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CORRESPONDENCE
11 January 2022

Two million species catalogued by 500 experts

Mark John Costello

0
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R. Edward DeWalt

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Thomas M. Orrell

2
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Olaf Banki

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Mark John Costello

Nord University, Bodø, Norway.

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R. Edward DeWalt

University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

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Thomas M. Orrell

Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.

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Olaf Banki

Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.

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More than two million accepted species are now listed in the open-access Catalogue of Life (go.nature.com/3ym3h2g). This achievement addresses a major impediment to the management of biodiversity data by presenting an almost complete index of accepted names and known synonyms.

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Nature 601, 191 (2022)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00010-z

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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CORRESPONDENCE
11 January 2022

EU Nature Restoration Law needs ambitious and binding targets

Kris Decleer

 ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-8925

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,

Jordi Cortina-Segarra

 ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-3793

1
&

Aveliina Helm

 ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-4564

2

Kris Decleer

Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium.

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Jordi Cortina-Segarra

University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

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Aveliina Helm

University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

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Initiatives by the European Commission to restore the continent’s degraded areas (J. Cortina-Segarra et al. Nature 535, 231; 2016) have proved disappointing. As the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration gathers momentum, the commission is preparing a law that has legally binding targets. To underscore the urgency, some 1,400 European scientists and 30 expert networks and institutions have signed a declaration by the Society for Ecological Restoration Europe (see go.nature.com/3st6k88).

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Nature 601, 191 (2022)
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Effects of water and nitrogen treatments on the yield of Isatis indigotica
As shown in Table 3, in the two-year experiment, both the water input and the nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the yield of Isatis indigotica.Table 3 Variance analysis of traits on the yield of Isatis indigotica.Full size tableAs shown in Fig. 4, with increasing water and nitrogen, the yield first increased and then decreased. The interaction between the water input and the nitrogen application rate reached a significant level (P  N1. At the levels of W1, W2, and W3, the yield of the N2 treatment increased by 5.3–7.9%, 6.5–6.9%, and 5.0–9.0% compared with those of the N3 treatment, respectively, and the yield of the N3 treatment increased by 1.4–1.9%, 1.5%-4.5%, and 1.7–3.5% compared with those of the N1 treatment, respectively. At the same nitrogen application level, the yield performance was W2  > W1  > W3. At the levels of N1, N2, and N3, the yield of the W2 treatment increased by 6.9–12.4%, 8.3–11.3%, and 6.8–13.5% compared with those of the W3 treatment, respectively, and the yield of the W3 treatment decreased by 1.6–3.9%, 1.5–1.6%, and 1.3–2.4% compared with those of the W1 treatment, respectively.Effects of the water and nitrogen treatments on the quality of Isatis indigotica
As shown in Table 4, in the two-year experiment, the water input and nitrogen application rate had significant impacts on the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharide in Isatis indigotica.Table 4 Variance analysis of traits the quality of Isatis indigotica.Full size tableAs shown in Fig. 5, The impacts decreased with increasing irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate. Compared with those in the W3N3 treatment, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharide in the W2N2 treatment increased by 4.5–5.9%, 2.7–3.1%, 5.2–6.0% and 1.8–2.1%, respectively. At the same irrigation level, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides all decreased in the order N1  > N2  > N3. At the W2 level, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharide in the N1 treatment increased by 0.5–1.7%, 0.8–0.9%, 0.8–1.1% and 0.1–0.4%, respectively, compared with those in the N2 treatment. Compared with those in the N3 treatment, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharide in the N2 treatment increased by 1.9–2.1%, 1.5–2.2%, 2.1–2.2% and 0.6–1.1%, respectively.Figure 5The effects of the different treatments on the quality index of Isatis indigotica. The values shown are the mean ± SD, n = 3. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at the P ≤ 0.05 level.Full size imageAt the same nitrogen level, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides all decreased in the order W1  > W2  > W3. At the N2 level, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides in the W1 treatment increased by 1.5–2.0%, 1.8–2.1%, 3.0–3.1% and 0.4–0.9% compared with those in the W2 treatment, respectively. Compared with those in the W3 treatment, the contents of indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides of the W2 treatment increased by 2.3–3.5%, 1.8–2.3%, 2.0–4.0% and 1.0–1.4%, respectively.Effects of the water and nitrogen treatments on the WUE of Isatis indigotica
As shown in Table 5, in the two-year experiment, the water input and nitrogen application rate had significant impacts on the WUE of Isatis indigotica (P  N3  > N1. At the W1, W2, and W3 levels, the WUE of the N2 treatment increased by 6.5–8.6%, 7.8–8.1%, and 7.4–10.4% compared with that of the N3 treatment, respectively, and the WUE of the N3 treatment increased by 2.9–3.1%, 3.9–6.0%, and 4.5–5.3% compared with that of the N1 treatment, respectively. Under the same nitrogen application rate level, the WUE performance was W1  > W2  > W3. At the N1, N2, and N3 levels, the WUE of the W1 treatment increased by 5.0–11.7%, 2.8–9.2%, and 2.0–10.9% compared with that of the W2 treatment, respectively, and the WUE of the W2 treatment increased by 24.2–29.5%, 24.3 -27.2%, and 23.5–30.3% compared with that of the W3 treatment, respectively.Effects of water and nitrogen treatments on NUE of Isatis indigotica
As shown in Table 6, in the two-year experiment, the water input and nitrogen application rate had significant impacts on the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) of Isatis indigotica (P  N2  > N3. At the levels of W1, W2, and W3, the NUE of the N1 treatment increased by 9.9–11.8%, 9.6–13.0%, and 6.3–11.6% compared with that of the N2 treatment, respectively, and the NUE of the N2 treatment increased by 31.0–37.6%, 28.8–29.2%, and 28.3–28.6% compared with that of the N3 treatment, respectively. At the same nitrogen application level, the NUE performance was W2  > W3  > W1. At the N1, N2, and N3 levels, the NUE of the W2 treatment increased by 5.7–6.1%, 2.5–4.8%, and 2.3–4.1% compared with that of the W3 treatment, respectively, and the NUE of the W3 treatment decreased by 3.4–8.0%, 6.9–8.2%, and 10.5–14.5% compared with that of the W1 treatment, respectively.Ethical guidelineThe authors confirm that relevant ethical guidelines were followed for plant usage.Land permit statementThe experimental land belongs to the Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, in Minle County, Gansu Province, China. More

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