässler, C. et al. Mean reproductive traits of fungal assemblages are correlated with resource availability. Ecol. Evol. 6, 582–592 (2016).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
29.Abrego, N., Norberg, A. & Ovaskainen, O. Measuring and predicting the influence of traits on the assembly processes of wood-inhabiting fungi. J. Ecol. 105, 1070–1081 (2016).
Google Scholar
30.Sánchez-García, M. et al. Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 32528–32534 (2020).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
31.Hibbett, D. S. & Binder, M. Evolution of complex fruiting–body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 1963–1969 (2002).CAS
Google Scholar
32.Hibbett, D. S., Pine, E. M., Langer, E., Langer, G. & Donoghue, M. J. Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94, 12002–12006 (1997).ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
33.Halbwachs, H., Simmel, J. & Bässler, C. Tales and mysteries of fungal fruiting: How morphological and physiological traits affect a pileate lifestyle. Fungal Biol. Rev. 30, 36–61 (2016).
Google Scholar
34.Wilson, A. W., Binder, M. & Hibbett, D. S. Effects of gasteroid fruiting body morphology on diversification rates in three independent clades of fungi estimated using binary state speciation and extinction analysis. Evol. Int. J. Org. Evol. 65, 1305–1322 (2011).
Google Scholar
35.Cordero, R. J. B. & Casadevall, A. Functions of fungal melanin beyond virulence. Fungal Biol. Rev. 31, 99–112 (2017).PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
36.Zamora-Camacho, F. J., Reguera, S. & Moreno-Rueda, G. Bergmann’s Rule rules body size in an ectotherm: Heat conservation in a lizard along a 2200-metre elevational gradient. J. Evol. Biol. 27, 2820–2828 (2014).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
37.Kalmus, H. Physiology and ecology of cuticle colour in insects. Nature 148, 693 (1941).ADS
Google Scholar
38.Law, S. J. et al. Darker ants dominate the canopy: Testing macroecological hypotheses for patterns in colour along a microclimatic gradient. J. Anim. Ecol. 89, 347–359 (2020).PubMed
Google Scholar
39.Bogert, C. M. Thermoregulation in reptiles, a factor in evolution. Evolution 3, 195–211 (1949).CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
40.R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (R Core Team, 2015).41.Wickham, H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (Springer, 2016).MATH
Google Scholar
42.Olou, B. A., Yorou, N. S., Striegel, M., Bässler, C. & Krah, F.-S. Effects of macroclimate and resource on the diversity of tropical wood-inhabiting fungi. For. Ecol. Manage. 436, 79–87 (2019).
Google Scholar
43.Moser, M. Fungal growth and fructification under stress conditions. Ukrainian Bot. J. 50, 5–11 (1993).
Google Scholar
44.Walter, H. et al. Vegetation of the Earth in Relation to Climate and the Eco-Physiological Conditions (English Universities Press, 1973).
Google Scholar
45.Botti, D. A phytoclimatic map of Europe. Cybergeo Eur. J. Geogr. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.29495 (2018).Article
Google Scholar
46.Sofo, A., Manfreda, S., Fiorentino, M., Dichio, B. & Xiloyannis, C. The olive tree: A paradigm for drought tolerance in Mediterranean climates. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 12, 293–301 (2008).ADS
Google Scholar
47.Poorter, H., Niinemets, Ü., Poorter, L., Wright, I. J. & Villar, R. Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): A meta-analysis. New Phytol. 182, 565–588 (2009).PubMed
Google Scholar
48.Ellenberg, H. H. Spring areas and adjacent swamps. in Vegetation ecology of central Europe 313–313 (Cambridge University Press, 1988).49.Gardner, J. L., Peters, A., Kearney, M. R., Joseph, L. & Heinsohn, R. Declining body size: A third universal response to warming?. New Phytol. 26, 285–291 (2011).
Google Scholar
50.Stamets, P. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms (Ten Speed Press, 2011).
