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Strains belonging to the same species display distinct growth dynamics on the marine polysaccharide alginateWe first quantified the growth dynamics of the 12 Vibrionaceae strains (Supplementary Table 1) on alginate in well-mixed batch cultures. Growth of populations was initiated at approximately the same inoculum density (105 colony forming units (c.f.u.) ml−1). We tracked the growth dynamics by measuring the optical density at 600 nm and compared the maximum population size reached over the course of 36 h (Fig. 1 and S1). We found significant differences in the maximal optical density achieved by different strains within each species (Fig. 1 and S1). In V. splendidus, strains 12B01 and FF6 reached a lower maximum population size compared to strains 1S124 and 13B01 (Fig. 1 and S1A). In V. cyclitrophicus, strain ZF270 reached a lower maximum population size compared to strains 1F175, 1F111, and ZF28 (Fig. 1 and S1A). Similarly, in V. sp. F13, strain 9ZC77 reached a lower maximum population size than strains 9CS106, 9ZC13, and ZF57 (Fig. 1 and S1A). These findings suggest that some strains are limited in their growth abilities in well-mixed environments, perhaps as a consequence of differences in the amount and activity of enzymes they release (Supplementary Table 1).Fig. 1: Vibrionaceae strains differ in their growth dynamics on the marine polysaccharide alginate under well-mixed conditions.Maximum optical density (measured at 600 nm) achieved by populations of strains belonging to Vibrio splendidus, Vibrio cyclitrophicus, and Vibrio sp. F13 during the course of a 36 h growth cycle on the same concentration (0.1% weight/volume) of the polysaccharide alginate. Points and error bars indicate the mean of measurements across populations within each ecotype (npopulations = 3) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between strains within one species (One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post-hoc test; V. splendidus: p  More

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