Google Scholar
51.Cordero, R. J. B. et al. Impact of yeast pigmentation on heat capture and latitudinal distribution. Curr. Biol. 28, 2657-2664.e3 (2018).CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
52.Graham, J. H. et al. Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed landscapes. Ecol. Ind. 9, 866–877 (2009).
Google Scholar
53.Palladini, J. D., Jones, M. G., Sanders, N. J. & Jules, E. S. The recovery of ant communities in regenerating temperate conifer forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 242, 619–624 (2007).
Google Scholar
54.Punttila, P., Haila, Y., Niemelä, J. & Pajunen, T. Ant communities in fragments of old-growth taiga and managed surroundings. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 31, 131–144 (1994).
Google Scholar
55.Entling, W., Schmidt-Entling, M. H., Bacher, S., Brandl, R. & Nentwig, W. Body size–climate relationships of European spiders. J. Biogeogr. 37, 477–485 (2010).
Google Scholar
56.Gotelli, N. J. Null model analysis of species co-occurrence patterns. Ecology 81, 2606–2621 (2000).
Google Scholar
57.Tucker, C. M., Shoemaker, L. G., Davies, K. F., Nemergut, D. R. & Melbourne, B. A. Differentiating between niche and neutral assembly in metacommunities using null models of beta-diversity. Oikos 125, 778–789 (2015).
Google Scholar
58.Shipley, B. et al. Reinforcing loose foundation stones in trait-based plant ecology. Oecologia 180, 923–931 (2016).ADS
PubMed
Google Scholar
59.Krah, F.-S. & Bässler, C. What can intraspecific trait variability tell us about fungal communities and adaptations?. Mycol. Prog. 20, 905–910 (2021).
Google Scholar
60.Norros, V. & Halme, P. Growth sites of polypores from quantitative expert evaluation: Late-stage decayers and saprotrophs fruit closer to ground. Fungal Ecol. 28, 53–65 (2017).
Google Scholar
61.Senf, C. et al. Canopy mortality has doubled in Europe’s temperate forests over the last three decades. Nat. Commun. 9, 4978 (2018).ADS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
62.Bässler, C., Seifert, L. & Müller, J. The BIOKLIM project in the National Park Bavarian Forest: Lessons from a biodiversity survey. Silva Gabreta 21, 81–93 (2015).
Google Scholar
63.Halme, P. & Kotiaho, J. S. The importance of timing and number of surveys in fungal biodiversity research. Biodivers. Conserv. 21, 205–219 (2012).
Google Scholar
64.Crous, P. W. et al. MycoBank: An online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Stud. Mycol. 50, 19–22 (2004).
Google Scholar
65.van den Broek, E. L. & van Rikxoort, E. M. Evaluation of color representation for texture analysis. in Paper presented at 16th Belgium-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence, BNAIC 2004, Groningen, Netherlands 35–42 (2004).66.Bernicchia, A. Fungi Europaei, Volume 10. Polyporaceae sl. (Alassio, Italia: Edizioni Candusso, 2005).67.Kembel, S. Community Phylogenetic Analysis with Picante Installing Picante 1–18 (Springer, 2009).
Google Scholar
68.Gotelli, N. J. & Graves, G. R. Null Models in Ecology (Springer, 1996).
Google Scholar
69.Hochberg, Y. & Tamhane, A. C. Multiple Comparison Procedures (Wiley, 1987).MATH
Google Scholar
70.Dormann, C. G., Elith, J., Bacher, S., Buchmann, C. & Lautenback, S. Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 35, 001–020 (2012).
Google Scholar
71.Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48 (2015).
Google Scholar
72.Purhonen, J. et al. Morphological traits predict host-tree specialization in wood-inhabiting fungal communities. Fungal Ecol. 46, 100863 (2020).
Google Scholar
73.Heilmann-Clausen, J. & Christensen, M. Does size matter?: On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 201, 105–117 (2004).
Google Scholar
74.Lenth, R. V. Least-squares means: The R package lsmeans. J. Stat. Softw. 69, 1–33 (2016).
Google Scholar More